성공적인 한국 기업집단의 경영체제 특성과 미래 방향 모색

이경묵(Kyungmook Lee),홍길표(Kil-Pyo Hong) 한국인사조직학회 2014 인사조직연구 Vol.22 No.1

본 논문에서는 세계적인 경쟁력을 가진 한국 기업집단의 경영체제를 분석함으로써, 경영체제상의 한국 기업의 성공요인을 찾아내고, 이를 바탕으로 한국 기업의 경영체제가 지향할 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 한국기업의 경영체제 특성을 연구하기 위한 핵심주제와 그 현상특성에 대해 개관하였고, 이를 기반으로 사례연구의 분석관점을 구성했다. 사례연구는 세계적인 경쟁력을 갖춘 한국 기업집단인 삼성그룹, 현대기아차그룹, 포스코그룹을 대상으로 수행했다. 사례연구를 바탕으로 한국의 대표적 기업집단이 세계적인 기업집단으로 도약하는데 기여한 경영체제상의 세 가지 특성을 도출하였다. 첫째, 세계적인 기업을 만들겠다는 원대한 비전과 강렬한 의지를 가지고 있으면서도 동시에 주력사업의 핵심성공요소를 잘 이해한 뛰어난 그룹 최고결정권자가 존재했다는 점, 둘째, 이들이 장기간 기업을 이끌면서 막강한 권한을 행사할 수 있도록 지배기반을 제공한 계열사간 복합적인 소유구조와 계열사간 관계를 유지할 수 있었다는 점, 셋째, 그룹 최고결정권자의 리더십 및 소유구조 특성에 적합한 그룹경영시스템을 구축하여 그룹 임직원들의 역량을 결집해 나갔다는 점 등을 들 수 있다. 이들 사례가 다른 한국기업에 던지는 시사점으로 본 연구에서는 주력사업의 핵심성공요소를 잘 이해하면서도 세계 일류기업을 만들겠다는 강한 의지를 가진 최고결정권자의 육성과 검증, 장기적인 관점에서의 비전경영, 조직의 각 부문과 임직원들이 그룹 최고결정권자의 강한 의지에 맞게 행동하도록 하는 그룹경영 시스템의 구축이 필요하다는 점을 제시하였다. This paper aims to identify the success factors in the governance systems of Korean corporate groups and suggests the future directions of the governance systems of Korean firms by analyzing three successful Korean corporate groups: Samsung, Hyundai-Kia Motors, and POSCO. In order to analyze their governance structures, we developed a two-by-two matrix framework to identify their key governance system characteristics. In one dimension, we distinguish non-Chaebol corporate groups from Chaebol type. In the other dimension, we identify vertically-integrated corporate groups with a single core business from diversified corporate groups with multiple core businesses. Samsung group is a Chaebol type corporate group with multiple core businesses, while Hyundai-Kia Motors group is a Chaebol type corporate group with a single core business. POSCO group is a non-Chaebol corporate group with a single core business. Then, we describe the governance systems of each corporate group in detail. We collected data mainly by interviewing multiple executives of those groups. Samsung group is the largest and most successful Korean corporate group so far. It has grown very fast and has become a world-class corporate group under the leadership of group Chairman Kun-Hee Lee. Key characteristics of Samsung’s governance system can be summarized as follows. First, the role of Chairman Lee has been critical in Samsung’s success in the global market. He had a very strong will to transform Samsung into a world-class corporate group, provided an audacious vision to organizational members of the Samsung group, and suggested basic direction to transform the group by using his business insight. He directed the group with a long-term vision and deep understanding of the critical success factors of Samsung’s major businesses. Chairman Lee’s vision has been implemented by a very powerful group headquarters and by professional managers. The group headquarters coordinates and integrates decisions of affiliate companies to pursue group level optimization. The headquarters exerts a strong influence on nominating directors and executives of affiliate companies, and is involved in major investment decisions of the affiliates. Executives of affiliate companies are nominated on the basis of their own performance as well as of the performance of the organizational unit they work for. Monetary compensation of organizational members is very tightly linked with business performance and thus the incentives of stockholders, executives, and the rank-and-file are tightly aligned. This tight incentive alignment helps Samsung concentrate efforts of its employees to achieve the vision of Chairman Lee. The Hyundai-Kia Motors group has emerged as a major player in world automobile industry under the leadership of Chairman Mong-Ku Chung. Similar to Samsung’s Chairman Lee, Chairman Chung had a very strong will to build up a world-class automobile corporate group, provided an audacious vision, and dictated the quality improvement as the most important success factor in the automobile industry. While Chairman Lee delegates most of his decisions to professional managers in Samsung, Chairman Chung remains involved in major decisions of his affiliate companies. Chairman Chung has practiced “management by wandering around.” He has frequently visited major places of his concern and checks whether his vision is being properly implemented. Group headquarters does not play a major role in group-level governance in this group but provide decision support services to Chairman Chung and the CEOs of affiliate companies. While a very large portion of executives in affiliate companies of Samsung group are trained in managerial functions such as finance, accounting, human resources management, and auditing, the majority of executives in the Hyundai-Kia Motors group are trained in assembly, quality control, sales and marketing, and R&D.

