The Princess 연구 : 빅토리안 형식의 낭만시 A Victorian Romantic Poem

유건상 한국강원영어영문학회 2000 영어영문학 Vol.19 No.2

Tennyson is one of the most representative Victorian poets and a representative man of the nineteenth century. It's not only because he reflected vital parts of the Victorian experiences in his poems, but because his contemporaries recognized him as a leader of their culture and thoughts. That $quot;Tennysonian$quot; became through the years unavoidably synonymous with $quot;Victorian,$quot; though the Queen Victoria rather than the poet lent her name to the age, shows the general public's reliance on him and his contribution to his age. But he could not satisfy the only role as a spokesman to his age who the society wanted. He continuously came into conflict between the poet as a public leader and the poet as an aesthetic recluse. Actually, his poetic value was displayed in the poems that concerned with the Romantic sensibility, and almost always he was interested in making poetry to satisfy the demands of his subjective imagination. The Princess--a medley--is the result of the poet's acquiescence to the demands that he write poetry relating to the problems of the age. It was appropriate for the age for which it was written. For the age itself was a medley. From this point of view, The Princess reflects its age even in structure. Moreover, in this poem, Tennyson seems to find a resolution to his uncertainties concerning the function of the poet: from belief in the poet as one who sings only for the joy and beauty of song he moves to belief in the poet as the public leader. But even though his view of the poet has changed, he is not entirely a changed poet. For in this poem, he continues to enrich his poetry with his own private vision into the realms of the Romantic imagination. In this sense, we can say that The Princess is a Victorian Romantic poem.

Comparative Study on Adsorptive Characteristics of Diazinon in Water by Various Adsorbents

유건상,Sun Young Jung,Hun Sim,최종하 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.9

The aim of the present study is to explore the possibility of utilizing fly ash and loess, as alternative to activated carbon, for the adsorption of diazinon in water. Batch adsorption experiment was performed to evaluate the influences of various factors like initial concentration, contact time and temperature on the adsorption of diazinon. The adsorption data shows that fly ash is not effective for the adsorption of diazinon. The equilibrium data for both activated carbon and loess were fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm model. The pseudo-secondorder kinetic model appeared to be the better-fitting model because it has higher R2 compared to the pseudofirst- order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters such as free energy (ΔG), the enthalpy (ΔH) and the entropy (ΔS) were calculated. Contrary to loess, the ΔG values of activated carbon were negative at the studied temperatures. It indicates that the adsorption of diazinon by activated carbon is a favorable and spontaneous process. The positive ΔH values of activated carbon and loess suggest that the diazinon adsorption process is endothermic in nature. In addition, the positive ΔS values show that increased randomness occurs at the solid/ solution surface during the adsorption of diazinon.

여러 흡착제를 이용한 변압기 오일 중의 PCBs 흡착특성에 관한 비교연구

유건상,홍용표,안찬주,Ryoo, Keon Sang,Hong, Yong Pyo,Ahn, Chun Ju 대한화학회 2012 대한화학회지 Vol.56 No.6

현 연구의 목적은 변압기 오일에 있는 PCBs의 흡착 제거를 위해 활성탄, 황토, 비산재의 이용 가능성을 탐구하는 것이다. 흡착 실험에서 온도(5, 25, 55), 접촉시간(30분-3일), 흡착제의 양(1, 2.5, 5, 10 g)과 같은 인자들의 영향을 조사하였다. 60분의 흡착평형시간에서 활성탄에 의한 변압기 오일로부터 PCBs의 흡착율이 황토보다 더 우수하였다. 활성탄과 황토의 흡착 평형 데이터는 Freundlich 등온 모델 식에 적합하였다. 5, 25 그리고 $55^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 각 흡착제의 PCBs 흡착 속도상수와 활성화 에너지를 속도 모델을 통하여 알아보았다. 열역학 자료들로부터 변압기 오일/활성탄과 황토 계에서의 PCBs 흡착 공정이 자발적이며 흡열반응이라는 것이 확인되었다. The aim of the present study is to explore the possibility of utilizing loess and fly ash as well as activated carbon for the adsorptive removal of PCBs in transformer oil. Here, we investigated the effect of various factors such as temperature (5, 25, 55), contact time (30 min-3 day) and adsorbent does (1, 2.5, 5, 10 g) in detail. It was found that PCBs adsorption rate from transformer oil by activated carbon is more favored than loess at the equilibrium time of 60 minutes. The equilibrium data for both activated carbon and loess is fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm model. The rate constant and activation energy of PCBs adsorption in transformer oil on each adsorbent was analyzed by fitting a kinetic model at 5, 25 and $55^{\circ}C$. From the thermodynamic parameters, the PCBs adsorption process for transformer oil/activated carbon and loess system is spontaneous and endothermic in nature.

