The Princess 연구 : 빅토리안 형식의 낭만시 A Victorian Romantic Poem

유건상 한국강원영어영문학회 2000 영어영문학 Vol.19 No.2

Tennyson is one of the most representative Victorian poets and a representative man of the nineteenth century. It's not only because he reflected vital parts of the Victorian experiences in his poems, but because his contemporaries recognized him as a leader of their culture and thoughts. That $quot;Tennysonian$quot; became through the years unavoidably synonymous with $quot;Victorian,$quot; though the Queen Victoria rather than the poet lent her name to the age, shows the general public's reliance on him and his contribution to his age. But he could not satisfy the only role as a spokesman to his age who the society wanted. He continuously came into conflict between the poet as a public leader and the poet as an aesthetic recluse. Actually, his poetic value was displayed in the poems that concerned with the Romantic sensibility, and almost always he was interested in making poetry to satisfy the demands of his subjective imagination. The Princess--a medley--is the result of the poet's acquiescence to the demands that he write poetry relating to the problems of the age. It was appropriate for the age for which it was written. For the age itself was a medley. From this point of view, The Princess reflects its age even in structure. Moreover, in this poem, Tennyson seems to find a resolution to his uncertainties concerning the function of the poet: from belief in the poet as one who sings only for the joy and beauty of song he moves to belief in the poet as the public leader. But even though his view of the poet has changed, he is not entirely a changed poet. For in this poem, he continues to enrich his poetry with his own private vision into the realms of the Romantic imagination. In this sense, we can say that The Princess is a Victorian Romantic poem.

Comparative Study on Adsorptive Characteristics of Diazinon in Water by Various Adsorbents

유건상,Sun Young Jung,Hun Sim,최종하 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.9

The aim of the present study is to explore the possibility of utilizing fly ash and loess, as alternative to activated carbon, for the adsorption of diazinon in water. Batch adsorption experiment was performed to evaluate the influences of various factors like initial concentration, contact time and temperature on the adsorption of diazinon. The adsorption data shows that fly ash is not effective for the adsorption of diazinon. The equilibrium data for both activated carbon and loess were fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm model. The pseudo-secondorder kinetic model appeared to be the better-fitting model because it has higher R2 compared to the pseudofirst- order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters such as free energy (ΔG), the enthalpy (ΔH) and the entropy (ΔS) were calculated. Contrary to loess, the ΔG values of activated carbon were negative at the studied temperatures. It indicates that the adsorption of diazinon by activated carbon is a favorable and spontaneous process. The positive ΔH values of activated carbon and loess suggest that the diazinon adsorption process is endothermic in nature. In addition, the positive ΔS values show that increased randomness occurs at the solid/ solution surface during the adsorption of diazinon.

Treatment of PCB-Laden Transformer Oil with Polyethylene Glycols and Alkaline Hydroxide

유건상,최종하,홍용표 대한화학회 2015 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.36 No.4

The direct disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in transformer oil by polyethylene glycols (PEGs) under basic condition is reported. The transformer oil containing PCBs was treated by the required amounts of PEGs and potassium hydroxide (KOH) for different reaction times and temperatures. Complete reaction produces aryl PEGs, which are the products of nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The relative efficiencies of the PCB treatment process were assessed in terms of destruction and removal efficiency (DRE, %). At the experimental conditions of 100 °C and 7 h, 125 °C and 3 h, and 150 °C and 1 h, average DREs of PCBs better than 99.9999% were attained. In studying the chemical reaction of PCBs with PEG/KOH, it was confirmed that the process led to less chlorinated PCBs through a stepwise process with the successive elimination of chlorines. Particularly, the least chlorinated PCBs such as mono- and di-PCBs were not produced in our study. Furthermore, the treated transformer oil can be reused through simple segregating procedures.

