EEG, fMRI, EAV 및 SQUID장치(裝置)를 이용(利用)한 기공현상(氣功現狀) 측정(測定)

정찬원,최찬헌,윤유식,소철호,나창수,장경선,Jeong, Chan-Won,Choi, Chan-Hun,Yoon, Wu-Sik,So, Cheal-Ho,Na, Chang-Su,Jang, Kyeong-Seon 경락경혈학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Objectives : Human physiological changes in the state of qigong has been measured using EEG(Electroencephalography), functional MRI(functional Magnetic Resonance Image), EAV(Electro-Acupuncture according to Voll) and SQUID(Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) measurements. Methods & Results : EEGs were measured to study the differences between Qigong masters and Qi receiver on the changes of EEG. During Qigong, an alpha waves were increased. The power spectra indicate that the peak frequency of alpha waves increased during Qigong. Qi receiver's EEG signals seemed to affected by the state of himself. Brain activation did not observed when qigong master concentrates the Qi at Laogong(P8). But a localization of fMRI signal in the sensory cortex was observed by electric acupuncture stimulation at Laogong(P8). Five phase deviation of EAV were clearly changed in the both cases of Qigong master and Qi receiver. When a Qigong master concentrates the Qi at Yintang, Laogong(P8), Qihai(CV6) meridian points during Qigong state, the change of magnetic field around acupoints Yintang, Laogong points has been measured using 40-Channel DROS-SQUID apparatus. After smoothing process of the continuously measured magnetic signal around acupoints for a few minutes, we could observe that a series of peaks, magnitude of -1.0~2.5pT appeared. But there was no significant difference in changes of magnetic signal around acupoints. Physical signals of magnetocardiogram has been measured by using 2-Channel DROS SQUID(Magnetocardiogram). Physical signals of magnetocardiogram were clealy changed at the ST segments after S-wave when qigong master concentrates the Qi.

CNG 연료탱크의 내압상승시 발생하는 음향방출 변수들의 분포

지현섭,이종오,주노회,이종규,소철호,Jee, Hyun-Sup,Lee, Jong-O,Ju, No-Hoe,Lee, Jong-Kyu,So, Cheal-Ho 한국재료학회 2011 한국재료학회지 Vol.21 No.11

This is a study on the distribution of acoustic emission parameters during a burst test for a type-II CNG vehicle fuel tank. A resonant AE sensor with a central frequency of 150 kHz was attached to the composite materials in the center of the fuel tank. The pressure was increased from 30 to 100% of the expected burst pressure and was maintained for 10 minutes at each level. Damage at 70% of expected burst pressure occurred by various damage mechanisms including fiber breakage and delamination, while that of below 60% only occurred by matrix crack initiation and growth. The count, duration and rise time of the AE signal at 60% of the expected burst pressure are distributed below 500, 5000 ${\mu}s$ and 300 ${\mu}s$, respectively. Then, at above 70% they increased with pressure by superimposing of individual AE signal generated at a nearby place. These results confirmed that the analysis of the distribution of AE parameters is an effective tool for estimating damage of a CNG fuel tank.

영수보사(迎隨補瀉)와 원방보사(圓方補瀉) 수기법(手技法)의 정량적(定量的) 연구(硏究)

나창수,박찬규,장경선,소철호,Na, Chang-Su,Park, Chan-Kyu,Jang, Kyung-Sun,So, Cheal-Ho 대한침구의학회 2000 대한침구의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Previously two papers dealing with YoungSu(against the meridian course and following the course of the meridian) Acupuncture were published by our group. Here we are reporting the further analysis of YoungSu and WonBang(by twisting and rotating the needle) acupuncture methods. It is very important to understand objectively the Qi variation induced by the reinforcing-reducing manipulation method in the acupuncture therapy. We decided the medical treatment by utilizing the PyongChi Method (a kind of method to figure out the way of treatment by observing the unbalanced state of five phases). The Qi variation in the meridian treated by YoungSu and WonBang, the recovery of five phases deviation were measured by choosing single acupoint instead of complex acupoints. By using Youngsu and WonBang, we increased or decreased the Qi of the phase which caused the unbalanced state. We observed whether the Qi of the treated meridian can be increased and if the state of unbalance can be recovered. To achieve the effect of reinforcing-reducing, we needed a correct choice of treating method and a selection of a proper meridian in advance. This study was carried out by adding another way of acupuncture from the previous paper. We discovered that the effects of reinforcing-reducing by each manipulation method could be superposed each other when two counteracting Youngsu and WonBang methods were treated at the left and the right side of human body which was correspondent with our previous paper. We found that the Qi variation of the treated meridian, which was induced by Youngsu and WonBang, was linearly proportional to the reduction of five phase deviations. The slope of Qi variation was almost similar (y = -0.413x - 0.138) as that of previous paper (y = -0.266x - 0.038, Y = -0.446x - 0.079). It is assumed that the addition of other basic methods on the top of reinforcing-reducing manipulation method would magnify the effect of acupuncture.

