비듬을 유발하는 원인균의 성장억제에 필요한 10종류 Essential Oil의 사용 적정량 정량화 연구

육영삼 한국산학기술학회 2022 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.23 No.8

We intended to measure the appropriate quantities of essential oils (EOs) that inhibitdandruff -causing bacteria for product development (dandruff treatment/cosmetics) and manufacture ofclinical beauty products using EOs as raw material. The scalp microorganisms used in the study were Malassezia furfur (M. furfur), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), and Escherichia coli (E. coli)and the EOs evaluated were True Lavender, Lime, Roman chamomile, Rosemary camphor, Cedarwood,Geranium, Clove, Tea tree, Palmarosa, and Peppermint. The method utilized was in accordance with the“Standard Plate Count Method” of the “Food and Food Additives Code”. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for M. furfur, E. coli, and S. epidermidis were measured to quantify the appropriate amounts to be used. The results showed that the appropriate amounts of EOs were as follows: Roman chamomile 0.5%, Clove 2.0% and Tea tree 2.0% for inhibiting M. furfur and True Lavender 1.0%, Lime 1.0%, Roman chamomile 1.0%, Rosemary camphor 1.0% for E. coli, geranium 0.1%, Clove 0.1%, Tea tree 0.5%, Palmarosa 0.5% and Peppermint 1.0% were measured, S. epidermidis was inhibited by True Lavender 1.0%, Geranium 0.5%, Clove 0.5%, Tea tree 0.5% and Palmarosa 1.0%. In this study, by identifying the amount of EOs, which have antibacterial effects against dandruff-causing bacteria, the basis for using EOs in product development and the clinical beauty fields was prepared. To establish EOs as major materials in skin care, more tests (tests for the appropriate amount of use by EO concentration), standardization of EO (by production region [climate, soil], and products), antibacterial activity against dandruff-causing bacteria, and safety tests of EO should be conducted and depending on the results of these tests, EO could find use in many fields in the future. This study was conducted from August 2021 to May 2022. 비듬 유발균을 억제하는 EO의 사용 적정량을 측정하여 EO를 원료로 하는 제품 개발과 임상 미용에 활용하고자합니다. 연구에 사용된 두피 미생물과 EO들은 M. furfur, S. epidermidis, E. coli이며, true Lavender, Lime,Roman chamomile, Rosemary camphor, Cedarwood, Geranium, Clove, Tea tree, Palmalosa, Peppermint이며, 연구방법은 “식품 및 식품첨가물 공전”의 “표준평판법”에 따랐다. M. furfur, E. coli, S. epidermidis에 대한Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC)를 측정하여 사용 적정량을 정량화하였다. 사용 적정량의 결과는, M.furfur에서 Roman chamomile 0.5%, Clove 2.0%와 Tea tree 2.0%가 측정되었으며, E. coli에서는 True Lavender1.0%, Lime 1.0%, Roman chamomile 1.0%, Rosemary camphor 1.0%, Geranium 0.1%, Clove 0.1%, Teatree 0.5%, Palmarosa 0.5%와 Peppermint 1.0%가 측정되었고, S. epidermidis는 True Lavender 1.0%,Geranium 0.5%, Clove 0.5%, Tea tree 0.5%와 Palmarosa 1.0%로 측정되었다. 본연구에서 비듬 유발균에 대하여 항균 효과가 있는 EO의 사용 적정량을 규명함으로써, 제품개발(비듬 치료제·화장품) 및 임상 미용(Clinic Beauty) 분야에서 EO를 사용할 수 있는 근거를 마련하였고, EO가 피부미용관리에 있어 주요 물질로 자리매김하기 위해서는, EO에 대한 더 많은 시험 (EO의 농도별 사용 적정량 시험과 EO의 표준화 (생산지역별(기후, 토양), 제품별)과 비듬 유발균에 대한 항균시험과 EO의 안전성 시험)이 수행되어야 한다. 이 연구는 2021년 8월에서 2022년 5월까지 수행하였다.

