20세기 전반기 판소리 창자들의 유파에 따른 음악적 특징과 창법 고찰

왕서은(Seo eun Wang) 판소리학회 2022 판소리연구 Vol.53 No.-

중고제 명창 방진관의 ‘군사설움타령’과 김창룡의 ‘곽씨부인 유언(상)’ 대목에 나타난 가창 특징은 충남지방 출신인 방진관과 김창룡의 발음에서는 전라방언으로 구사하는 현전 판소리에서 나타나지 않는 ‘의’가 발음되며 본래의 사설과는 관계가 없는 ‘ㅡ’나 ‘ㅣ’가 음절이 지속되는 중간에 발음되었고 이는 정가의 발음방식과 유사하여 고아한 분위기를 연출하였다. 선율 상에 나타난 공통점은 do에서 꺾지 않았고 퇴성을 하더라도 미세하게 구사하였고 mi를 격하게 떨지 않았으며 소리 끝을 짧게 끊어 담담하게 표현하였다. 또한 장단의 중간에 사설의 첫머리를 시작해 다음 장단으로 이어지는 엇붙임과 사설을 촘촘히 엮어 부르는 경향이 나타났다. 동편제 명창 조학진의 ‘수궁풍류’와 이선유의 ‘홍로의 불’대목에 나타난 음악적 특징은 조학진의 아니리에서 전라도와 경상도 방언의 특징이 함께 나타났으며 경상도 출신인 이선유의 발음에서는 ‘의’ 발음이 분명하게 구현되었다. 이로써 당시의 판소리 가창 발음은 창자의 평소 언어습관과 밀접한 연관이 있으므로 현전 판소리의 풍부한 전라방언은 1930년대 이후 많은 판소리 창자를 배출한 전라도 지역의 방언이 고착된 것임을 알 수 있었다. 선율 상에 나타난 공통적인 특징으로는 do와 si 음에서 흘러내리거나 뉘는 목 등의 시김새가 거의 나타나지 않고 아래 음 mi에서도 거의 떨지 않고 마지막 음절일 경우는 짧게 끊으며 전체적으로 소리의 끝을 강하게 내리찍으며 짧게 끊는 종지 형태를 보였다. 계면조의 구성음과 음 구조를 갖지만 각 음의 기능이 계면조적인 성질을 띠지 않으므로 격정적인 서름조의 분위기는 연출되지 않았으며 시김새로 꾸미기보다는 쭉쭉 펴서 소리하였고 대부분 대마디대장단으로 진행하였다. 서편제 명창 김창환과 정정렬의 ‘이별가’에 나타난 음악적 특징을 고찰한 결과, 전라도 출신인 김창환과 정정렬은 전라방언의 발음으로 가창하였고 이는 현전 판소리의 가창 발음과 흡사하였다. 김창환과 정정렬의 ‘이별가’에 선율적으로 나타나는 특징은 다르지만 사설의 이면에 따른 격정적인 감정이 다른 유파에 비해 확연하게 잘 전달된다는 공통점이 있었다. 또한 동음 반복의 단순한 선율들이 나타났고 do를 매번 꺾지는 않았으며 소리의 끝을 길게 끌지 않고 짧게 맺는 등의 특징이 나타나 현전 서편제 소리는 전승 과정에서 상당히 변모된 양상임을 알 수 있었다. 김창환창 ‘이별가’에서는 높은 mi에서 re로, re에서 do로 한음을 미분음으로 서서히 하행할 때 그늘진 성음에 호소력이 실리면서 애원성과 서름조의 분위기가 짙게 풍겼고 정정렬의 가성과 빠른 리듬 그리고 격하게 ‘조시는목’을 적절하게 배합한 특징적인 선율은 사설의 격정적인 이면을 호소력있게 전달하는 데 매우 효과적이었다. In the pansori of the early 20thcentury, the reexisted the traditional and the transformed schools of pansori, following their respective trends simultaneously. This study seeks to identify the characteristics and vocal patterns of Junggoje myongchang Bang Jin-gwan·Kim Chang-ryong, Dongpyonje myongchang Cho Hak-jin・Yi Sŏn-yu, and Sŏpyonje myongchang Kim Chang-hwan・Jŏng Jŏng-nyol, as follows; The characteristics of the in Junggoje myongchang Bang Jin-gwan sŏrum taryon and Kim Chang-ryong “gwackssibuin youŏn” are that ui (의) is not pronounced in pansori in the present period when performed with the Jeolla-do dialect. This is similar to jeongga’s pronunciation and presents graceful and syllables eu (으) or yi (이) pronounced in the middle of lyrics without any relationship to the original lyrics. The comparability in the melody is not to use “Ggŏckneunmog” or decrease in detail with do, and they do not vibrate mi fiercely but cut the end of the melody short The other musical characteristics of Dongpyonje myongchang Cho Hak-jin “Sugung poongryou” and Yi Sŏn-yu “Hongroui bul” are that the dialects of Jeolla-do and Gyeongsang-do in the aniri of Cho Hak-jin appear together, and in the pronunciation of Yi Sŏn-yu from Gyeongsang-do ui (의) precisely appears. Therefore, various Jeolla-do dialect features in present-day pansori have been fixed since the 1930s for man pansori singers from Jeolla-do, who use their original language. The comparability in the melody of do and si, almost does not show the dropping of sigimsae.. Generally, they end the sound with a strong accent, and they did not perform in fierce in gyemyunjo but composed melody and structure in gyemyunjo. They do not decorate sigimsae but sing straight and continue daemadi daejangdan. Research on “Yibyolga,” Sŏpyonje myongchang Kim Chang-hwan・Jŏng Jŏng-nyol from Jeolla-do shows that they sing in Jeolla-do dialect, and this is similar to the pronunciation of the present pansori. Their “Yibyolga” has comparability its verses and outstandingly transfers enthusiastic feelings more effectively than any other school. Also, it presents simple melodies repeated in the same tone, does not drop do every time, and ends syllables short. This is certainly different from contemporary Sŏpyonje. Kim Chang-hwan sings in his “Yibyolga” so as to show his mood with a sad, sorrowful tone when he performs slowly from high mi to re, and re to do. Jŏng Jŏng-nyol performs efficiently in expressions of unique melody with the combination of the falsetto, quick rhy fierce “josineunmog.”

