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토양 중금속 함량 측정에 대한 토양오염공정시험기준과 국제표준간의 적합성 평가
신건환,이군택,이원석,김지인,김보경,박현정,Shin, Gun-Hwan,Lee, Goon-Teak,Lee, Won-Seok,Kim, Ji-In,Kim, Bo-Kyong,Park, Hyun-Jeong 한국지하수토양환경학회 2012 지하수토양환경 Vol.17 No.3
According to the agreement on WTO/TBT, we are under the situation to adopt international standard (ISO standard) as a national standard if it exists. However, in case of environmental area, it is a domestic legal obligation to use Korean environmental standard method(KESM) for analyzing various contaminants. Therefore it is necessary to assess the comparability between KEM and ISO standard prior to apply ISO standard to soil conservation law in Korea. The main purpose of this study is to assess the comparability of both methods for analyzing heavy metals in soil. We looked over various aspects like pre-treatment, calibration curve range, detection wavelength, soil organic matter content and so on. Apparently, the procedure of both methods is almost same. However in details, both methods are different in stationary time before aqua-regia extraction using reflux system, calibration curve range for Cu, Pb, Ni and measuring wavelength for Pb. According to the results of comparison test, the results were significantly different when the different calibration range was used. In case that all the extracts independent of methods were reanalyzed with the same calibration range of each method, both methods showed statistically same results. Other conditions like different stationary time, measuring wavelength of AAS and soil organic matter content did not have any influence on the analytical result. Therefore, we suggest to extend the calibration curve range to 0~8 mg/L which is used in KS I ISO standard(Korean standard related with environment which is translation version of ISO standard without any technical change). In case of $Cr^{6+}$, the results showed no significant differences between two methods even though the pretreatment, instrumentation and other analysis conditions were different. In addition to UV/Visble spectrometry of KESM for soil contamination, we suggest to adopt ion chromatography of ISO 15192(US EPA method 7199) for analyzing $Cr^{6+}$ with the consideration of laboratory work efficiency.
유도결합플라즈마-질량분석기(ICP-MS)를 이용한 토양의 총 우라늄 정량에 요구되는 적정 산분해 전처리 방법 개발
신건환,이군택,강지영,윤정기,김현구,노회정,김지인,김계훈 한국지하수토양환경학회 2018 지하수토양환경 Vol.23 No.6
Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), one of the most commonly used instruments for metal analysis,was used to determine total uranium in soil. The method was named as “Modified ASTM C1345-96”. When comparingwith ASTM C1345-96, digestion time (2~3 days) was shorten to 7 hours and the treatment in furnace was eliminated. Inanalyses of 26 field soil samples, there was a significant difference in the average concentration of total uranium betweenmodified ASTM C1345-96 and ASTM C1345-96 (F : 6.22 > Fc : 4.03, significance level : 0.05, n=26). The averageconcentration of modified ASTM C1345-96 was 1.8 times larger than that of ASTM C1345-96. In addition, modifiedASTM C1345-96 was compared with other acid digestion methods for soil including ISO 11466, Modified ISO 11466,US EPA-3051, US EPA-3051A and US EPA-3052 using a certificated reference material (SRM 2711a, NIST) and fieldsoil samples with different level of organic matter content (1.6%, 5.8%, 10.6%). Modified ASTM C1345-96 showed thebest accuracy of 93.01% for SRM 2711a. Also, modified ASTM C1345-96 showed the higher extraction rates than otherdigestion methods by 11~45%.
토양오염공정시험기준에 따른 토양 중금속 추출 시 분해 온도가 미치는 영향
신건환,박현정,오기석,정가인,신동준,이군택,주창규,이상모,김태승 한국지하수토양환경학회 2022 지하수토양환경 Vol.27 No.3
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influences of digestion temperature on the extraction of heavy metals fromsoil using the standard method established by Korean Ministry of Environment (KMES). A total of 7 heavy metals (As,Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in soil samples were extracted at varying digestion temperatures [(66 ± 2.0)oC, (73 ± 1.9)oC,(80 ± 1.3)oC, (85 ± 1.7)oC, (92 ± 2.0)oC, (98 ± 1.7)oC]. As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations remained relatively constantover the temperature range, but Ni and Cr concentrations greatly varied with the digestion temperature. The extent ofvariation in extraction efficiencies as compared to the concentration obtained at 66oC was in following order; Ni(7.09% ~ 35.42%) > Cr (4.79% ~ 25.40%) > Zn (3.99% ~ 17.52%) > Cu (2.22% ~ 19.34%) > As (3.54% ~ 8.26%) > Cd(–5.08% ~ 1.08%) > Pb (–4.71% ~ –1.70%). The accuracy for certified reference materials at the digestion temperature of80 and 85oC was 98.7% ~ 105.8%. Therefore, digestion temperature of 80oC ~ 85oC is suggested to obtain reliable andreproducible data when the standard method by Korean Ministry of Environment is employed to analyze multiple heavymetal components in soil samples.
고속도로 주변 토양의 나트륨흡착비(SAR)를 이용한 제설제 분포 추적
조성현,이동근,신건환,최천일,이군택,김도순,이병덕 한국지하수토양환경학회 2022 지하수토양환경 Vol.27 No.3
The goal of this study was to estimate the possible scattering distance of deicer from the highway and the impact range ofdeicer on soil quality in terms of plant growth. Among the major elements (Ca2+, Cl and Na+) of deicer, Ca2+and Cl areusually applied as fertilizer to soil. Therefore both elements (Ca2+and Cl) were not appropriate for a tracer of deicer at theagricultural area. In this study, SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) of soil was proposed as an alternative tracer to confirm thedistribution of the deicer around the highway areas. Because deicer is the main anthropogenic source of Na+ around thehighway areas and does harm to the physical properties of soil and plant growth through the destruction of soil aggregate,SAR would be an recommendable tracer to access the distribution of deicer as well as adverse effect on soil quality athighway areas. The influence range of deicer based on SAR of soil was estimated to be less than 20 m distance from thehighway even though the possible flying distance of deicer was found to be more than 100 m from the highway. Howeverthe deicer seriously deposited within 10 m from the highway.