절단배추의 포장재질에 따른 단기저장 중 품질특성

손은지,김오수,배현영,황인욱,정문철,정신교 한국식품영양과학회 2015 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2015 No.8

영국과 미국의 AI 규제 정책과 시사점

손은지 동아대학교 법학연구소 2024 東亞法學 Vol.0 No.104

영국과 미국은 그 역사적 밀접성에도 불구하고, 양국의 발전 과정에서 나타난 정치, 경제, 문화적 특성이 각국의 규범체계 형성에 영향을 주면서 독자적인 AI 규제 정책 및 체계를 수립해 나가고 있다. 먼저 영국은 자국의 AI 기술 발전과 혁신 촉진 및 국제사회에서의 리더십을 강조하는 유연한 규제 정책하에 ‘원칙과 결과 중심’의 기관별 AI 규제 체계를 정립한다. 그리고 이를 통해 ‘친기업적’이고, ‘친혁신적’인 규제 원칙을 제시하는 동시에 국제사회의 강력하고 포괄적인 AI 규제 강화 움직임을 견제하기 위한 ‘양자간-다자간’의 AI 규제 협력체계를 구축한다. 한편, 미국은 2023년 10월, 바이든 대통령의 행정명령 발효 이후, 지금까지의 ‘친성장’ 중심의 AI 자율규제 정책에서 벗어나 AI 규제 강화 움직임을 보이기 시작하였다. 즉 연방과 주의 분권적 법체계에 기반한 이원적인 AI 규제 체계를 형성하고 있는 미국은 그동안 의회 제정 법률을 통한 AI 규제 정책을 펼치고 있는 주 정부와 달리, 연방정부는 주로 연성적이고 자율적인 AI 규제 정책을 채택해 왔다. 그러나 AI로 인한 다양한 규범적․윤리적 문제들이 발생하고, 이에 대응한 규제 필요성이 사회 각계에서 제기됨에 따라 연방정부는 행정명령 및 관련 AI 규제 조치를 시행하는 등 기존의 AI 규제 정책에 대한 변화를 예고하고 있다. 특히 엄격한 삼권분립 하의 미국의 행정명령이 순수 행정적인 목적에서 벗어나 의회 입법과 동등한 지위를 가지는 사실상의 입법 장치로 변모하고 있는 미국의 상황에서 행정부의 이러한 조치는 EU의 ‘AI법’과 함께 국제사회에 적잖은 영향을 줄 것으로 예상된다. 이처럼 영국과 미국의 AI 규제 정책은 국제사회 전반이 겪고 있는 일종의 ‘적응규제(Adaptive regulation)’ 패러다임 속에서 자국의 규제 원칙과 목표, 그리고 규범체계에 따라 수립․시행되고 있다. 다만, 양국 모두 AI 기술의 안전성과 지속가능성, 그리고 혁신이라는 AI 규제 원칙에 근거하여 자국 내 질서 유지, 국제사회에서의 기술경쟁력과 규제 선도력 강화를 위한 전략적 접근을 취한다는 공통점을 갖는다. 그리고 이러한 양국의 AI 규제 정책은 향후 이어질 국가 간 AI 규제 협력체계 구축에 앞서 규제 예측을 위한 중요한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있으며, 이를 통해 우리의 규제 대응 방안을 모색해 볼 수 있을 것이다. Despite their historical closeness, the UK and the US have developed distinct AI regulatory policies, influenced by their unique political, economic, and cultural characteristics. These policies have shaped their respective regulatory frameworks. The UK emphasizes a flexible regulatory policy that promotes the advancement and innovation of AI technology, aiming to assert leadership on the international stage. The UK has established an agency-specific AI regulatory framework based on principles and outcomes, advocating for pro-business and pro-innovation regulatory principles. Concurrently, the UK seeks to counter the growing trend towards stringent and comprehensive AI regulations globally by building bilateral and multilateral AI regulatory cooperation frameworks. In contrast, following President Biden's executive order in October 2023, the US is showing signs of moving away from its previously growth-centric self-regulatory AI policy. The US has a dual AI regulatory framework based on its federal and state decentralized legal systems. While state governments have implemented AI regulatory policies through legislative measures, the federal government has mainly adopted soft and voluntary AI regulatory policies. However, with the emergence of various normative and ethical issues related to AI and the corresponding regulatory needs raised by various sectors of society, the federal government has begun to demonstrate a strong commitment to AI regulation through executive orders. This shift is particularly significant given that, under the strict separation of powers in the US, executive orders are evolving into de facto legislative tools with equivalent status to congressional legislation. Both the UK and US AI regulatory policies are framed within a broader “adaptive regulation” paradigm experienced by the international community. Despite being developed according to their respective regulatory principles, goals, and normative systems, both countries' AI regulatory policies revolve around specific principles. These principles focus on the safety, sustainability, and innovation of AI technology. Through these policies, the UK and the US aim to enhance the competitiveness of their AI technology and maintain regulatory leadership in the international arena. Research on these regulatory policies is crucial as they provide essential foundational data for predicting the future development of inter-country cooperation frameworks.