모혈(募穴)의 탄력(彈力) 상태(狀態) 측정(測定)에 의한 허실(虛實) 진단(診斷) 연구(硏究)

나창수,윤여충,박현철,이동규,최찬헌,장경선,소철호,Na, Chang-Su,Yoon, Yeo-Choong,Park, Hyun-Cheal,Lee, Dong-Kyu,Choi, Chan-Hern,Jang, Kyung-Sun,So, Cheal-Ho 대한침구의학회 2000 대한침구의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The meridian system is the most essential and basic connecting structure that maintains the vital activities of viscera and bowels by connecting them with each part of body's surface. Doctors can understand the healthy condition, and the region and deficiency-excessiveness of disease by observing the condition of Qi flowing. Deficiency and excessiveness could be differentiated by various symptoms expressed in meridian system. Especially there could be several clues like pain, heat-cold, protuberance-depression, change of color and shine in the line of channel leads to the judgment of deficiency-excessiveness The diagnosis of deficiency and excessiveness can be generalized by quantification of elastic status in skin surface along the meridian system. By comparing data from measurement of elastic condition with those from traditional deficiency and excessiveness, it could be utilized for the development of oriental medicine. All biological activities in the human body are based on meridian system according to the oriental medicine. Also the meridian system is viewed as basic and essential structure connecting internal viscera and each part of body. The areas of expressed channel phenomena are muscle to bone, muscle to muscle and bone to bone. These areas are called depression where meridian system is present and any changing state on those points can be measured. It could be difficult in diagnosing the reaction of meridian system because doctor can depend on his own judgment. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify and indexate channel reactions. To quantify the channel reactions, specially manufactured instrument was used to quantify the protuberance and depression to differentiate the deficiency and excessiveness. The results follow as below; 1. The elastic index measurement by the equipment proved a pattern of agreement showing the values that ranged within standard deviation 0.05kgf/cm throughout the experiment except few cases' measurement in CV-17. 2. To evaluate the state of deficiency & excessiveness of elastic index measurements in frontal point, elastic index measurements in the front paint were compared to the elastic index measured surrounding the point within 2.5 cm. Such result of indexing procedure was closely matched to the concept of palpitation. 3. If the elastic index values in the surrounding front point closely located to the elastic index values in the front point, the judgement on the state of deficiency and excessiveness was delayed. Otherwise, it was judged as deficiency or excessiveness. 4. Out of total 12 cases of comparing the elastic index values to the elastic index values in the surrounding front point, Three to nine front points were judged as either in the state of deficiency or excessiveness. 5. Among the nine front points judged as either in the state of deficiency or excessiveness, Four cases were matched to the electric index measured by EAV that evaluating the internal organs by five different phases. If more clinical cases are accumulated, it is expected to systematically theorize and improve the concept of deficiency and excessiveness in the internal organs using the front point.

CNG 연료탱크의 피로시험시 발생하는 음향방출신호 위치표정

지현섭(Hyun Sup Jee),이종오(Jong O Lee),주노희(No Hoe Ju),소철호(Cheal Ho So),이종규(Jong Kyu Lee) 대한기계학회 2011 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2011 No.10

This research seeks to evaluate damage on the fuel tank by an acoustic emission test when executing 20000 cycles fatigue test and thereafter burst test. Used gas cylinders in the experimental are three types as follows; one is sound cylinder, others are cylinders which contain longitudinal and transverse artificial defect. The size of artificial defect is a depth of 3 mm, width of 3 mm and length of 50 mm. In the case of the cylinder which artificial defect, unlike the expectation that it will burst in low pressure, the burst pressure of the cylinder did not differ much according to whether or not there were defects. However, when there was longitudinal defect, the location of burst was near the location of defect. This leads to the effect in which the thickness of the composite material becomes thinner according to the length of the longitudinal defect and this is judged to have an effect on the location of initiation and growth of crack in the liner. Also, for the acoustic emission signal, when there is longitudinal defect, the ratio of an event occurring at defect position among overall hits is more than 50 %, and the source location also accords very precisely with defect position.