전분을 이용한 폐인조대리석의 재활용 기술에 관한 연구

유건상 대한화학회 2018 대한화학회지 Vol.62 No.6

The pyrolysis has been universally applied to recycle the waste artificial marble. However, the existing heat treatment equipment has relatively low heat transfer efficiency into the inner part of the waste artificial marble. Besides, it leads to unnecessary excessive gas during the partial carbonization of the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and raises the risk of fire due to heat at an extremely high temperature. This study suggests the process of pyrolysis at the formation state after adding the starch to waste artificial marble to overcome above-mentioned problems. As the result of experiments, this method showed that the pyrolysis of waste artificial marble was greatly improved at comparatively low temperature condition of 350 oC. Moreover, it also manifested the effect on securing the stability and energy savings necessary for the recovery of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and α-alumina (α-Al2O3). 일반적으로 열분해가 폐인조대리석을 재활용하기 위해 적용되어 왔다. 그러나 기존의 열처리 장치는 폐인조대리석 내 부로의 비교적 낮은 열전달 효율을 갖는다. 첨가하여 이 장치는 폴리메틸 메타크릴레이트(polymethyl methacrylate; PMMA)의 부 분적 탄화 과정에서 불필요한 가스를 과도하게 생성하고 극히 고온에서의 가열로 인해 인화 위험성이 높다. 본 연구는 위의 문 제점을 극복 하고자 폐인조대리석에 전분 용액을 첨가한 후 성형 상태에서의 열처리 공정을 제시한다. 실험 결과, 이 방법은 폐 인조대리석의 열분해가 비교적 350 oC의 낮은 온도에서도 상당히 향상 되었음을 보였다. 이외에도 메틸메타 크릴레이트(methyl methacrylate; MMA) 및 α-알루미나(α-Al2O3) 회수에 필요한 안전성 확보 및 에너지를 절감하는 효과를 보였다.

Analytical Head-space Supercritical Fluid Extraction Methodology for the Determination of Organochlorine Compounds in Aqueous Matrix

유건상,고성운,홍용표,최종하,김용균,이원경 대한화학회 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.5

우사의 깔짚 종류에 따른 발효 효율과 질소와 인의 형태 변화에 미치는 영향

유건상 대한화학회 2022 대한화학회지 Vol.66 No.2

The manure made of chaff and sawdust as litter was collected separately at a cowshed of a livestock farm in Andondg city. The fermentation efficiency of excreta is greatly influenced by the type and characteristics of litter and a factor to be considered for reducing N and P, the causes of eutrophication. Changes in weight with temperature and constituents of sample were examined using TG-DTA and XRF, respectively. NO2 ?, NO3 ? , and PO4 3? ions and NH4 +, T-P and T-N eluted from manure by rain were analyzed using ion chromatograph and UV/Vis spectrometry, respectively. As a result, the fermentation efficiency of excreta in sawdust manure is three times higher as compared with chaff manure. The higher the fermentation efficiency, ammonia nitrogen was highly de-nitrogenated and organic phosphorous were also changed into phosphorous ions. Furthermore, phosphorous ions can be removed by transforming insoluble salts such as calcium phosphate (CaHPO4·3H2O) and struvite (NH4MgPO4·6H2O) with addition of Ca and Mg. 안동에 있는 한 가축 농가의 우사에서 깔짚으로 왕겨와 톱밥으로 만든 퇴비를 각각 채취하였다. 분뇨의 발효 효율은 깔 짚의 종류와 특성에 의해서 상당한 영향을 받으며 부영양화의 원인물질인 질소와 인을 저감시키기 위해 고려되어야 할 요소이 다. 시료의 온도에 따른 중량 변화는 열중량 분석기(TG-DTA)로, 구성성분은 X-선 형광분석기(XRF)로 조사하였다. 빗물에 의해 퇴비에서 침출되어 나오는 아질산성질소(NO2 ?), 질산성 질소(NO3 ?), 인산이온(PO4 3?)과 암모니아성 질소(NH4 +), 총인(T-P), 총질 소(T-N)는 각각 각각 이온 크로마토그래프(IC)와 자외선/가시광선 분광기(UV/Vis spectrometry)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 결과적 으로, 왕겨에 비하여 톱밥에서 분뇨의 발효 효율이 대략 3배 높게 나타났다. 우분의 발효성이 높을수록 암모니아성 질소의 탈질 화 효율이 높았으며, 유기인도 인산이온으로 변화되었다. 덧붙여, 인산이온은 Ca와 Mg를 첨가하여 인산칼슘(CaHPO4·3H2O)과 스투루바이트(NH4MgPO4·6H2O) 형태의 난용성염을 생성 시킴으로서 제거 할 수 있다.