직류 케이블의 절연진단에 관한 연구

박서준(Seo-Jun Park),김선재(Sun-Jae Kim),왕국명(Guoming Wang),길경석(Gyung-Suk Kil),조은제(Eun-Je Jo) 한국철도학회 2016 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.5

케이블 절연열화에 따른 단락사고가 빈번하게 발생한다. 교류 전력계통에 사용하는 케이블의 절연진단에 관한 연구는 많이 수행되었지만, 전기 철도계통과 같이 직류 전력계통에서는 연구가 극히 미흡하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 직류 1,500V 철도 차량에 사용되는 케이블의 절연진단기술에 대해 연구하였다. 현재 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 절연저항법과 초기 또는 미소 결함도 검출할 수 있는 부분방전(Partial Discharge, PD)을 비교하였다. 절연 저항은 최대 5,000V까지 인가하였다. 부분방전은 펄스 크기, 횟수 및 T-F map으로 분석하였다. A short-circuit fault occurs frequently due to the insulation deterioration of cable. Researches on the insulation diagnosis of cable used in AC power system have been well carried out. However, few investigations have been conducted for cable used in DC power system such as the electric railway system. Therefore, this paper described the insulation diagnosis techniques for cable used in DC railway vehicles with rated voltage of 1,500V. The insulation resistance method generally used and the partial discharge (PD) method that can detect small defect at its early stage were compared. The insulation resistance was measured by applying up to 5,000V to the high voltage cable. PD were analyzed in terms of pulse magnitude, counts, and T-F map.