테니슨의 『시편들』(1842) 연구: 시인과 시대

유건상 한국중앙영어영문학회 2010 영어영문학연구 Vol.52 No.4

Tennyson is well known as one of the most representative Victorian poets and a representative man of the nineteenth century, and there can be no other opinions in this matter. It's not only because he reflected vital parts of the Victorian experiences in his poems, but because his contemporaries recognized him as a leader of their culture and thoughts. That “Tennysonian” became through the years unavoidably synonymous with “Victorian” shows the general public’s reliance on him and his contribution to his age. But he could not satisfy the only role as a spokesman to his age whom the society wanted. He continuously came into conflict between the poet as a public leader and the role as an aesthetic recluse. He was the poet who was more sensitive to the social demand than any other poet in his age. But in an effort to satisfy the public need, Tennyson was torn between two impulses: his natural bent and public’s insistence. His natural bent was for intensely personal expressions. But to provide a firm guidance in the problems of his age, was a task that sometimes appalled him. The result was a conflict between the poet as a public leader and the poet as an aesthetic recluse which is manifested in Poems(1842). He tried to find a reconciliation between the two voices in it. To examine this process is the purpose of this paper.

안동지역 하천의 환경오염물질과 곤충면역 생체지표 분석

유건상,고성운,조성환,이화성,김용균,Ryoo Keon Sang,Ko Seong-Oon,Cho Sunghwan,Lee Hwasung,Kim Yonggyun 한국응용곤충학회 2005 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.44 No.2

경북 안동지역의 10개 하천 및 하천 주변으로부터 2004년 5월에 물, 토양, 퇴적물의 시료를 채취하였다. 이들 지역의 환경오염 수준을 평가하기 위해 표준공정시험법이나 U.S. EPA 법을 이용하여 시료 중의 총질소, 총인, 화학적 산소요구량, 중금속, 유기인 및 유기염소계 잔류농약, 그리고 dioxin-like PCBs 등의 오염물질의 분석을 실시하였으며, 이와 더불어 파밤나방(Spodoptera exigua)을 이용한 면역교란의 생체지표 분석을 병행하였다. 일반적으로 총질소가 9.12 mg/L 수준의 와야천을 제외하고는, 각 하천 중의 총질소, 총인, 화학적 산소요구량은 환경부에서 정한 허용기준치보다는 비교적 낮았다. 각 하천 시료 중의 납과 카드뮴의 함량은 허용 기준보다도 매우 낮았지만, 하천에 따라 차이가 있어서 미천, 길안천, 현하천의 납과 카드뮴 함유량은 다른 하천의 시료들에 비해서 몇 배 이상 높게 검출되었다. 잔류농약은 미천 주변의 토양에서 유기인계 살충제인 다이아지논, 파라치온, 그리고 펜토에이트가 0.19, 0.40, $1.13\;{\mu}g/g$ 농도로 검출되었다. 반면에 내분비계 교란물질로 알려져 있는 16종의 유기염소계 농약과 12종의 dioxin-like PCB congeners는 검출한계 미만으로는 확인할 수 없었다. 그러나 와야천의 시료에 대한 곤충면역 교란효과를 고려해 볼 때, 이 하천의 수질과 주변의 토양이 조사한 오염원 이외의 화합물에 오염되어 있을 가능성을 제시해 준다. 이상의 분석 결과를 토대로 화학적 및 생물학적 검정 기술의 제약점과 상호 보완성이 기술되었다. Samples of water, soil, and sediment were taken from 10 streams near Andong, Korea in May 2004. To assess the degree of environmental pollution of each stream, chemical pollutants such as total notrogen (T-N), total phosphorus (T-P), chemical oxygen demand (COD), heavy metals, organophosphorus pesticides, organochlorine pesticides, and dioxin-like PCB congeners were analyzed by standard process tests or U.S. EPA methods. In addition, biomarkers originated from insect immune systems of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, were used to analysis of the environmental samples. Except Waya-chun stream showing T-N content of 9.12 mg/L, most streams were contaminated with relatively low levels of overall pollutants in terms of T-N, T-P, and COD, compared to their acceptable environmental levels designated by the Ministry of Environment. Contents of Pb and Cd in samples of each stream were much lower than environmentally permissible levels. However, several times higherconcentrations of Pb and Cd were found in locations at Mi-chun, Kilan-chun, and Hyunha-chun streams, in comparison with other streams. Diazinon, parathion, and phenthoate compounds among organophosphorus pesticides were detected as concentrations of 0.19, 0.40, and $1.13\;{\mu}g/g$, respectively, from soil sample collected in the vicinity of Mi-chun stream. On the other hand, 16 organochlorine pesticides and 12 dioxin-like PCB congeners, known as endocrine disrupting chemicals, selected in this study were not found above the limit of detection. Biomarker analyses using insect immune responses indicated that Waya-chun stream was suspected as exposure to environmental pollutants. Limitation and compensation of both environmental analysis techniques are discussed.

