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애기장대 화분 표현형 분석 및 화분 발달에 관련된 변이체 유전자의 탐색
박효진,Nguyen Thi Hoai Thuong,Tien Dung Nguyen,오성앵,박순기 한국육종학회 2014 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2014 No.07
비동형분열을 포함한 식물화분 발달과정에 관여하는 유전자를 탐색하기 위하여, Activation tagging vector를 이용 하여 조성된 3,500여개의 애기장대 T1세대 약 3,500개의 형질전환체 집단으로부터 4종의 화분 변이형을 보이는 돌 연변이체를 선발하였다. 4종의 변이체들은 20-40% 빈도의 성숙화분 변이표현형을 보였다. 변이체에서는 정상적 인 화분으로 발달하지 않은 aborted pollen type, 한 개의 핵만이 관찰되는 tio type, 비정상적으로 분열된 gemini type 등 다양한 변이표현형들이 관찰되었다. TAIL-PCR을 통하여 T-DNA의 삽입부위의 염색체 부위를 동정하여, co-segregation분석을 수행한 결과, 4종 모두 T-DNA삽입과 무관한 자연발생적 돌연변이로 밝혀졌으며, 현재 map-based cloning방법에 의해 변이유발 유전자를 탐색중이다. 이들 유전자들은 향후 식물의 화분발달에 핵심적 인 역할을 하는 유전자를 발굴하고 이를 이용한 기작을 이해하는데 매우 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 판단된다.
농업용(사료용) 유전자변형생물체의 위해성심사 제도 분석 및 환경위해성평가 관련 쟁점에 대한 고찰
임명호,윤상대,김은영,오성앵,박순기,Myung-Ho Lim,Sang Dae Yun,Eun Young Kim,Sung Aeong Oh,Soon-Ki Park 한국식물생명공학회 2023 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.50 No.1
지난 2008년 유전자변형생물체 관련 법이 공식 발효된 이후 연간 평균 일천만톤 정도의 유전자변형 옥수수, 콩, 면실, 카놀라 등이 수입되고 7개 작목에서 약 191건에 대한 수입 승인 절차가 진행되었다. 이중 후대교배종을 제외한 약 90건은 인체, 작물재배환경, 자연생태환경, 해양수산환경의 4개 분야의 협의심사를 통한 위해성심사가 수행되었다. 해외에서 생산된 유전자변형작물을 한국으로 수출하는 주요 이해 당사자인 개발사들은 협의심사의 절차적 비효율성, 위해성 평가의 본질에서 벗어난 협의기관의 관점이 반영된 심사, 식품사료가공용 용도에 맞지않는 과도한 심사, 친숙성과 실질적동등성을 반영하지 아니한 한국 특이적인 보완자료 요구 등의 문제를 제기하였다. 이에 대하여 협의심사를 담당하는 부처/기관은 국내로 알곡 형태로 수입되는 유전자변형작물의 빈번한 비의도적 환경방출 사례를 근거로 한국의 기후와 자연환경을 반영한 심사가 필요함을 주장하였다. 또한 협의심사를 담당하는 부처는 국제적 지침에 따라서 위해성 평가의 원칙과 방법에 근거하여 소관 부처의 전문성을 반영하는 심사를 수행함을 주장하였다. 본 논문은 이들 유전자 변형작물이 식품, 사료(농업), 또는 가공(산업) 용도로 수입되는 친숙한 농업 작물으로 안전하게 이용된 사실에 근거하여, 논란이 되어온 농업용 용도에 해당되는 위해성평가 세부 몇개 항목에 대해 합리적인 대안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이러한 대안들이 현재의 LMO법 규정의 범위 내에서 주요이해당사자의 이해충돌을 완화할 수 있는 현실적인 대안이 되기를 기대한다. Since the implementation of the Living Modified Organisms (LMOs) Act in 2008, approximately 10 million tons of genetically modified corn, soybean, potato, canola, and other crops have been imported into South Korea. The import approval procedures have been completed for approximately 191 cases that include seven crops. Of these, approximately 90 cases, excluding crossbreeds of approved LMOs, were reviewed via consultation risk evaluation in four areas: human health, crop culture, natural ecology, and marine fishery environment. LMO developers in South Korea, who are major stakeholders in the import of LMO crops produced overseas, have raised concerns regarding procedural inefficiency in consultation reviews and the need of excessive reviews that are unsuitable for food-feed processing purposes. These procedures reflect the perspective of consultation agencies that deviate from the nature of risk assessment and demand specific supplementary data that do not reflect familiarity and substantial equilibrium. Based on frequent instances of unintentional environmental release of LMO crops imported into Korea, the ministries responsible for consultation insist on a review that considers the climate and natural environment of Korea. In addition, the ministries mandate that their reviews reflect the expertise of competent ministries and are based on risk assessment principles and methods in accordance with international guidelines. In this regard, considering that traits introduced into LMO crops involving familiar agricultural crops have been considered safe for more than two decades, we have suggested reasonable alternatives to several risk assessment items for agricultural LMOs. These alternatives can mitigate conflicts of interest among key stakeholders within the scope of the current LMO regulations.
