中央 Asia의 佛塔 小考

尹昌淑 中齋 張忠植博士 華甲記念論叢刊行委員會 1992 中齋 張忠植博士 華甲記念論叢 Vol.1 No.-

번역 도구로서 챗GPT 활용 가능성 연구 -미국 대학 홈페이지 영한 번역을 중심으로-

윤창숙 서강대학교 인문과학연구소 2023 서강인문논총 Vol.- No.68

This paper explores the possibility of using ChatGPT as a translation aid with the view that machine translation and human translation will coexist in a complementary way. ChatGPT itself is not a tool d eveloped for translation, but it has been developed for use with numerous languages. It also has the ability to modify and improve answers by interacting with users, making itself very useful for translation. In order to measure its capacity as a translation tool, the author of the paper first reviewed Korean translations of the English text of a U.S. university web page performed by Google Translate, Papago Translate, and ChatGPT, and then compared each translation with the others. The comparison demonstrated that ChatGPT was better than the other two translators in terms of consistency in translation and number of errors. None of the three tools, however, produced a translation superior enough to replace a human translator. Next, the author tried using ChatGPT in post-editing to enhance the quality of translated texts. The author found that it was very difficult and time-consuming to obtain satisfactory results. Therefore, it could not be considered efficient. The paper concludes that the quality of artificial intelligence (AI) translation is not at the level of replacing human translation yet. It also concludes that the unsatisfactory post-editing performance of ChatGPT most likely stems from its insufficient d ata on Korean language. Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of ChatGPT as a translation aid, at least in terms of English to Korean translation, further research on EnglishKorean translation should be conducted. The resulting data will hopefully facilitate higher quality machine assisted translations.

다중 지능 이론을 활용한 한국어 의성어·의태어 교육 방안 연구 - 미각·촉각 어휘를 중심으로 -

윤창숙 우리말교육현장학회 2020 우리말교육현장연구 Vol.14 No.2

This study proposes a lesson plan to teach Korean onomatopoeic and mimetic words to L2 learners using the Multiple Intelligences learning theory. It is reported that Korean learners find it difficult to learn Korean onomatopoeic and mimetic words because of distinctive features that rarely exist in the learners’ own languages. However, teaching onomatopoeic and mimetic words of tactile and gustatory sensations may lessen the learning difficulty and help them understand such words. In addition, applying Multiple Intelligences theory to teaching these kinds of words will allow L2 learners to utilize and further develop their intelligences, including linguistic and bodily/kinesthetic intelligence, thus facilitating their learning. The proposed lesson plan presents activities such as connecting target vocabulary with meaning of a food item by touching and tasting it, describing each item using target vocabulary, and listening to songs or watching TV commercials that include target vocabulary. 본 연구는 다중 지능 이론을 활용하여 미각·촉각 의성어·의태어를 중심으로 한국어 의성어·의태어 교육 방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 한국어 의성어·의태어는 한국어의 어휘적 특성을 강하게 담고 있어 일반적으로 학습이 어려운 항목으로 여겨진다. 그러나 미각과 촉각을 나타내는 의성어·의태어의 교육은 신체 감각을 통해 의미 전달에 도움을 받을 수 있어 학습의 부담을 낮추어 주기 때문에 학습자들이 한국어 의성어·의태어의 개념 자체를 인식하도록 하는 데 유리하며 이를 바탕으로 한국어 의성어·의태어 교육을 단계적으로 확장해 나갈 수 있도록 해준다. 교육 방안 설계를 위해 Gardner(1993)의 다중 지능 이론에 바탕을 둔 언어 교수-학습 이론을 적용하였는데, 다중 지능 이론이란 인간의 지능은 언어 지능, 논리/수리 지능, 공간/시각 지능, 신체/운동 지능, 음악 지능, 대인관계 지능, 자아 이해 지능, 자연 이해 지능, 존재 지능 등 다중적인 측면을 가지고 있으므로 학습자 지능의 다양성을 인정하고 학습 활동을 지능별로 달리 구성함으로써 학습의 효과를 높일 수 있다는 이론이다. 구체적인 교수-학습 활동은 Christison(1998)의 ‘지능 일깨우기’, ‘지능 증폭하기’, 지능 활용 학습하기’, ‘지능 전이하기’의 4단계를 따랐다. 초급에서는 한국어 의성어·의태어 개념의 인식을 목표로 미각·촉각 의성어·의태어의 의미와 관련 사물을 연결 지어 묘사할 수 있도록 하였고, 중급에서는 이에 더해 교사가 제공한 자료에서 학습한 미각·촉각 의성어·의태어 이외에 다른 의성어·의태어를 찾아 의미를 이해하고 사용할 수 있도록 하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 고급에서는 의성어·의태어의 확장된 의미와 어감 차이를 발견하게 하거나 스스로 의성어·의태어가 사용된 자료를 찾는 등 학습자 중심의 의성어·의태어 교육이 되도록 하였다.