미주신경(迷走神經)과 경혈(經穴) 주위신경(周圍神經) 차단시(遮斷時) 족삼리(足三里) 어제(魚際) 자침(刺鍼)이 위운동(胃運動)에 미치는 영향(影響)

서형주 ( Hyung Joo Seo ),김정상 ( Jeong Sang Kim ),장경선 ( Kyeong Seon Jang ),소철호 ( Cheal Ho So ),나창수 ( Chang Su Na ) 대한경락경혈학회 2000 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.17 No.2

To confirm the meridian system and acupoints a pathways of functional structure, ST-36 and LU-10 were stimulated under the three conditions of nerve intact, surrounding nerve block and vagal nerve block. The results were expressed as gastric movement comparison. 1. Under nerve intact condition with ST-36 acupuncture, the stomach motility showed tendency of increase and decrease during acupuncture and following acupuncture, respectively. In the case of LU-10, the gastric activities were decreased at both circumstances. 2. When ST-36 was stimulated with sciatic nerve severed, the gastric activities were decreased at both circumstances. When LU-10 was stimulated with both median nerve and radial nerve severed, the gastric activities were decreased at both circumstances. 3. With vagal nerve severed, acupuncture of ST-36 and LU-10 caused the gastric movements to be decreased at both circumstances. 4. With ST-36 stimulated, the gastric activity showed a gradual increase with an order of nerve intact, sciatic nerve block and vagal nerve block. However, it was a gradual decrease with an order of nerve intact, radial block and vagal nerve block. Overall, ST-36 stimulation caused the stomach activity to be decreased with surrounding nerve and vagal nerve block and this was very similar in the LU-10. It is concluded that meridian system has a very close relationship with nervous system.

유리섬유강화 복합재료 가스실린더의 복합재료 파괴시 발생하는 음향방출 특성

지현섭(Hyun-Sup Jee),이종오(Jong-O Lee),주노회(No-Hoe Ju),소철호(Cheal Ho So),이종규(Jong-Kyu Lee) 한국비파괴검사학회 2013 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.33 No.5

본 연구에서는 유리섬유강화 복합재료 가스실린더의 복합재료의 파괴시 발생하는 음향방출신호의 특성을 살펴보기 위하여 실린더의 외부를 감싸고 있는 복합재료를 유리섬유묶음과 시편으로 가공하여 파괴시험을 실시하였다. 유리섬유묶음에 칼날을 압입하여 유리섬유가 파괴될 때 발생한 음향방출 신호의 진폭은 칼날의 절단각도가 커짐에 따라 유리섬유의 절단면이 증가되어 음향방출신호의 진폭이 증가되는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 복합재료 시편파괴시 감긴방향 파괴는 수직방향 파괴에 비해 hit 수는 적지만 섬유 절단각이 커짐에 따라 진폭은 높게 나타났다. 섬유감긴방향으로 시편파괴시 신호문턱값을 32 dB로 설정했을 경우는 40 dB로 설정했을 때는 나타나지 않았던 기지파괴 신호가 급격하게 나타나는 것으로 보아 기지파괴시 신호진폭은 40 dB 이하이고 유리섬유 파괴신호의 진폭은 40 dB이상 임을 알 수 있었다. 음향방출 신호의 진폭기울기는 음향방출원과 관련이 있으며, 섬유감긴방향으로 칼날을 압입했을 때 그 기울기는 0.08이고 수직방향일 때는 0.16로 구분되었다. 특히 수직방향 파괴의 경우 유리섬유묶음의 절단시 나타나는 진폭 기울기와 유사하여 시편의 수직방향파괴시 발생하는 신호의 주 음향방출원은 유리섬유파괴로 추정할 수 있다. This study is investigation of the characteristics for acoustic emission signal generated by destruction on glass fiber bundles and specimen that was machined composite materials surrounding the outside of GFRP cylinder. The Amplitude of acoustic emission signal gets bigger as the cutting angle of knife increases. Accordingly, the number of hits in destruction of composite materials specimen have more in longitudinal direction (longitudinal direction to the glass fiber) than in hoop direction (horizontal direction to the glass fiber) while the amplitude of signals were bigger in hoop direction than longitudinal direction. It was found out that the amplitude of the glass fiber breakage is more than 40 dB and that the amplitude of signal for matrix crack was less than 40 dB because matrix crack signal was not observed when threshold value is 40 dB and matrix crack signal suddenly appered when threshold value is 32 dB. The slope of the amplitude is related to the acoustic emission source and the slope of the amplitude of the horizontal and vertical directions are 0.16 and 0.08. In particular, The slope of the amplitude of longitudinal direction breakage appear similar to the glass fiber breakage and therefore Acoustic emission source of longitudinal direction breakage is estimated the glass fiber breakage.