Tien Dung Nguyen,장성회,서문수,이진원,윤상대,오성앵,박순기 한국식물생명공학회 2019 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.13 No.6
High-temperature (HT) stress is an environmental factor that limits growth and productivity in various ways, depending upon organ type and the temperature and duration at which plants are challenged by HT-induced challenges. Thus, understanding how plants respond to heat is crucial if researchers are to develop crops that can withstand a rise in average temperatures due to climate change. In particular, the impacts of HT on reproductive organs are directly linked to crop productivity and/or food security, two key issues in agriculture. We used the Arabidopsis thaliana model system to examine how an elevated daytime temperature might influence the development of sexual organs. After 2 days of exposure to 35/22 °C (day/night), fertility gradually decreased for 3-week-old plants. After 5 days of exposure, fertility was dramatically reduced and plants displayed abnormal stamens, i.e., short filaments, poor production of viable pollen grains, and defective anther dehiscence. In contrast, female organs remained functional. Furthermore, the developing pollen grains from stressed plants underwent aberrant cytokinesis that generated a high proportion of unreduced, aneuploid, and diploid pollen. The formation of enlarged grains may have been due to polyploidization, which contributed to temperature-induced speciation and evolution. Our findings will aid in the molecular genetic dissection of HT-related damage in male reproductive organs, which are the most vulnerable to such stress.
Expression analysis of two rice pollen-specific promoters using homologous and heterologous systems
Tien Dung Nguyen,Moe Moe Oo,문선옥,배현경,오성앵,소문수,송종태,김정회,정기홍,박순기 한국식물생명공학회 2015 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.9 No.5
Tissue-specific promoters are a very useful tool for manipulating gene expression in a target tissue or organ; however, their range of applications in other plant species has not been determined, to date. In this study, we identified two late pollen-specific rice promoters (ProOsLPS10 and ProOsLPS11) via meta-anatomical expression analysis. We then investigated the expression of both promoters in transgenic rice (a homologous system) and Arabidopsis (a heterologous system) using ProOsLPS10 or ProOsLPS11::GFP-GUS constructs. As predicted by microarray data, both promoters triggered strong GUS expression during the late stages of pollen development in rice, with no GUS signals detected in the examined microspores and sporophytic tissues. Interestingly, these promoters exhibited different GUS expression patterns in Arabidopsis. While in Arabidopsis, the OsLPS10 promoter conferred GUS expression at the uniand bi-cellular pollen stages, as well as at the shoot apical region during the seedling stage, the OsLPS11 promoter was not active in the pollen at any stage, or in the examined sporophytic tissues. Furthermore, by performing a complementation analysis using a sidecar pollen (scp) mutant that displays developmental defects at the microspore stage, we found evidence that OsLPS10 promoter, which can be applied in Arabidopsis, is useful for directing gene expression in the early stages of pollen development. Our results indicate that the OsLPS10 and OsLPS11 promoters can drive the expression of target genes during the late stages of pollen development in rice, but not in Arabidopsis. Our results also emphasize the necessity of confirming the applicability of an established promoter to heterologous systems.