외국인 유학생의 한국어 문자 메시지에 나타나는 의사소통 양상 연구

윤창숙 한국언어문화교육학회 2021 언어와 문화 Vol.17 No.4

This study analyzes communicative acts performed by international students at a Korean university in their L2 Korean text messages in order to shed light on teaching pragmatic features of Korean to L2 learners. The analysis is based on students' actual text messages sent to a university instructor. It was found that students sent text messages to the instructor mainly to give information, express their feelings, ask favors or questions, and to make promises. Although their purposes for texting were similar to those of native Korean speakers, there were significant pragmatic failures in the speech acts of their written messages. These pragmatic failures include using Korean honorifics improperly as well as asking questions and giving responses with inappropriate forms. Based on these findings, this study proposes that lessons of gradually increasing in difficulty on Korean honorifics and politeness strategies should be provided in order to improve learners' Korean pragmalinguistic competence. It also recommends that explicit teaching on Korean sociolinguistic customs should be provided to improve their sociopragmatic competence. .

통번역 전공생을 위한 외국어로서의 한국어 교육 연구: <한국어 숙달> 교과의 설계 및 운영 사례를 중심으로

윤창숙 한국언어과학회 2022 언어과학 Vol.29 No.1

This paper explores one way of designing and managing a Korean language course for international students who major in translation, based on a case study of a graduate course entitled ‘Proficiency in Korean’. There are five principles reflected here: a learner-centered approach, consideration of lea`rner needs, use of authentic materials, enhancement of cross-cultural knowledge, and acknowledgment of affective factors of the learner. Key materials include a weather forecast text, a TV lecture, a Youtube video advertising a Korean public institution, and a TV interview. Main activities include shadowing for speaking skills and a back translation for writing skills. More detailed examples of conducting the course that focus on using a Korean weather forecast video and manuscript are provided. Also, suggestions to help KFL teachers design and manage a similar course in the future are outlined. This study differentiates itself from other related research works, which are still very few in number, in that it proposes a concrete and comprehensive pedagogical approach for translation education for an entire semester including a variety of activities rather than focusing on a single activity such as back translation.