인공결함을 가진 CNG 연료탱크의 피로시험시 발생하는 음향방출 신호변수의 분석

지현섭(Hyun Sup Jee),이종오(Jong O Lee),주노희(No Hoe Ju),소철호(Cheal Ho So),이종규(Jong Kyu Lee) 대한기계학회 2011 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2011 No.10

This paper seeks to evaluate the acoustic emission test and the damage mechanism of cylinder after 20,000 cycles fatigue tests on type II gas cylinder with artificial defects. We were able to evaluate the damage mechanism through an analysis of acoustic emission parameters, such as the average rise time and average frequency of hits related to events, and the slope of amplitude distribution. According to the results, the average rise time of event signals was 30-90 ㎲ and the rise time of signals due to the growth of matrix crack was shorter than one from the initiation of matrix cracks. The initial and reverberation frequency of signals that occur from to the initiation and growth of matrix cracks were above 100-200 kHz and 150 kHz, respectively. In the amplitude distribution of signals that occurred during fatigue test has a characteristic slope of 0.04, 0.06, and 0.12 is estimated to be from the initiation of matrix crack, growth of liner fatigue crack and growth of matrix crack.

음향방출을 이용한 Type3 용기의 손상 평가 연구

이종오(Jong-O Lee),지현섭(Hyun-Sup Jee),주노회(No-Hoe Ju),소철호(Cheal-Ho So),이종규(Jong-Kyu Lee),김영규(Young-Gyu Kim) 한국가스학회 2012 한국가스학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.5

피로시험시 발생하는 음향방출신호를 이용한 Type Ⅱ Gas Cylinder의 손상평가

지현섭(Hyun Sup Jee),이종오(Jong O Lee),주노회(No Hoe Ju),소철호(Cheal Ho So),이종규(Jong Kyu Lee) 한국가스학회 2012 한국가스학회지 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구는 Type Ⅱ가스실린터의 20,000 회 피로시험과 파열시험시 음향방출시험을 병행하여 용기의 손상정도를 평가하고자 하였으며, 실험에 사용된 용기는 결함 크기가 3 mm×3 mm×50 mm (폭×깊이×길이)이고 결함 방향이 용기의 종방향 및 횡방향인 인공결함용기와 건전한 용기 등 세 종류이다. 피로시험시 발생된 음향방출신호는 종방향결함의 경우 전체 신호 중 결함에서 발생된 이벤트의 비율이 50 % 이상이며, 음향방출신호의 위치표정도 매우 정확하게 일치하였다. 또한 파열시험에서는 인공결함용기가 결함 위치에서 에상파열압력보다 낮은 압력으로 파열될거라는 예상과는 달리 인공결함용기의 파열압력은 건전한 용기와 큰 차이가 없었으며, 단지 종방향 인공결함용기의 경우 파열위치가 결함 위치와 근접하게 발생하였다. 이는 종방향 결함의 길이만큼 복합재료의 두께가 얇아지는 효과로 나타나게 되어 금속라이너의 피로반복시 결함 발생과 성장위치에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. This research seeks to evaluate damage on type Ⅱgas cylinder by an acoustic emission test when executing 20000 cycles fatigue test and thereafter burst test. Used gas cylinders in the experimental are three types as follows; one is sound cylinder, others are cylinders which contain longitudinal and transverse artificial defect. The size of artificial defect is a depth of 3 mm, width of 3 mm and length of 50 mm. In the case of the cylinder which artificial defect, unlike the expectation that it will burst in low pressure, the burst pressure of the cylinder did not differ much according to whether or not there were defects. However, when there was longitudinal defect, the location of burst was near the location of defect. This leads to the effect in which the thickness of the composite material becomes thinner according to the length of the longitudinal defect and this is judged to have an effect on the location of initiation and growth of crack in the liner. Also, for the acoustic emission signal, when there is longitudinal defect, the ratio of an event occurring at defect position among overall hits is more than 50 %, and the source location also accords very precisely with defect position.