AI 기반 사용자 행동인지를 위한 모션 추정 모델 개발

방유석(Yoo-Seok Bang),서동민(Dong-Min Seo),인다영(Da-Young In),왕기개(Ji-Kai Wang),김민석(Min-Suk Kim),원서영(Seo-Young Won),강태구(Tae-Koo Kang) 대한전기학회 2022 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

Magnesium sulfate 와 Ritodrine hydrochloride의 조기진통 억제효과 및 안정성에 대한 비교연구

박후철(Hoo Chul Park),왕중서(Joong Seo Wang),최은주(Eun Ju Choi),정지영(Ji Young Jeong),이동규(Dong Gyu Lee),박정석(Jeong Seok Park),강상대(Sang Dae Kang) 대한산부인과학회 1999 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.42 No.10

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of magnesium sulfate and ritodrine hydrochloride in the management of preterm labor. Methods: This study was undertaken to assess the clinical efficacy & safety of magnesium sulfate and ritodrine hydrochloride on 120 patients admitted with preterm labor from Jul. 1, 1996 to Dec. 31, 1998. Results: 1. The incidence of preterm labor was showed 6.0∼7.7% of total number of delivery. 2. The risk factors of the preterm labor were premature rupture of membrane, severe preeclampsia, previous preterm delivery, twin pregnancy, placenta previa, fetal anomaly, incompetent cervix, placental abruption, and uterine myoma in order, but 28.6% of preterm labor had no apparent risk factors. 3. The days gained in uterus was not statistically different between the magnesium sulfate group and the ritodrine group (p<0.05) but longer in the two groups than the control group. And the delivery time was also not statistically different between the magnesium sulfate group and the ritodrine group (p<0.01) but significantly increased in the two groups than the control group. 4. The rate of complete and incomplete success was similar as 12.5% and 35% (total success rate 47.5%) in the magnesium sulfate group, 7.5% and 45% (total success rate 52.5%) in the ritodrine group but only 2.5% and 27.5% (total success rate 30%) was showed in the control group. 5. The side effects were much more in the ritodrine group than the magnesium sulfate group. The patients requiring second-line therapy were similar in the both groups but the main cause was uncontrolled uterine contraction in the magnesium sulfate group, and intolerable side effects in the ritodrine group. 6. The pulse rate was not statistically different in magnesium sulfate group but markedly increased in ritodrine group (p<0.05). After managements of preterm labor, the serum potassium and ionized calcium level was significantly decreased in the two groups (p<0.05, p<0.01). Conclusion: There was not significantly different efficacy and safety of magnesium sulfate and ritodrine hydrochloride in the management of preterm labor.

문화예술지원을 통한 공유가치창출의 수리모형

신형덕(Hyung-Deok Shin),서영덕(Young-Doc Seo),왕연주(Yeun-Ju Wang),이은수(Eun-Su Lee) 한국문화경제학회 2021 문화경제연구 Vol.24 No.1

