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Lateral Septum Somatostatin Neurons are Activated by Diverse Stressors
안명모,김현경,박호영,김경회,허규량,박한얼,정지혜,김성연 한국뇌신경과학회 2022 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.31 No.6
The lateral septum (LS) is a forebrain structure that has been implicated in a wide range of behavioral and physiological responses to stress. Howev- er, the specific populations of neurons in the LS that mediate stress responses remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that neurons in the dorsal lateral septum (LSd) that express the somatostatin gene (hereafter, LSdSst neurons) are activated by diverse stressors. Retrograde tracing from LSdSst neurons revealed that these neurons are directly innervated by neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC), the primary source of norepinephrine well-known to mediate diverse stress-related functions in the brain. Consistently, we found that norepinephrine increased excitatory synaptic trans- mission onto LSdSst neurons, suggesting the functional connectivity between LSdSst neurons and LC noradrenergic neurons. However, optogenetic stimulation of LSdSst neurons did not affect stress-related behaviors or autonomic functions, likely owing to the functional heterogeneity within this population. Together, our findings show that LSdSst neurons are activated by diverse stressors and suggest that norepinephrine released from the LC may modulate the activity of LSdSst neurons under stressful circumstances.
조규태,이주,오봉세,방종득,김윤,전임기,안명모,Jo, Q-Tae,Lee, Chu,Oh, Bong-Se,Bang, Jong-Deuk,Kim, Yoon,Jeon, Im-Gi,Ahn, Myoung-Mo The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2007 韓國養殖學會誌 Vol.20 No.2
We studied two research items that can be undetermined issues in the artificial seed production of the Japanese scallops, Patinopecten yessoensis, batch-specific quality of the reproductive outputs and nursery acclimation, in the embayed waters of Yangyang, Gangwon, Korea. The first batch of the spawner showed better results in terms of survival, growth, and resistance against parasitic ciliate infection over the second batch that was obtained in 5 days after first batch from the same spawner. The early attached spats directly placed in the farming ground (the unacclimated) were resistant against the water current of the open environment, by showing survival of about 80% for a month, a normal survival compared with other results. However, the spat survival during the nursery acclimation was significantly lowered in comparison with that in the unacclimated condition (P<0.01). We discussed the research results of the two items, particularly focusing on their availability for mass seed production for aquaculture in the Korean coastal waters of the East Sea (Sea of Japan).