브롬화 난연제인 Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs)의 화학적처리 기술 개발

유건상,홍용표,홍성욱,Ryoo, Keon Sang,Hong, Yong Pyo,Hong, Sungwook 대한화학회 2013 대한화학회지 Vol.57 No.3

폴리에틸렌글리콜(PEGs)과 수산화칼륨(KOH)을 이용하여 서로 다른 온도와 시간의 반응조건에 따라 PBDEs의 화학반응을 수행하였다. PBDEs의 제거효율은 화학반응 전과 후의 농도의 차이로 측정하였다. PBDEs는 25와 $50^{\circ}C$의 낮은 온도에서는 제거되지 않았다. 하지만 온도를 증가시킴에 따라, 바이페닐기에 붙어있는 5-6개의 브롬이 치환되어 있는 PBDEs의 완전제거를 보이면서 ${\sigma}$-xylene에 있는 PBDEs의 제거효율은 점차적으로 증가하였다. 반응조건을 4시간과 $150^{\circ}C$까지 증가시켰을 때 PBDEs의 제거효율은 거의 100%에 도달하였다. 이와 같이 PEGs와 PBDEs의 화학반응 연구를 통해, PBDEs가 PEGs에 의해 브롬이 순차적으로 제거되는 진행에 의해서 탈브롬화 된다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. A chemical reaction of PBDEs was implemented using the polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and KOH, along with different reaction conditions such as temperatures and times. Removal efficiencies of PBDEs before and after chemical reaction were examined by difference of concentration. PBDEs was not removed at lower temperatures of 25 and $50^{\circ}C$. However, under the increased temperature, removal efficiency of PBDEs in ${\sigma}$-xylene was gradually increased, showing completely removal of PBDEs containing 5-6 bromines on biphenyl frame. When increasing the reaction conditions to 4 hours and $150^{\circ}C$, removal efficiency of PBDEs reached almost 100%. In studying the reaction of PEGs with PBDEs, it confirmed that the PBDEs led to less brominated by PEGs through a stepwise process with the successive elimination of bromines.

안동지역 하천의 환경오염물질과 곤충면역 생체지표 분석

유건상,고성운,조성환,이화성,김용균,Ryoo Keon Sang,Ko Seong-Oon,Cho Sunghwan,Lee Hwasung,Kim Yonggyun 한국응용곤충학회 2005 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.44 No.2