공유가치창출은 기업이 경제적 가치와 동시에 사회적 가치를 창출하여 지속 가능한 경영을 추구하는 방법을 제시하는 개념이다. 이 개념은 주주가치만을 추구하여 사회의 비난을 받는 경영방식이나 그 반대로 사회적 비용을 충당하기 위해 주주의 이익을 침해하는 경영방식이 가진 문제점을 해결하는 개념으로 받아들여지고 있으며, 기업의 이익을 위해 전략적으로 사회공헌활동을 하는 추구하는 방식과도 차별화된다. 그러나 선행연구에서 공유가치창출 활동의 다양한 사례는 제시되어 왔던 반면에 이러한 활동을 통해 실제로 창출되는 경제적 가치와 사회적 가치의 크기에 대한 연구는 제시되지 않았다. 만약 창출되는 경제적 가치와 사회적 가치의 합이 이 활동으로 인한 기회비용보다 작다면, 즉 사회적 가치 창출을 정부가 주도하는 것이 더 효율적이거나 또는 공유가치창출 활동으로 인해 기업의 경제적 가치 창출이 저하된다면 공유가치창출의 개념은 허상일 뿐이라고 할 수도 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 주어진 가정 하에서의 수리모형을 제시한다. 분석 과정에서 시장실패 해결의 비용 개념을 도입하여, 기업이 창출하는 사회적 가치는 세금을 사용하는 정부 대신 기업이 시장 실패를 해결하기 위해 부담하는 비용으로 측정한다. 이 분석을 통해 기업이 경제 적 가치를 창출하는 전제하에, 정부가 세금을 이용하여 시장실패를 해결할 때에 부담하는 비용보다 기업이 공유가치창출 활동을 통해 시장실패를 해결할 때에 부담하는 비용이 더 작을 조건을 도출한 결과, 기업이 본업과 관련된 활동을 통해 사회문제를 해결할 때에 공유가치창출이 발생할 확률이 높아진다는 것을 발견하였다. The concept of Creating Shared Value(CSV) suggests a way for a firm to pursue sustainability by creating both economic and social values. This concept has been considered as a cure for shareholders’ selfishness to pursue a firm’s profits at the cost of society, as well as a cure for the government’s anti-market policies to eliminate market failure at the cost of the firm. Also CSV is differenciated from the concept of strategic corporate social responsibility(CSR) in ways that an ultimate goal strategic CSR is not increase social values. While previous studies have suggested various cases of CSV activities of firms, how much economic and social values could be creased via CSV activities has not been mathematically suggested. If the opportunity costs of creating both values are bigger than the benefits, in other words, if governments, using tax, can create social values more efficiently than firms, or if firms should experience inefficiencies in creating social values which is not necessary for their own businesses, the concept of CSV would be just a mirage. This study challenges this issue and suggests a mathematical model to show the conditions that create both economic and social values. To do this, we introduced the costs of market failure as a reference measure, and compared which is more efficient to eliminate market failure between the government(using tax) and the firm(using firm resources). Then we drew the conditions where firms can make both economic and social values more efficiently than the government. We found that, generally, firms are likely to successfully pursue CSV activities when they take actions which are related to their own businesses.

한국 담수어류 두 근연종 한둑중개(Cottus hangiongensis)와 둑중개(Cottus koreanus)의 초기생활사 차이에 따른 개체군 유전적 구조 특성

백송이 ( Song Yi Baek ),강지현 ( Ji Hyoun Kang ),조서희 ( Seo Hee Cho ),장지은 ( Ji Eun Jang ),왕주현 ( Ju-hyoun Wang ),이황구 ( Hwang-goo Lee ),최준길 ( Jun-kil Choi ),이혁제 ( Hyuk Je Lee ) 한국환경생태학회 2016 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2016 No.2