H₂O₂ Generating Ability and Multi-Drug Resistance of Lactic Acid Bacteria Required for Long-Term Inpatient Treatment with Antibiotic Resistance

육영삼 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2022 International journal of advanced smart convergenc Vol.11 No.4

Purpose: In our study, in order to find lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with multi-drug resistance to antibiotics, we isolated 140 strains from 15 types of kimchi commercially available in Korea and 20 types of Kimchi made at home from January to December in 2016, and investigated their H₂O₂ generating ability and multidrug resistance to antibiotics. Methods: In order to observe the H₂O₂ generation ability of LAB, we performed the experiment with methods such as Rabe, Hillier, and Kang. To test the antibacterial susceptibility of LAB, we used the disc agar diffusion method using MRS agar (Difco, USA) according to the CLSI and WHO test methods. There are 18 types of antibiotic discs used. Results: Out of the total numbers of 140 strains, 6 strains of Ent. Faecium, 25 strains of L. plantarum, 1 strain of L. rhamnosus, 3 strains of L. sakei, 1 strain of L. acidophilus, 1 strains St. thermophilus, and 7 of unidentified strains generated H₂O₂ . The antibiotic susceptibility of Ent. Faecium indicated SXT, OX, NA, and E; and the antibiotic susceptibility of L. plantarum indicated NA; and the antibiotic susceptibility of St. thermophilus indicated NA, CC, RA, CTT, CM, and P ; and the antibiotic susceptibility of L. rhamnosus indicated SXT, VA, NA and CTT; and the antibiotic susceptibility of 6 strains of L. sakei indicated SXT, OX, NOR, NA, CTT and CIP, all indicating antibiotic resistance. In the case of multi-drug resistance to antibiotics for 53 strains of L. antarum, 8-drug resistance was the most common with 25 strains, followed by 7-drug-resistant strains with 18 strains, 9-drug-resistant strains with 4 strains, 6-drug-resistant strains with 3 strains, 5-drug-resistant strains with 2 strains, and 17-drug-resistant strains with 1 strain. In the case of multi-drug resistance to antibiotics for Ent. Faecium 27 strains, 9-drug resistance was most commonly identified as 9 strains, 8-drug resistance was identified as 6 strains, 7- and 11 drug resistances were identified as 4 strains each, and 4- and 6-drug resistances were identified as 1 strain each. Conclusion: Ent. Faecium, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, L. sakei, and St. thermophilus, shown to have anantibacterial activity in previous studies on LAB and shown to have and H₂O₂ generating ability, antibiotic resistance and multi-drug resistance in this study, are expected to be able to play an excellent role for long-term inpatients to use as an alternative to antibiotics and to cope with emerging antibiotic resistance.

Function of Blending Essential Oil in the Development of Anti-Dandruff Products

육영삼 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2022 International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting an Vol.14 No.3

Purpose: In this paper, we show our blending ratio of 10 types of Essential Oils that survives beneficial bacteria and kills harmful bacteria in the scalp, and we investigate the possibility of application of our blending ratio to the development of anti-dandruff products and the possibility of being used as a raw material for clinical beauty and customized cosmetics. Methods: The scalp microorganisms used in our study were M. furfur, S. epidermidis, E. coli, and P. nitroreducens. There are a total of 10 Essential Oils such as True Lavender, Lime, Roman chamomile, Rosemary camphor, Cedarwood, Geranium, Clove, Tea tree, Palmalosa, and Peppermint. The antibacterial test of the blended Essential Oil was carried out according to the test method of the standardized evaluation methodology of “Food and Food Additives Code”. Since M. furfur is related to the growth of sebum in the scalp, in this study we used the fnLNB and the fnLNA with 20 ㎖ of whole fat cow milk added. Results: The blending ratio of EO, which inhibits dandruff-causing bacteria such as M. furfur, S. epidermidis, E. coli, and does not inhibit P. nitroreducens showing dominant growth in a healthy scalp, was B8(Clove 0.2%, Roman chamomile 0.5%, Tea tree 0.3%), B9(Geranium 0.1%, Palmarosa 0.1%, Roman chamomile 0.5%, Tea tree 0.3%), B10(Clove 0.1%, Geranium 0.1%, Palmarosa 0.1%, Roman chamomile 0.5%, Tea tree 0.2%). Conclusion: It is thought that the blending ratio of BEO obtained as a result of this study can provide a basis for use as an alternative to antibiotics in developing anti-dandruff drugs and emerge as a new alternative to solve scalp microbial imbalance. In order for EO to be used as a useful raw material for anti-dandruff preparation, researches on 1) Standardization (the effects of products differ according to the types, regions, climate, extraction methods, etc.), 2) Antimicrobial effects, 3) Safety, etc., must be established.