Fabrication of 3-Dimensional Colloidal Photonic Structures in Thixotropic Fluid

손은지,심태섭 한국고분자학회 2024 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.49 No.1

단기저장 절단배추 김치의 품질 특성

손은지,김상섭,정신교 한국식품저장유통학회 2017 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Cut Kimchi cabbages (3×3 cm) were dipped in the egg shell solution (0.5% egg shell calcium/0.5% citric acid solution) and stored in the low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film bag at 4℃ for 2 weeks. Using this cut Kimchi cabbage, kimchi was prepared and their physicochemical qualities were investigated. Moreover, their sensory qualities were compared with Kimchi prepared with normal Kimchi cabbages. Egg shell calcium pretreatment (ET) showed the lower weight loss of cabbages than non-treatment (NT), and soluble solid compounds were decreased in all samples. Titratable acidity showed no statistical difference. After making a kimchi using cut Kimchi cabbages stored for 2 weeks no statistical differences in soluble solids and titratable acidities of kimchi stored for 7 days were shown. As a result of sensory test, preference of color was decreased and salted condition of control was the most significantly decreased. Pickled seafood odor of kimchi showed statistical difference, compared with the control. Crispness decreased in all samples. On the other hand, salty flavor and pickled seafood flavor were increased, fresh cabbage flavor, bitter flavor and carbonic flavor were decreased. Overall sensory quality of cut Kimchi cabbage (ETK) didn’t show significant difference compare with kimchi prepared with normal cabbage (CON). It is possible to make kimchi with approvable sensory quality using cut Kimchi cabbage treated with egg shell calcium.

절단배추의 포장재질에 따른 단기 저장 중 품질특성

손은지,황인욱,정신교 한국식품저장유통학회 2015 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.22 No.5

Fresh cut vegetables provide convenience and rapidity to consumers. However, they have a weakness with respect to their short shelf-life due to browning and quality degradation via increased respiration. To overcome this problem, the effect of packaging film on the short-term storage of cut kimchi cabbages was investigated. Polypropylene (PP), oriented polypropylene (OPP), and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films were used as packaging film, and cut kimchi cabbages were stored in the packaging films at 5℃ for 4 weeks. PP film packaging showed the least weight loss and soluble solids loss after 4 weeks. Titratable acidity increased during storage for all samples, however, the increase rate of titratable acidity in PP and OPP film packaging decreased, which was lower than that of LDPE film packaging. Color values decreased over time during storage. In appearance, PP film packaging was better than other films due to their high transparency. In a sensory test, there was no statistical difference among samples. Taken together, the transparent PP film packaging was more effective for short-term storage of cut kimchi cabbages. Thus, this study provides useful information for the selection of packaging materials for cut kimchi cabbage marketing.

농산어촌 공공디자인 가이드라인의 실효성에 관한 연구

손은지,장영호,김주연 한국공간디자인학회 2023 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.18 No.3

(Background and Purpose) Public Design has a clearly different meaning from the word 'Urban Design', but as public design develops around cities, its meaning is mixed and used. In this situation, the purpose of this study is to identify and analyze whether Pubic Design of Rural is necessary for public projects that develop the region, and if necessary, to examine the application of public design and the utilization and understanding of practitioners. (Method) A total of 5 districts which included 3 farming areas and 2 fishing villages among the regional development project sites in Gangwon-do, were selected and surveyed for this study. The application of public design analysis table was analyzed using the checklists which were mentioned in the Korea Rural Community Corporation's Public Design Guidelines of Rural : General Discussion and Design of Public Architecture. Moreover the survey was conducted of 20 project participants who have lived in rural areas and have engaged in regional development projects or construction. (Results) As a result of analyzing the project regions, it was found that the applicability of public design was high in the order of 'Connectivity between Facilities', 'Detailed Space Planning', 'Energy Saving' and 'Building Elevation Plan'. According to the guidelines for the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forestry as well as Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, social overhead capital facilities have reformed the land from point-based to space-based, while 'building elevation plan' was found to have low applicability. It was shown that the architectural planning in harmony with the natural environment was important, in order to develop the Pubic Design of Rural distinguished from Urban Public Design. However, design tends to appear as a qualitative result, the difficulty of forming a consensus will be an object to be overcome in the future. As a result of the survey, it was revealed that the awareness of Public Design through company training was high, but the utilization of the guidelines was low because the design was not compulsory. (Conclusions) In order to improve the applicability of public design, it is necessary to expect quality improvement by reflecting Public Design in the institution's management evaluation index. A series of public design support systems must be established from planning to construction in order to achieve the common public design goal of the project. If there is a matter in which the public design guidelines are not suitable for the site, the practitioner must immediately report it, and the person in charge must establish a relationship that can quickly approve the request. Thus, it will greatly contribute to the development of Korea as well as public design.