한・중 교육부 소개 텍스트의 어휘 대조 연구 - 가짜 대응어(false friends)를 중심으로

윤창숙 가천대학교 아시아문화연구소 2022 아시아문화연구 Vol.60 No.-

This study compares and contrasts the vocabulary used in written texts of Korean and Chinese focusing on false friends in order to make teaching suggestions for Korean-Chinese translation education. To achieve this goal, actual texts used in the ministries of education of Korea and China, which introduce their respective organizations and give job descriptions, are analyzed. As a result, three types of false friends are identified: false friends with totally different meaning, false friends with partially different meaning, and false friends of different preference in use. The first type may not be a significant hindrance to acquisitions once students of both languages learn the meaning of false friends. However, the second type of false friends requires learners to pay extra attention since the word collocations are likely to differ between the two languages. The third type of false friends includes pairs of words that have the same meaning and can frequently be used interchangeably between Korean and Chinese; however, a synonym of the false friend rather than the false friend itself is used in the analyzed texts. This study differs from previous ones in that it examines original texts created and used in the two languages. 본 연구는 실제 사용되는 한국어와 중국어 텍스트의 어휘를 대조하여 번역자나 이중언어 학습자가 주의해야 할 어휘에는 어떤 것들이 있는지 살펴보고 그 결과를 바탕으로 번역 교육과 이중언어 교육에 시사점을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 번역학의 '대응'과 '등가' 개념을 바탕으로 한국 교육부와 중국 교육부의 조직과 업무를 소개하는 텍스트를 분석하고 관련 어휘를 추출한 다음 텍스트에 나타난 가짜 대응어를 유형별로 제시하였다. 한・중 교육부 텍스트에 쓰인 가짜 대응어의 유형은 의미가 완전히 다른 경우, 공기 관계가 다른 경우, 선호가 다른 경우로 분류되었다. 의미가 완전히 다른 가짜 대응어는 일단 학습이 되고 나면 오류 발생 가능성이 낮다는 점에서 큰 문제가 되지 않는다. 공기 관계가 다른 가짜 대응어는 의미가 부분적으로 일치하지만 어감이 다르거나 함께 쓰이는 단어가 달라진다는 점에서 번역과 학습에서 더 큰 주의가 요구된다. 이를 위해서는 유의 관계 등 각 언어의 어휘 체계 내 개별 단어의 특성을 바탕으로 하여 두 언어의 어휘 체계 특성을 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 선호가 다른 가짜 대응어는 의미가 동일하여 그대로 써도 무방하지만 양국 언어 사용자가 특정 장르의 텍스트에서 선택하는 어휘가 달라질 수 있으므로, 원어민에 가까운 표현을 구사하고자 하는 번역자나 학습자가 참고할 가치가 있다. 한국과 중국 교육부의 실제 텍스트 어휘를 대조한 본 연구의 결과가 이중언어 교육과 번역 교육 및 기계번역 성능 향상에 도움이 되기를 희망하며, 언어 간 실제 텍스트 분석 중심의 연구 활성화에 보탬이 되기를 바란다.

형태 초점 접근법을 활용한 한국어 호칭어·지칭어 교육 방안 연구 -초급 학습자를 중심으로-

윤창숙,임진숙 우리말글학회 2019 우리말 글 Vol.83 No.-

This study intends to develop a teaching-learning model of Korean address/reference terms for elementary learners of Korean. Address/reference terms heavily contain sociolinguistic and pragmatic features. If a speaker fails to use them appropriately, it may cause a communication problem and/or misunderstanding about the speaker. However, current curriculum of Korean education does not include a explicit teaching-learning opportunity, which addresses the above-mentioned problems. In this paper, three suggestions are presented for teaching address/reference terms to elementary learners of Korean: First, when the hearer’s social status is higher, titles such as ‘seonsaeng-nim(teacher)’ or words denoting the relationship such as ‘eon-ni(older sister)’ are used as address/reference terms; Second, when the social status is equal between the speaker and the hearer, the social distance factor should be considered next. If the speaker and hearer are close, then they use their names as address terms, and ‘na(I)’ or ‘neo(you)’ as reference terms; Third, when referring to a third person, pronouns are rarely used; titles and words denoting relationships substitute for pronouns. Based on these suggestions, teaching-learning models of referring family members and addressing/referencing a close friend or a senior classmate have been proposed utilizing Focus on Form Approach techniques, namely input enhancement, input processing, explicit explanation of rules, recast, and consciousness-raising tasks. Address/reference terms are not easy to use even for native Koreans. Naturally, teaching them to higher levels of Korean learners become more difficult and complicated. Korean society is changing rapidly and so is their language use. Therefore, as a further research, it is recommended to develop a teaching-learning model for intermediate and advanced learners of Korean based on contemporary use of Korean address/reference terms. 본 연구는 한국어 초급 학습자를 위한 구체적인 호칭어·지칭어 교육 방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 호칭어의 경우 대화상대자 요인, 즉 ‘지위’와 ‘친밀도’ 요인을 고려하여야 하며, 지칭어의 경우에는 인칭에 따라 한국어 개별 언어적 특성까지 고려하여 교육해야 한다. 호칭어·지칭어를 적절하게 사용하지 못하면 원활한 의사소통에 어려움을 겪게 되고 심지어 화자와 청자 간의 사회적 관계에도 악영향을 줄 우려가 있다. 그럼에도 현행 한국어 교육에서는 이에 대한 명시적 교육이 제공되지 않으며, 이로 인해 학습자들이 사용상의 어려움을 겪게 될 우려가 있다. 본 논문에서는 현행 한국어 호칭어·지칭어 교육의 문제점을 제기하면서 초급 학습 단계에서부터 호칭어·지칭어를 학습 목표로 제시하고 유창성과 정확성을 동시에 향상시킬 수 있는 형태 초점 접근법을 활용하여 교수-학습할 것을 제안하였다. 구체적인 교수-학습 방안으로는 학습자가 사용상의 어려움을 보이는 ‘가족 지칭어’와 ‘친한 친구 사이/선후배 사이의 호칭어·지칭어 교수-학습 방안을 중심으로 입력 강화, 명시적 설명 제공, 의식 고양 과제 등 형태 초점 접근법의 다양한 기법을 활용하여 제시하였다.