Probiotics의 병원성미생물에 대한 길항적 억제효과

육영삼,이영기,김가연 한국산학기술학회 2019 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.20 No.12

To investigate the antagonistic inhibitory effects in a mixed culture between probiotics and various pathogenic microorganisms, 140 probiotics were identified using a 16 rRNA sequencing phylogenetic analysis method, and various probiotics strains were isolated from Korean kimchi from January to December 2016. The antagonistic inhibition test of a mixed culture of four probiotics (Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Lactobacillus reuteri) with excellent antimicrobial activity and six pathogenic microorganisms (Candida albicans, Salmonella Enteritidis, E. coli O157:H7, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa)showed that the growth of most probiotics strains increased normally after culture, but growth was inhibited almost completely in most pathogenic microorganisms, except for S. Enteritidis. This antagonistic inhibitory effect in vitro was attributed to the low pH of the lactic acid and organic acid produced during fermentation. As a result, four probiotics strains isolated from Korean Kimchi are very likely to be developed as therapeutic agents for female yeast infections and colon and skin care. In the future, these therapeutic agents will help improve public health related to probiotics. Probiotics와 다양한 병원성 미생물간의 혼합배양에서의 길항적 억제효과를 조사하기 위해 2016년 1월부터 12월까지 국내 김치로부터 다양한 probiotics 균주를 분리하여 16S rRNA sequencing을 통한 계통학적 분석을 통해 140주의 프로바이오틱스를 동정하였다. 이중 항균력이 우수한 probiotics 4종(Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Lactobacillus reuteri )과 병원성 미생물 6종 (Candida albicans, Salmonella Enteritidis, E. coli O157:H7, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa)간의 혼합배양에서의 길항적 억제시험에서 probiotics 균주들은 대부분 배양 후에 균수가 정상적으로 크게 증가했지만 C. albicans를 포함하여 대부분의 병원성미생물들은 S. Enteritidis 를 제외하고 거의 완전하게 성장이 억제되었다. 이러한 in vitro 에서의 길항적 억제효과는 생성된 젖산과 유기산등의 낮은 pH에 의한 효과인 것으로 생각된다. 이상의 결과로 한국 김치에서 분리된 probiotics 균주 4종은 여성질염, 대장 및 피부관리 관련 치료제로써의 개발 가능성이 매우 큰 것으로 생각되며 향후 이러한 치료제는 probiotics 관련 국민건강 및 보건향상에 크게 기여할 것으로 생각된다.

ZnO/SiO₂ 나노 입자의 화학적 합성과 광촉매 및 항균성 특성에 관한 연구

김재욱,육영삼,김종규,Kim, Jae-Uk,Yuk, Young-Sam,Kim, Jong-Gyu 대한화학회 2017 대한화학회지 Vol.61 No.4