정적 초임계유체 방식에 의한 토양 중의 PCBs 추출

유건상,이원경,홍용표,오인경,김용균,Ryoo, Keon-Sang,Lee, Won-Kyoung,Hong, Yong-Pyo,Oh, In-Gyung,Kim, Yong-Gyun 대한화학회 2003 대한화학회지 Vol.47 No.6

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) known as environmental contaminants in soil were analyzed by the soil pollution standard process test and the static supercritical $CO_2$ extraction mode. It was shown that the percent average recoveries of PCBs by the soil pollution standard process test were ranged in 25-35% and the corresponding standard deviations were above 10%. In contrast, the percent average recoveries of PCBs by the static supercritical $CO_2$ extraction mode were 2-2.5 times higher and standard deviations were within 7%. These results indicate that static supercritical $CO_2$ extraction mode may be a useful alternative to sample pretreatment certified by the soil pollution standard process test. The increasing supercritical $CO_2$ pressure from 1130 psi to 1996 psi at $40^{\circ}C$ enhanced the recovery of all PCB congeners from soil. However, at same Tc and Pc, the equilibrium time (5 versus 60 minutes) had no effect on the recovery of each PCB congener. Finally, similar PCB recoveries were obtained under the same extraction condition, regardless of the molecular weight and structure (coplanar versus non-coplanar) of PCB congeners. 토양오염표준공정시험법과 정적 초임계 $CO_2$ 추출방식을 사용하여 환경오염물질로 알려져 있는 토양 중의 PCBs를 분석하였다. 토양오염표준공정시험법에 의한 PCBs의 평균회수율은 25-35%의 범위였으며 표준편차는 10%를 초과하였다. 이와는 대조적으로, 정적 초임계 $CO_2$ 추출방식에 의한 PCBs의 평균회수율은 토양오염표준공정시험법보다도 2-2.5배 높았으며 표준편차는 7% 이내였다. 이러한 결과들은 정적 초임계 $CO_2$ 추출방식이 토양오염표준공정시험법에서 공인된 시료전처리과정을 대체할 수 있을 가능성을 제시하고 있다. $40^{\circ}C$의 일정한 온도에서 점차적으로 초임계 $CO_2$의 압력을 1130 psi에서 1196 psi로 증가시킴에 따라 토양으로부터 PCB congener의 회수율도 역시 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 같은 추출조건(같은 온도와 압력)에서 평형시간(5분과 60분)은 회수율의 어떠한 영향도 주지 않았다. 마지막으로, 각 PCB congener의 회수율은 같은 추출조건에서 PCB의 분자량이나 구조(coplanar versus non-coplanar)와는 관계없이 거의 비슷한 수준의 값을 보였다.