한국어 학습자를 위한 역사 교육 방안 연구–한중일 3국의 개항을 중심으로-

윤창숙 동북아시아문화학회 2019 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.58

This paper introduces an instructional model of Korean history for learners of Korean language. The ultimate goal of language learning is to improve communicative skills and content-based instruction is considered highly efficient method of facilitating language learning. In this paper, history is employed as the content of the instruction for learners of Korean language from China and Japan. Significant periods of history of the three nations are closely intertwined so the learners are knowledgeable and familiar with the topic. This should help them to understand the content of the history lesson when presented in the classroom and thus facilitate acquisition of Korean language skills. Prior to presenting ideas for teaching history, selected textbooks of Korean language used at major Korean language education centers in Korea have been studied to assess what is included in terms of history education. The analysis results indicate that most textbooks do not fully cover any specific periods of history such as the 19th century, when Korea, China, and Japan started opening up to the outside world. They only explain isolated backgrounds of historic figures such as King Sejong and Admiral Lee Soon-shin, or famous sites like Bulkusa (temple) in Gyeongju and Gyeongheegung (palace) in Seoul. Also, the analysis reveals that facts on Korean history were provided without an opportunity for exchanging cross-cultural views. In this respect, this paper suggests an instructional model of Korean history where learners from China and Japan can compare and contrast the circumstances surrounding the start of diplomatic relations by Korea, China, and Japan with foreign nations in the 19th century. While focusing on the content of history, learners are also provided with language learning materials, which will help them improve their communicative skills.

외국인 대학원생을 위한 학위논문쓰기 교재모형 연구

윤창숙 한국언어문화교육학회 2020 언어와 문화 Vol.16 No.3

This study proposes a model for a textbook on thesis writing designed for international students at Korean graduate schools. Thesis writing requires an understanding of distinctive features of the thesis writing genre as well as intense training in the actual writing process. Extensive research has been conducted on difficulties international students face in writing theses in Korean and has suggested ways to improve their writing; however, there are virtually no effective textbooks available reflecting the results of these studies. In addition, research discussing development of an effective textbook itself is almost non-existent. This study suggests designing a textbook which guides students in following the norms for Korean thesis writing and takes into consideration that international students need to receive sufficient input on the standard components of a Korean thesis and commonly used formulaic expressions. In this textbook model, students will be given ample opportunities to examine features of a Korean thesis prior to writing exercise in order that they fully understand how to organize and write a thesis in Korean .

한국어 요청 화행의 언어 유형론적 분석 시론(試論)

윤창숙,박소영 언어과학회 2022 언어과학연구 Vol.- No.103

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