In this paper, a $ZnO/SiO_2$ nano-composite was prepared by a simple chemical method at room temperature. For the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), a sonochemical method was used, and $SiO_2$ NPs were prepared by precipitation method. The formation of $ZnO/SiO_2$ NCs was characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and confirmed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy(FT-IR). The photocatalytic properties of $ZnO/SiO_2$ NCs formed at different concentrations of $SiO_2$ were evaluated by rhodamine-B dye. It was confirmed that increasing $SiO_2$ concentration resulted in an increase in the photocatalytic property. In addition, the antibacterial activity of $ZnO/SiO_2$ NCs was conducted against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). As a result, the antibacterial activities of E.coli and S. aureus were increased in the presence of thick SiO NPs layer. 본 논문은 $ZnO/SiO_2$를 나노 복합체(nano-compositions : NCs) 크기로 상온에서 화학적 방법으로 합성하였다. ZnO는 초음파 합성법으로 제조를 하였으며, $SiO_2$는 침전 방법을 이용하여 제조 하였다. $ZnO/SiO_2$의 구조적인 특성을 파악하기 위해 X-선회절 분석기(XRD), 주사전자현미경(FE-SEM), 푸리에 변환 적외선 스펙트럼(FT-IR)를 이용하여 $ZnO/SiO_2$가 형성되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 광촉매적 특성을 판단하기 위해 $SiO_2$의 농도별로 제조된 $ZnO/SiO_2$를 Rhodamine-B 시약을 이용하여 광촉매 특성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 $SiO_2$의 농도가 증가할수록 광촉매 특성이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 $ZnO/SiO_2$를 가지고 항균성 실험을 진행하였다. 실험에 사용된 균(cell)은 대장균(E. coli)과 황색포도상구균(S. aureus)이다. 표면의 $SiO_2$층에 따른 항균 성실험을 진행한 결과 $SiO_2$ 층이 증가 할수록 항균 효과가 증가하는 것을 확인 할 수 있다.

Probiotics의 병원성 미생물에 대한 억제효과와 항균제 내성

김재수,육영삼,김가연 대한임상검사과학회 2019 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.51 No.3

To investigate the inhibition effect on pathogenic microbes and the antimicrobial resistance of probiotics, a total of 140 probiotics were isolated from 35 kinds of Korean commercially available Kimchi. Of those, L. plantarum was identified from 53 strains (37.9%), E. faecium from 27 strains (19.3%), and L. rhamnosus from 7 strains (5.0%) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Sixty nine strains (49.3%) showed overall antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microbes, namely S.Typhi, S. Enteritidis, E. coli O157:H7, S. flexneri, NAG Vibrio, Listeria monocytogenesis, Y.enterocolitica, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, G. vaginalis, C. albicans, and P. acne. The proportions of L..plantarum, E. faecium, and L. rhamnosus strains to pathogenic microbes were 75.5%, 40.7%, and 28.6%, respectively. In addition, a resistance test with 18 antimicrobial agents using a disk diffusion assay revealed a resistance incidence of 98.6% for nalidixic acid, 83.6% for streptomycin, 75.7% for gentamicin 73.6% for vancomycin, 72.1% for norfloxacin, and 67.9% for ciprofloxacin. In conclusion, L. plantarum, L. sakei, and E. faecium strains with various antimicrobial activities and broad antibiotic resistance are useful for treating diarrhea in long-term inpatients and for the alternative use for treating Candida species female vaginitis. 국내시판 김치로부터 분리한 probiotics의 병원생 미생물에대한 억제효과와 항균제 내성을 조사하기 위해 35종의 국내시판 김치에서 총 140주의 probiotics를 분리하였으며, 16S rRNA 염기서열 분석을 통해 L. plantarum이 53주(37.9%), E. faecium 27주(19.3%) 그리고 L. rhamnosus 7주(5.0%) 순으로동정되었고, 12종(species)의 다양한 병원성 미생물 즉 S. Typhi, S. Enteritidis, E. coli O157:H7, S. flexneri, NAG Vibrio, L. monocytogenesis, Y. enterocolitica, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, G. vaginalis, C. albicans, P. acne에 대한 전체적인항균성은 69주(49.3%)이었으며, 균종별로 살펴보면 L. plantarum 75.5%, L. sakei 66.7%, E. faecium 40.7%, 그리고L. rhamnosus 28.6% 순이었다. 또한 디스크 확산법에 의한 18 종의 다양한 계열의 항균제에 대한 내성시험 결과 nalidixic acid가 98.6%의 내성을, S 83.6%, gentamicin 75.7%, vancomycin 73.6%, norfloxacin 72.1%, 그리고 ciprofloxacin 67.9% 순으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 실험에서 다양한 항균활성과 광범위한 항생제 내성을 지닌 L. plantarum, L. sakei, 그리고 E. faecium 균주가 장기 항생제 치료환자에 대한 유용한설사 치료용 및 Candida 속이 야기하는 여성질염 치료제로서의 사용이 유용할 것으로 생각된다.