지역아동센터 아동 대상 조리교육 프로그램 개발 및 적용

이경아 ( Kyung-a Lee ),이경애 ( Kyong-ae Lee ),권미라 ( Meera Kweon ),김미자 ( Mi-ja Kim ),류은순 ( Eun Soon Lyu ),문보경 ( Bo Kyung Moon ),박옥진 ( Ok Jin Park ),이애랑 ( Ae-rang Lee ),이윤진 ( Yoon-jin Lee ),이인선 ( In-seon Lee 한국식품조리과학회(구 한국조리과학회) 2021 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.37 No.2

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop cooking program for children at community center. Methods: This study consisted of three parts. Part I involved determining the demand for a cooking program by educators (dietitians). In parts II and III the cooking program was developed and applied, respectively. A survey was carried out on 66 educators (dietitians) using self-administered questionnaire. Questions were based on current status and requirements of cooking programs. Cooking recipes and videos were focused on easily applicated, using common food ingredients, and safe for children. After application of the cooking education, program satisfaction was investigated. Results: Educators (dietitians) stated they needed a well constructed educational program, educational tools, and teaching manuals for children. In accord with survey results, three cooking recipes and videos were developed for children and recipe illustration cards were produced. Menus were ‘baby gimbap with a perilla leaf’, ‘steamed egg with tofu and scallions’, and ‘a bowl of rice with bean sprouts and egg’. Educators’ satisfaction scores for the developed cooking program after it has been applied at 12 community centers were very high. Conclusion: A various and practical cooking education program should be developed for children at community centers.

메타버스(metaverse) 시대의 미술교육

이경아(Lee Kyung A) 한국미술교육학회 2021 美術敎育論叢 Vol.35 No.3

본 연구는 최근 화두가 되고 있는 메타버스와 관련하여 그 의미를 고찰하고 미술교육에서의 활용 가능성을 제시하는 데 목적을 둔다. 4차 산업혁명의 사회, 문화적 패러다임은 교육 현장에도 많은 변화를 가져왔고 이제 메타버스로 새로운 영역을 확장하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 메타버스의 개념과 특성을 ‘가상공간 오디세이’와 ‘아바타 라이프’로 설정하고 미술교육의 관점에서 접점을 제시한다. 미술교육에서 메타버스 활용의 의의는 가상 플랫폼의 활용, 빅데이터와 인공지능, 확장된 판타지와 증강현실 측면에서 분석한다. 연구 방법은 문헌 연구를 토대로 교육 현장에서의 실행 연구가 주축이 된다. 이에 따른 연구 사례로는 2021년 상반기에 연구자의 지도 학생들을 대상으로 교수-학습을 모니터링하고 추출한 수업 결과물 5개와 외부 관찰 사례 1개를 제시한다. 6개의 영역으로 구분한 연구 내용의 핵심은 비대면 온라인 원격수업을 고려한 주제로 구성된다. 세부 영역은 3D 아바타로 소통하는 화상 수업, VR, AR 기반 3D 뮤지엄 기획 및 건축, 위성 사진을 활용한 미적 체험, 언택트 360° VR 전시회, 가상 인테리어 시뮬레이션, 움직이는 명화 만들기이다. 연구 결과 코로나 팬데믹 상황에서 메타버스 온택트 플랫폼을 활용한 수업은 시공간을 초월한 상호소통에 효과적이었으며 융합적 측면에서 학생들의 흥미와 학습 동기 유발, 매체 활용의 측면에서 새로운 자아 표현의 도구로서 유의미한 시사점을 제공하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. Metaverse has become a hot issue in recent years. The purpose of the present study is to examine the meaning of metaverse and to present the usability of metaverse in art education. The social and cultural paradigms of the 4th industrial revolution have brought a lot of changes in the education field, and continue to extend into a new area of metaverse. In this study, the concept and characteristics of metaverse are established as “virtual space odyssey” and “avatar life”, and their cross section is presented in relation to art education. The significance of using metaverse in art education is analyzed in terms of utilizing virtual platforms, big data and artificial intelligence, expanded fantasy, and augmented reality. This is mainly an execution study based on literature research in the education field. As for study cases, this study presents five class outputs after monitoring teaching-learning for students of the researcher and one external observation case executed in the first half of 2021. The core of the research content divided into six sub-areas consists of a subject that considers ontact on-line remote classes. Sub-areas include video classes communicating with 3D avatars, VR and AR-based 3D museum planning and architecture, aesthetic experiences using satellite maps, untact 360° VR exhibitions, virtual interior simulation, and making animated classical paintings. Results reveal that classes that utilize the metaverse ontact platform during the COVID-19 Pandemic Era offer effective in intercommunication across time and space, provide significant implications in increasing enhancing student interests and motivation levels further suggests metaverse as a new device that allows self- representation by utilizing media.