미국의 대테러법제와 대북제재에 관한 소고

손은지,이욱한 숙명여자대학교 법학연구소 특성화센터 2016 청파법학 Vol.- No.13

인간중심디자인 방법론을 적용한 청소년 자아발견 모바일 어플리케이션 개발

손은지(EUN JI SOHN),이승은(SEUNG EUN LEE),이수정(SU JEONG LEE),임지수(JI SU LIM) 한국HCI학회 2017 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.2

최근 중학교 교육과정에서 학생들의 진로탐색 및 개발을 위해 자유학기제가 교육혁신의 한 방안으로 제시되었다. 본 연구는 자유학기제의 문제점을 인식하고 이에 대한 해결책을 인간중심 디자인 방법론을 통해 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 연구는 사용자 중심 관점을 가장 중심에 두고 진행되었다. 이를 통해 활동간 연계성 부족과 자유학기제 종료 이후의 지속성 결여 측면에서의 문제점을 발견하였다. 따라서 이러한 문제점을 보완하고, 학생들이 자아를 발견할 수 있도록 지원하는 모바일 어플리케이션을 기획하게 되었다. 본 연구는 인간중심디자인 방법론을 활용하여 추상적 문제가 아닌 사용자가 실질적으로 느끼는 근본적인 문제점을 파악하고자 노력하였다. 기존 진로탐색 및 개발 관련 서비스와는 달리, 본 연구에서 제시하는 어플리케이션은 청소년의 진로탐색을 자아발견에서 시작할 수 있도록 지원하는 방향성을 제시하였다는 점에서 의의를 발견할 수 있다.