ZnO/SiO2 나노 입자의 화학적 합성과 광촉매 및 항균성 특성에 관한 연구

김재욱,육영삼,김종규 대한화학회 2017 대한화학회지 Vol.61 No.4

In this paper, a ZnO/SiO2 nano-composite was prepared by a simple chemical method at room temperature. For the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), a sonochemical method was used, and SiO2 NPs were prepared by precipitation method. The formation of ZnO/SiO2 NCs was characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and confirmed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy(FT-IR). The photocatalytic properties of ZnO/SiO2 NCs formed at different concentrations of SiO2 were evaluated by rhodamine-B dye. It was confirmed that increasing SiO2 concentration resulted in an increase in the photocatalytic property. In addition, the antibacterial activity of ZnO/SiO2 NCs was conducted against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). As a result, the antibacterial activities of E.coli and S. aureus were increased in the presence of thick SiO NPs layer. 본 논문은 ZnO/SiO2를 나노 복합체(nano-compositions : NCs) 크기로 상온에서 화학적 방법으로 합성하였다. ZnO는 초 음파 합성법으로 제조를 하였으며, SiO2는 침전 방법을 이용하여 제조 하였다. ZnO/SiO2의 구조적인 특성을 파악하기 위해 X-선 회절 분석기(XRD), 주사전자현미경(FE-SEM), 푸리에 변환 적외선 스펙트럼(FT-IR)를 이용하여 ZnO/SiO2가 형성되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 광촉매적 특성을 판단하기 위해 SiO2의 농도별로 제조된 ZnO/SiO2를 Rhodamine-B 시약을 이용하여 광촉매 특성 을 평가하였다. 그 결과 SiO2의 농도가 증가할수록 광촉매 특성이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 ZnO/SiO2 를 가지고 항균 성 실험을 진행하였다. 실험에 사용된 균(cell)은 대장균(E. coli)과 황색포도상구균(S. aureus)이다. 표면의 SiO2층에 따른 항균성 실험을 진행한 결과 SiO2 층이 증가 할수록 항균 효과가 증가하는 것을 확인 할 수 있다.

Laboratory investigations of herpes simplex virus-1 and -2 clinical samples in Korea

오은주,육영삼,김재경 질병관리본부 2021 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.12 No.6

Objectives: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections have been reported in 60% to 95% of the adult population worldwide, making them one of the most common infectious conditions globally. HSV-1 and HSV-2 cause severe disease in immunocompromised patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide information that could be used to reduce the incidence of genital herpes caused by HSV-1 and HSV-2.Methods: From September 2018 to December 2020, 59,381 specimens were collected from outpatients across primary and secondary hospitals in Korea who requested U2Bio (Seoul, Korea) to conduct molecular biological testing of their samples for sexually transmitted infections. In this study, the positivity rates of HSV-1 and HSV-2 were analyzed according to age, sex, and specimen type.Results: In the age-specific analysis of HSV-1, the highest positivity rate (0.58%) was observed in patients under 19 years of age, whereas the lowest positivity rate (0.08%) was observed in patients aged over 70 years. In the age-specific analysis of HSV-2, the highest positivity rate (2.53%) was likewise observed in patients under 19 years of age.Conclusion: Our study identified differences in the infection rates of HSV-1 and HSV-2 depending on patients’ sex and age. These differences will be useful for improving disease prevention and control measures for HSV-1 and HSV-2.