경북 안동지역의 10개 하천 및 하천 주변으로부터 2004년 5월에 물, 토양, 퇴적물의 시료를 채취하였다. 이들 지역의 환경오염 수준을 평가하기 위해 표준공정시험법이나 U.S. EPA 법을 이용하여 시료 중의 총질소, 총인, 화학적 산소요구량, 중금속, 유기인 및 유기염소계 잔류농약, 그리고 dioxin-like PCBs 등의 오염물질의 분석을 실시하였으며, 이와 더불어 파밤나방(Spodoptera exigua)을 이용한 면역교란의 생체지표 분석을 병행하였다. 일반적으로 총질소가 9.12 mg/L 수준의 와야천을 제외하고는, 각 하천 중의 총질소, 총인, 화학적 산소요구량은 환경부에서 정한 허용기준치보다는 비교적 낮았다. 각 하천 시료 중의 납과 카드뮴의 함량은 허용 기준보다도 매우 낮았지만, 하천에 따라 차이가 있어서 미천, 길안천, 현하천의 납과 카드뮴 함유량은 다른 하천의 시료들에 비해서 몇 배 이상 높게 검출되었다. 잔류농약은 미천 주변의 토양에서 유기인계 살충제인 다이아지논, 파라치온, 그리고 펜토에이트가 0.19, 0.40, $1.13\;{\mu}g/g$ 농도로 검출되었다. 반면에 내분비계 교란물질로 알려져 있는 16종의 유기염소계 농약과 12종의 dioxin-like PCB congeners는 검출한계 미만으로는 확인할 수 없었다. 그러나 와야천의 시료에 대한 곤충면역 교란효과를 고려해 볼 때, 이 하천의 수질과 주변의 토양이 조사한 오염원 이외의 화합물에 오염되어 있을 가능성을 제시해 준다. 이상의 분석 결과를 토대로 화학적 및 생물학적 검정 기술의 제약점과 상호 보완성이 기술되었다. Samples of water, soil, and sediment were taken from 10 streams near Andong, Korea in May 2004. To assess the degree of environmental pollution of each stream, chemical pollutants such as total notrogen (T-N), total phosphorus (T-P), chemical oxygen demand (COD), heavy metals, organophosphorus pesticides, organochlorine pesticides, and dioxin-like PCB congeners were analyzed by standard process tests or U.S. EPA methods. In addition, biomarkers originated from insect immune systems of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, were used to analysis of the environmental samples. Except Waya-chun stream showing T-N content of 9.12 mg/L, most streams were contaminated with relatively low levels of overall pollutants in terms of T-N, T-P, and COD, compared to their acceptable environmental levels designated by the Ministry of Environment. Contents of Pb and Cd in samples of each stream were much lower than environmentally permissible levels. However, several times higherconcentrations of Pb and Cd were found in locations at Mi-chun, Kilan-chun, and Hyunha-chun streams, in comparison with other streams. Diazinon, parathion, and phenthoate compounds among organophosphorus pesticides were detected as concentrations of 0.19, 0.40, and $1.13\;{\mu}g/g$, respectively, from soil sample collected in the vicinity of Mi-chun stream. On the other hand, 16 organochlorine pesticides and 12 dioxin-like PCB congeners, known as endocrine disrupting chemicals, selected in this study were not found above the limit of detection. Biomarker analyses using insect immune responses indicated that Waya-chun stream was suspected as exposure to environmental pollutants. Limitation and compensation of both environmental analysis techniques are discussed.

"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"에 나타난 죄와벌 그리고 구원의 문제

유건상 강원대학교 영어영문학과 1985 백령영어영문학 Vol.2 No.1

Destruction and Removal of PCBs in Waste Transformer Oil by a Chemical Dechlorination Process

유건상,Sang Hyuk Byun,최종하,홍용표,Young Tae Ryu,Jae Seol Song,Dong Suk Lee,Hwasung Lee 대한화학회 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.4

A practical and efficient disposal of PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) in waste transformer oil by a chemical dechlorination process has been reported. The transformer oil containing commercial PCB mixtures (Aroclor 1242, 1254 and 1260) was treated by the required amounts of PEG 600 (polyethylene glycol 600), potassium hydroxide (KOH) and aluminum (Al), along with different reaction temperatures and times. The reaction of PEG with PCBs under basic condition produces arylpolyglycols, the products of nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The relative efficiencies of PCB treatment process were assessed in terms of destruction and removal efficiency (DRE, %). Under the experimental conditions of PEG600/KOH/Al/100 oC/2hr, average DRE of PCBs was approximately 78%, showing completely removal of PCBs containing 7-9 chlorines on two rings of biphenyl which appear later than PCB no. 183 (2,2',3,4,4',5',6-heptaCB) in retention time of GC/ECD. However, when increasing the reaction temperature and time to 150 oC and 240 min, average DRE of PCBs including the most toxic PCBs (PCB no. 77, 105, 118, 123 and 169) in PCB family reached 99.99% or better, with the exception of PCB no. 5 and 8 (2,3-diCB and 2,4'-diCB). In studying the reaction of PEG with PCBs, it confirmed that the process led to less chlorinated PCBs through a stepwise process with the successive elimination of chlorines. The process also permits complete recovery of treated transformer oil through simple segregating procedures.