WTO 체제하의 임업부문 직접지불제도 도입필요성에 관한 연구

이경일 ( Lee Gyeong Il ),손철호 ( Son Cheol Ho ) 한국산림과학회 2003 한국산림과학회지 Vol.92 No.6

The purpose of research is to examine direct payment been coming in agriculture under WTO, and to suggest introduction necessity of that in forestry. As a result, direct payment in agriculture is magnified rapidly laying stress on developed country, and also our country has been enforcing that in agriculture since 1997. Under the wicked management status of forestry in Korea, for propelling sustainable forest management and income compensation to nonproductive forest land, it is needed to introduce direct payment in forestry.

고린도전서 14:33b-36의 진정성과 주해

이경석(Kyungsuk Lee) 한국복음주의신약학회 2008 신약연구 Vol.7 No.4

1 Cor. 14:33b-36, with 1 Tim. 2:8-15, has traditionally been quoted for the issue of woman ordination. But recently, there has been various arguments on the authenticity of the text. So this article examines the arguments related to the codex, the flow of the text and its literary style. The main aim of the article is to interpret the text, especially the expression αἱ γυαῑκες ἐν ταῑς ἐκκλησίαις σιγάτωσαν in v. 34. Here αἱ γυαῑκες should mean 'wives.' What does Paul really say in the verse? It does mainly depends on how to interpret λαλεῑν used twice in vv. 34-35. Some scholars argue that it means judging prophecy, and thus Paul prohibits women from weighing prophecies. Others scholars argue that Paul in vv. 34-35 quotes the Corinthian view and in v. 36 refutes the view. According to them, the text may be understood as declaring women's equality rather than as ordering women's silence in the church. Still others interpret the word λαλεῑν as to mean disruptive questioning in public services. It is contextually clear that it means to ask to learn in the church, and Paul prohibits wives from asking for the order. 1 Cor. 14:33b-36 does not refer to a general case of ordering woman silence in the church. It refers to a special case particularly related to the situation of the Corinthian church. In this regard, it has to be carefully reconsidered to quote v. 34 for the issue of woman ordination.

평균전류모드 플라이백 토폴로지를 이용한 PDP용 고효율 AC-DC 컨버터 및 Hold-up 특성 개선

이경인,임승범,정용민,오은태,이준영,Lee, Kyung-In,Lim, Seung-Beom,Jung, Yong-Min,Oh, Eun-Tae,Lee, Jun-Young 한국반도체디스플레이기술학회 2008 반도체디스플레이기술학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Recently, regulation for THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) such as IEC 61000-3-2, IEEE 519 is being reinforced about a product which directly connects to AC line in order to prevent distortion of common power source in electronic equipment and electrical machinery. In order to satisfy these regulations, conventional circuits were used two-stage structure attached power factor correction circuit at ahead of converter but this method complicate the circuit and then a number of element increases thereupon the cost of production rises. in this paper, we propose a high efficiency single-stage 300W PFC fly-back converter that improved power factor and efficiency than conventional two-stage power module.