『서정시집』: 시인의 이상과 시대적 요구

유건상 한국중앙영어영문학회 2009 영어영문학연구 Vol.51 No.1

The age of Tennyson was the age of change and progress. During the reign of Queen Victoria, England attained a marvellous development throughout all over the areas of politics, economics, culture, and science. In this age of fast-paced expansion, the social function of the poet became a social issue. Victorians’ attitude toward the poet, as much as the poet’s own, was ambivalent. They inherited and in a sense gave more significances to the romantic view of the poet as hero and prophet. They demanded that the poet should guide and edify the public who were put in a spiritually impoverished condition of their society. So they bestowed on the poet the role of prophet and paid excessive tribute to his power for social good. They wanted help from the poet, and some writers complied with the public wish. Tennyson was the poet who was more sensitive to the social demand than any other poet in his age. But in an effort to satisfy the public need, Tennyson was torn between two impulses: his natural bent and public’s insistence. His natural bent was for intensely personal expressions. But to provide a firm guidance in the problems of his age, was a task that sometimes appalled him. The result was a conflict between the poet as a public leader and the poet as an aesthetic recluse which is manifested in Poems, Chiefly Lyrical(1830). To examine this process is the purpose of this paper.

내분비계교란물질인 PCB의 독성 및 환경에 끼치는 영향

유건상 안동대학교 환경연구소 2001 환경연구 Vol.1 No.-

PCB는 biphenyl frame에 있는 하나 이상의 수소원자가 염소로 치환된 물질을 총칭하며, 치환된 염소원자의 수와 위치에 따라 congener라 불리는 209개의 화합물로 구성되어 있다. ◁화학식 삽입▷(원문을 참조하세요) 209개의 PCB congeners는 biphenyl frame에 있는 염소원자의 위치에 따라서 평면구조나 비평면구조로 구별된다. Ortho 위치에 염소치환이 없는 경우나, 단지 하나만의 염소치환이 있는 경우에는 biphenyl frame은 평면구조인 상태로 있다. 그러나 ortho위치에 2개 이상의 염소원자가 치환되어 있을 때에는 염소 원자들간의 상호 입체효과(steric effect)로 인해 페닐링의 회전을 야기 시켜 biphenyl frame은 비평면구조를 나타낸다.

인문치료로 본 예이츠의 후기 시

유건상 한국중앙영어영문학회 2009 영어영문학연구 Vol.51 No.4

This study examines W. B. Yeats’s later poetry in The Tower, The Winding Stair and Other Poems, and Last Poems from the Perspective of Humanities Therapy. Humanities Therapy pursues mental health and happy living by preventing and curing mental and emotional problems of modern people with a humanistic spirit and method. One of its specific methodologies is poetry therapy. And the principle of poetry therapy that provides self-examination to those who suffer from mental crises coincides with the process of acceptance and recovery that Yeats found in his old age poetry. This process, of reading and writing poetry, is therapeutic because it helps people newly understand others and the world. In his old age, Yeats, who then had physical limitations, has more affection for a body that contains youth, sensuality, and power, than he had before. He then sails to the eternal spiritual world to be rewarded for his bodily decrepitude. However, he realizes that the soul exists within the body. The body and the soul have their real value when they are complementary and are one. Then, we can attain harmony. Yeats describes this state, employing images of dance and trees, in his poems, “Among School Children” and “Vacillation.” Therefore, Yeats’s long journey of conflict is complete, and he finally finds relief. In this sense, Yeats’s later poetry deals with the growth of the self and this theme coincides with the aim of poetry therapy.

Analytical Head-space Supercritical Fluid Extraction Methodology for the Determination of Organochlorine Compounds in Aqueous Matrix

유건상,고성운,홍용표,최종하,김용균,이원경 대한화학회 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.5