AI의 안전한 공동체 편입을 위한 합리적 규제설계에 관한 연구

손은지(Eun Ji Son) 중앙대학교 법학연구원 2024 法學論文集 Vol.48 No.1

2024년 3월, UN은 ‘지속 가능한 발전에 유용하면서도 안전하고 위험이 없으며 신뢰할 수 있는 AI 체계 증진’에 관한 결의안(resolution)을 채택하였다. 본 결의안은 본격적인 AI 시대에서의 부적절한 AI 개발의 위험성을 경고하고 디지털 격차 해소 등을 촉구하기 위한 국제적인 합의 마련에 대한 필요성을 강조한다. 이는 AI 개발과 사용을 두고 지속적으로 제기되었던 ‘두머(doomer, 파멸론자) 대 부머(boomer, 개발론자)’ 논쟁 속에서 책임있는 AI 발전 의지와 함께 AI 가 침해할 수 있는 인권과 공동체 가치에 대한 국제사회의 관심을 유도한다. 이렇듯 현재 국제사회의 AI 규제 논의는 기술 육성과 진흥을 위한 국가의 적극적인 정책 마련 및 기술 위험에 대응할 수 있는 적절한 규범체계 구축이라는 ‘규제 딜레마’를 겪고 있다. 그리고 이러한 규제 딜레마는 공동체 규범과 AI 개발・사용 사이의 합리적 균형점을 모색하기 위한 움직임으로 이어진다. 그렇다면 AI 과도기에 살고 있는 우리에게 맞는 규범체계, 즉 체계적인 규제 정립은 어떠한 모습일까. 물론 AI 기술 발전 과정에서 국제사회는 다양한 가이드라인과 지침 등의 형식을 통해 ‘윤리원칙’에 기반한 AI 규제 방안을 제시하였지만, 기술의 급격한 발전과 그에 따른 기본권 침해 위험이 심각해지고 있는 현실에서 이에 대응한 합리적이고 효율적인 규제 체계의 정립이 필요하다. 이러한 규제 체계 설계를 위해 본 연구자는 ‘원칙(principle)’과 ‘규칙(rule)’ 중심의 규제 방식을 적절히 혼용하여 각 영역에서 적용될 수 있는 구체적인 규제설계 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 이러한 규제 체계의 다원화는 상황별-위험별 접근방식을 통해 규제 효율성을 높이는 한편, 규제 적응력을 향상시켜 공동체 내에서의 질서를 형성하고 안전을 도모시킬 것이다. 기술은 규범 체계 안에서 지속가능성을 보장받고, 이러한 기술의 발전은 인류 공영을 위한 긍정적인 역할을 담당함으로써 인간과 AI의 공존을 가능하게 한다. 따라서 ‘AI 기본법’의 제정을 통해 기술규제의 원칙과 방향성, 그리고 정책적 이슈를 제시하고, 독립적인 규제기관을 도입하여 통일적이고 전문적인 규제 태도를 유지할 필요가 있다. 이와 함께 ‘고위험 AI’를 규제할 수 있는 세부적이고 구체적인 법률의 제정 및 규제 보완을 위한 정책적・제도적 차원의 접근, 즉 자율규제를 위한 민관협력 차원의 컴플라이언스와 기술 윤리교육 환경의 조성 등의 노력을 통해 AI의 안전한 공동체 편입을 시도한다. 이와 같은 다원적 규제체계의 정립은 기술 혁신과 규제 사이의 적절한 균형을 제시하기 위한 방안이 될 것이다. In March 2024, the UN adopted a resolution on “Advancing a Sustainable, Safe, Risk-Free, and Trustworthy AI Regime.” This resolution underscores the necessity for international agreements to address the risks of inappropriate AI development in the era of comprehensive AI and to urge the resolution of digital disparities. It stimulates international attention to human rights and communal values that AI may infringe upon, amid the ongoing debate between “doomers” and “boomers” regarding responsible AI development and the societal interest in AI's potential harms. Currently, the international discourse on AI regulation is experiencing a regulatory dilemma of establishing an appropriate regulatory framework to foster technological advancement and address technological risks. This regulatory dilemma leads to efforts to seek a rational balance between communal norms and AI development and usage. So, what might an appropriate regulatory framework look like for us living in the AI era? While international society has proposed AI regulatory measures based on ethical principles, the rapid advancement of technology and the increasing risk of infringement on fundamental rights necessitate the establishment of a rational and efficient regulatory framework. To design such a regulatory system, the researcher intends to propose specific regulatory design plans by appropriately blending principle- and rule-centered regulatory approaches that can be applied in various domains. The diversification of this regulatory framework through situation-specific and risk-based approaches aims to enhance regulatory efficiency while improving regulatory adaptability to form order within the community and foster safety. Technology ensures sustainability within a normative framework, and its development plays a positive role in serving the common good of humanity, enabling the coexistence of humans and AI. Therefore, there is a need to enact an “AI Basic Law” to present the principles and directions of technology regulation, address policy issues, and introduce independent regulatory bodies to maintain a unified and professional regulatory stance. This will serve as a prerequisite for striking an appropriate regulatory balance between technological innovation and regulation. Alongside this, efforts are made to attempt the safe integration of AI into the community through the enactment of detailed and specific laws regulating “high-risk AI,” as well as policy and institutional approaches for regulatory complementation, such as public-private cooperation for self-regulation, and the establishment of environments for technical ethics education.

효소 전처리에 의한 상황버섯 β-glucan 추출물의 특성

손은지 ( Eun Ji Son ),류은아 ( Eun-ah Ryu ),이상한 ( Sang-han Lee ),김영찬 ( Young-chan Kim ),황인욱 ( In-wook Hwang ),정신교 ( Shin-kyo Chung ) 한국응용생명화학회 2018 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.61 No.1

This study was conducted to establish optimized β- glucan extraction method through enzymatic hydrolysis from Phellinus baumii and investigate β-glucan contents and physicochemical properties. The optimal condition was obtained with the enzyme concentration of 0.66% (v/v), reaction time of 6.08 h (R2=0.9245) and the β-glucan contents from the Phellinus baumii extracts under the optimized condition was 1.9594 g/100 g. β- Glucan yield (0.76-16.40%) of enzyme beta-glucan extract (EBE) was three fold higher than that of non-enzyme beta-glucan extract (NEBE). β-Glucan purity (11.15-59.05%) of non-enzyme betaglucan (NEB) and that of enzyme beta-glucan (EB) were higher than that of NEBE and that of EBE. β-Glucan purity of EB (59.05%) and β-glucan contents of EB (3.38 g/100 g) showed higher than those of others. Total sugar contents (0.61-1.17 mg/ mL) showed that NEB and EB were higher than that of NEBE and EBE, EB had the highest total sugar content as 1.17 mg/mL, respectively. Protein contents (0.44-11.73 mg/mL) of NEBE and that of EBE were higher than that of NEB, that of EB. In FT-IR spectrum, the band at 890 cm^-1 of microcapsule was attributed to a β-1,3-glucan. The toxicities of β-glucan from Phellinus baumii in both melanoma cell lines was determined using 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoli um bromide assay and β-glucan from Phellinus baumii has no toxicity until 30 μg/mL. The effects of β-glucan from Phellinus baumii on inhibition of cancer cell proliferation were detected by using a wound healing assay. The effect of NEB and EB were higher than NEBE and EBE, especially 30 μg/mL of EB had the highest in both melanoma cell lines.