초음파 간탄성도 검사(Liver Elastography)의 재현성 평가

이경아(Kyung-A Lee),조용범(Yong-Bum Cho),김현진(Hyun-Jin Kim),서대건(Dae-Gun Seo) 대한초음파의료영상학회 2019 대한초음파의료영상학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.4 No.1

스테파누스 2세와 피핀의 상봉: 그 역사적 의미

이경구 ( Kyung Koo Lee ) 한국서양중세사학회 2002 西洋中世史硏究 Vol.0 No.9

Italy was a land of conflicting dilemmas in the middle of the eighth century. Because three powers of the Byzantines, the Lombards, and the Papacy competed one another to hold hegemony of the Italian peninsula. The Byzantine Emperors, as the legitimate successors of the ancient Roman Emperors, claimed their theoretical rights to rule the peninsula. But the Lombard kings who had strong troops tried to seizure the whole Italy by the sword. The Popes, on the other hand, wouldn`t accept not only the rult of the Byzantins but also that of the lombards because the wanted to rule over the whole province of Italy. In this tripartite relation Pope StephenⅡ took the initiztive in Italy by the tools of diplomacy. It was impossible for the Pope to expel the Byzantines and the Lombards from the peninsula because he had not any military means. He solved the difficult situation receiving the military assistance from the Frankish king PepinⅢ. Stehpen, that is, rescued the Church and the Papac by means of his skill diplomacy. There were secret contacts between the papal curia and the pepin`s palace before Stephen visited the Frankish kingdom. Both exchanged Letters and embassies each other with the utmost secrcy without making known those things to either Byzantines or Lombards. Stephen`s secret diplomacy obtained excellent results. The Papacy could be raised to the position of the head in the Italian peninsula instead of Byzantines and Lombards In relation with Pepin the Stephen also enjoyed actual papal supremacy. The evidence that the Pope claimed his supremacy to the Frankish king was indeed the Donation of Constantine and the Petrine Theory. The Pope`s predominant position was evidently expressed in the rite of groom service that Pepin performed before Stephen when they met each other at the first time. Stephen succeed to make Pepin protector of the see of St. Peter as a result of the meeting between the two. The Pope charged the Frankish king with the duty of service for the Roman Church and the Papacy. The Popes such intention was symbolically reflected in the unction which Stephen edstowed on pepin and his two sons at St. Denis and the title `patricius Romanourum` which he conered on them after the rite. In severe danger Stephen thus saved the Duchy of Rome and the Roman Church receiving the military assistance from Pepin. Pepin also made some profits by foreing cooperation with Stephen though the Frankish king acted passively in relation with the Pope. Consecrated by the Pope the Frankish king now became a holy king. and then as a capacity of a holy king Pepin was properly able to conduct the Chirstian people living in the western Europe. Making successful expeditions to italy he not only consolidated his position in the Frankish kingdom but also secured a firm foothold to take a significant role in the western society. In these aspects the meeting between Stephen and Pepinwas the important accident that decided on the future course of the history of the Papacy and furthermore of the western Europe.

콘스탄티누스 기진장의 작성목적

이경구 ( Kyung Koo Lee ) 한국서양중세사학회 2003 西洋中世史硏究 Vol.0 No.11

The Donation of Constantine has been regarded as the most famous forgery of the entire Middle Ages. The document seemend to be forged according to the thorough program of the papal curia in the middle eighth century. The author fabricated the document for the purposes as follows. First, the Donation purported to confirm that Roman Catholic religion is orthodoxy. The Roman Church suffered a lot of difficultie due to the Arius heresy of Lombards and the iconoclasm of the Constantinople church. The author wanted to secure the dogmas of the Roman Church to be orthodoxy instead of the heresies. Second, the Donation intended to secure the primacy of the Roman Church. The papacy hoped to unifiction of the christian faith under the initiative of the Roman Church holding back rival churches such as the Byzantine church. The desire of the papal curia was echoed in the document. Third, the Donation was fabricated as an evidence of the papacy`s temporal right in Italy including the city of Rome. The Byzantine emperors had claimed their rights to rule the Italian peninsula as the legal successors of the ancient Roman emperors. The curia was in dire need of an evidence for the secular rulership in Italy instead of the Byzantine Empire. The evidence was also required aginst the Franks because they could claim their rights to the Italian territory once they subjugated Lombards in the north Italy.

탄소저감형 신도시 토지이용계획 모델 구축 방안

이경기(Lee, Kyung-Kee) 충북연구원 2010 연구보고서 Vol.- No.-