Levels of genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure among freshwater fish populations are influenced by life history traits of the species including life history styles (e.g., fluvial, amphidromous). However, whether and how divergent life history styles contribute to shaping population genetic structure of freshwater fish species remain rarely tested comparatively for closely related species. A species pair of freshwater sculpins, Cottus hangiongensis- C. koreanus, which both occur in the Korean Peninsula, shows considerable variation in distribution, life history style and conservation status. Cottus hangiongensis is widely distributed across the eastern Korean Peninsula, northern Japan and Russia, whereas C. koreanus is restricted to the Korean Peninsula. The former species has been protected by the Korean government as a ‘legally protected species II’ since 2012, but the latter was recently released from the red list of endangered species. Although these two species are a sister taxon with morphologically virtually indistinguishable, they differ in life history styles, type of larvae and habitat selection: C. hangiongensis shows “amphidromous” life history with pelagic larvae and occurs from mid-to-downstream of the river, whereas C. koreanus displays “fluvial” life history with benthic larvae and inhabits upstream of the river. In the present study, we examined and compared population genetic structure between two congeneric sister sculpin species from South Korea that show a notable divergence in life history styles using a combination of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microsatellite markers. Individuals of C. hangiongensis (N = 200) and C. koreanus (N = 274) were collected using skimming nets from 18 different locations in South Korea (C. hangiongensis: 5 locations - Samcheok, Yangyang, Okgye, Gangneung, Uljin; C. koreanus: 13 locations - Pyeongchang Heongjung-valley, Mitan Myeon, Jeongseon, Wonju Oakvalley, Gangnim Myeon, Mt. Chiaksan National Park from the South Han River; Goseong, Yanggu, Inje, Gapyong, Pocheon from the North Han River; Samcheok, Yangyang from the East flowing rivers). Based on mtDNA control region (465, 467 bp) and seven nuclear microsatellite loci, we found that the overall levels of within-population genetic diversity were substantially greater for C. hangiongensis (mean mtDNA haplotype richness: 2.128 ± 1.470; mean allelic richness: 14.029 ± 1.065) than for C. koreanus (mean mtDNA haplotype richness: 1.084 ± 1.794; mean allelic richness: 5.095 ± 2.861). These results indicate that an amphidromous species C. hangiongensis, which produces many small eggs from which pelagic larvae hatch then spend 1-2 months in the sea before migrating to river mouths, has greater within-population genetic diversity than a fluvial species C. koreanus, which lays a small number of large eggs from which benthic larvae develop directly. The inbreeding coefficient (FIS) values were generally low, ranging from -0.001 to 0.052 for C. hangiongensis and from -0.294 to 0.059 for C. koreanus, suggesting that rather random mating has been taking place in both species. The degree of genetic differentiation between populations at both mtDNA and microsatellite markers was much greater for the ‘fluvial’ species, C. koreanus with direct-developing benthic larvae than for the ‘amphidromous’ species, C. hangiongensis with pelagic larvae. These findings suggest that all the populations of C. koreanus investigated are genetically strongly isolated and thus divergent one another, most likely due to lack of gene flow among populations because of their limited migratory range by physical isolation and/or behavioral constraint. By comparison, C. hangiongensis showed lack of spatial genetic structure, which is probably due to high on-going gene flow during the free-swimming larval stage of this fish. The Mantel tests of both C. hangiongensis and C. koreanus showed significant correlation between genetic (FST) and geographic distances (km) across all the populations, based on neither mtDNA nor microsatellites. STRUCTURE and factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) of seven microsatellite genotypes detected a single genetic make-up with in C. hangiongensis, but almost each of the local populations comprising its own unique genetic integrity within C. koreanus. These results corroborate the hypothesis that life history divergence strongly affects the spatial population genetic structure of these two species. The greater spatial genetic structure observed for C. koreanus than for C. hangiongensis may have resulted from much lower levels of gene flow, most likely due to its poorer dispersal capacity (and physical isolation among populations) because it lacks the free-swimming larval phase that the latter species has. Overall, we conclude that alternative life histories (fluvial vs. amphidromous) have resulted in strikingly different patterns of population genetic structure between these sister species of freshwater sculpins in South Korea. The observed patterns highlight how divergent life history evolution may influence broader trends of population connectivity in freshwater fish, with significant implications for management and conservation particularly for these endangered fishes. This study sheds intriguing insights into the effects of divergent life history styles on the genetic diversity and genetic structure of South Korean populations of a sister species pair C. hangiongensis-C. koreanus, which will contribute to a better understanding of how these two species have diverged ecologically and speciated in general.

증례(證例) : 뇌졸중 환자의 정구성 정색소성 빈혈에 대한 보중익기탕의 호전례 2례

김정은 ( Jung Eun Kim ),박상은 ( Sang Eun Park ),신철경 ( Cheol Kyung Sin ),권오순 ( O Sun Kwon ),이재왕 ( Jae Wang Lee ),서창운 ( Chang Woon Seo ),한현영 ( Hyun Young Han ),홍상훈 ( Sang Hoon Hong ) 대구한의대학교 제한동의학술원 2009 東西醫學 Vol.34 No.1

한방건강검진에서 한열허실 변증 진단의 타당성에 관한 연구

권오순(O Sun Kwon),김정은(Jung Eun Kim),이재왕(Jae Wang Lee),서창운(Chang Woon Seo),한현영(Hyun Young Han),홍상훈(Sang Hun Hong) 한의병리학회 2009 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.23 No.1