The Antibacterial Activity of 17 Essential Oils against Escherichia coli

박정민,육영삼,이영기,김재경 한국피부과학연구원 2022 아시안뷰티화장품학술지 Vol.20 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 17 essential oils (EOs) on Escherichia coli (E. coli ), including their antibacterial activity according to the concentration used and its extraction site. Methods: All 17 EOs were prepared by step dilution at concentrations of 0.5% (v/v) and 1% (v/v). EOs were dispensed into 96-well plates with bacterial culture aliquots and incubated for 18 h; then, their absorbance was measured using a microplate reader. Results: Culture absorbance showed that thyme white (TM), palmarosa (PR) and rosemary verbenone (RM) at concentrations of 0.5% (v/v) and 1% (v/v) showed high antibacterial activity, similar to that of ampicillin. Melisa true (MS), RM, PR, lavender Bulgarian (LV), lemon (LM), peppermint premium (PM) and eucalyptus bluegum (EC) also showed increased antibacterial activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Finally, TM, MS, RM, PR, and lemongrass (LG) extracted from leaves showed higher antibacterial activity than extracts from other organs. Conclusion: TM extracted from leaves showed an excellent antibacterial effect; it exhibited bacterial growth at the same level of ampicillin. It is a natural substance that suppresses the action of bacteria in the inflammatory reaction of the skin and that may be used as a raw material for customized cosmetics.

천안 천호지에서 분리한 대장균의 항생제 내성에 관한 융합연구

이진경,이영기,육영삼,김가연 한국융합학회 2017 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.8 No.11

본 연구는 천안소재 천호저수지의 위생미생물학적 수준과 자연환경에서의 항생제 내성 분포를 파악하여 국민보건 향상에 이바지 하고자 하였다. 2013년 7월과 9월 3차에 걸쳐 위생지표세균인 대장균군수를 측정하고 수질 오염공정시험기준에 따라 분리 동정하였으며 국립보건원 항생제 감수성 표준시험법을 사용하여 항생제 내성 시험 을 하였다. 천호저수지의 평균 대장균군수는 2.0 x 103 CFU/mL이었으며 그 중 41%가 대장균으로 동정되었다. 대 장균의 항생제 내성은 Ampicillin 31.3%로 가장 높았으며 Ticarcillin 25.0%, Cefazolin 및 Cefoxitin 이 18.8% 이 었다. 융합다제내성은 4제내성이 38.5%, 6제 내성은 7.7%, 2제이상은 내성균의 92.3%를 차지하였다. 천호저수지는 시민들이 이용하는 공원으로 보건위생학적 수질관리를 위해 주기적인 위생미생물학적 연구와 항생제 내성에 관한 융합적인 관리가 필요하다. This study was to investigate the sanitary microbiological aspects of Cheonho Reservoir and its antibiotic resistance in the natural environment to contribute to the public healthcare improvement. Groups of coliforms, were counted at three sites of the Cheonho Reservoir in July and September 2013, and the isolates were identified according to the water pollution process test standards. Antibiotic resistance was evaluated using the Korea National Institute of Health’s standard antibiotic susceptibility test. The average coliform counts in Cheonho Reservoir were 2.0 × 103CFU/mL, 41% of which were identified as Escherichia coli(E. coli). Antibiotic resistance rate in E. coli isolated from Cheonho reservoir was highest in Ampicillin 31.3%, Ticarcillin 25.0%, Cefaxolin and Cefoxitin 18.8% respectively. Convergence multiple resistance patterns, 38,5% presented resistance to 4 durgs, 6 drugs resistance were 7.7%. The more than 2 drugs resistance were 92.3%. Cheonho Reservoir is a public park that accessible to the citizens, further convergence studies are needed to develop sanitary microbiological management practices and study antibiotic resistance of the reservoir.