콘택트렌즈 재질 및 침착 단백질에 따른 균 흡착 정도와 다목적용액의 살균력 비교

성형경,김소라,박미정 한국안광학회 2015 한국안광학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Purpose: The present study was aimed to compare the difference in adherence level of microorganisms accordingto contact lens materials and protein deposition and to evaluate disinfection efficacy of multipurpose solution. Methods: The evaluations of micro-organisms' adherence and disinfection efficacy of multi-purpose solutionwere conducted by employing the Part 2. Regimen Procedure for Disinfecting Regiments in the DisinfectionEfficacy Testing under the “FDA Evaluation Criteria & Method”. Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratiamarcescens, Candida albicans except Staphylococcus aureus adhered more on etafilcon A lens and disinfectionefficacy of total 4 products investigated was almost perfect except Candida albicans. The 3 micro-organismsexcept Serratia marcescens adhered more to albumin-predeposited lens. Disinfection efficacy of multi-purposesolution was higher against the micro-organisms adhered to albumin-deposited lens than against the microorganismsadhered to the lysozyme-deposited lens. Furthermore, disinfection efficacy of multi-purpose solutionwas different according to types of micro-organisms. Conclusions: It was revealed that the type of microorganisms,the lens materials and type of absorbed tear protein affected the amount of adhered micro-organismsto contact lens and that adhesion of tear protein could induce the change of disinfection efficacy of multi-purposesolution. It suggest that the hygienic condition of contact lens can vary by these factors influencing ondisinfection efficacy and the occurrence of adverse effect can be affected. 목적: 콘택트렌즈 재질 및 렌즈에 침착된 단백질 종류에 따른 균의 흡착력을 비교하고 관리용품의 살균력 차이를측정하고자 하였다. 방법: FDA 평가기준 및 방법인 Disinfection Efficacy Testing의 Part 2. Regimen Procedure ForDisinfecting Regimens에 따라 균 흡착 및 관리용품의 살균력 측정실험을 실시하였다. 결과: 포도상구균을 제외한 녹농균, 세라티아균, 칸디다균은 etafilcon A 렌즈에 더 많이 흡착되었으며, 4종의 다목적용액은 칸디다균을 제외한 모든 균에서 거의 완벽한 살균력을 나타냈다. 눈물 단백질을 침착시킨 렌즈에서 세라티아를 제외한 모든 균은 알부민침착 렌즈에서의 흡착이 많았으며, 다목적용액의 살균력은 라이소자임 침착 렌즈에 흡착된 균보다 알부민 침착 렌즈에 흡착된 균에서 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 균의 종류에 따라 다목적 용액의 살균력이 달랐다. 결론: 균의 종류, 콘택트렌즈 재질, 침착된 눈물 단백질의 종류가 콘택트렌즈에 흡착되는 균의 양에 영향을 주며, 눈물 단백질의침착은 다목적용액에 의한 살균력에 변화를 초래할 수 있음을 밝혔다. 이러한 살균력에 영향을 주는 요인에 의해콘택트렌즈 위생상태가 달라지며 부작용 발생 여부가 영향을 받을 수 있음을 제안한다.

콘택트렌즈 관리용품의 살균력 효능 검사법 비교

성형경(Hyung Kyung Sung),변현영(Hyun Young Byun),김소라(So Ra Kim),박미정(Mi Jung Park) 한국안광학회 2014 한국안광학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Purpose:The present study was aimed to compare the results of disinfection efficacy tested by membrane filtration method with dilution-neutralization method to develop the standard methods for evaluating disinfection efficacy of contact lens care products and to provide the result of disinfection efficacy of commercially available contact lens care products in domestic market. Methods: The results of disinfection efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Candida albicans evaluated by membrane filtration method as a FDA standard and dilution-neutralization method as newly being a KFDA standard were compared and the disinfection efficacy of 16 multi-purpose solutions was further evaluated. Results: The disinfectants and contact lens care products having strong disinfection efficacy showed same results in both membrane filtration method and dilution-neutralization method. In case of contact lens care products having weak disinfection efficacy, the number of micro-organisms was not able to count since the colony was aggregated when evaluated by membrane filtration method. However, the number of micro-organisms was able to exactly count when evaluated by dilution-neutralization method. In addition, some commercially available contact lens care products did not meet disinfection standard and especially, their disinfection effect was often weak against Serratia marcescen and Candida albicans. Conclusions: It is concluded that dilution-neutralization method will be useful to evaluate disinfection efficacy since it is possible to count micro-organisms more precisely even with small amount of sample and check the results faster compared with membrane filtration method.

콘택트렌즈 관리용액의 미셀임계농도 및 표면장력과 세척력 간의 상관관계

변현영,성형경,문준식,이아영,권세영,김소라,박미정 한국안광학회 2014 한국안광학회지 Vol.19 No.1

The present study was aimed to figure out the correlation amongst the evaluation methods for criticalmicelle concentration, surface tension and protein cleaning efficacy to evaluate cleaning efficacy of contact lenscare products. Methods: The critical micelle concentration of surfactants and the actual concentration ofsurfactants in contact lens care solutions were investigated by employing references published and relatedinformation. Surface tension of contact lens care solutions was measured by surface tension device at 25±1oC,and contact lenses made of lotrafilcon A, comfilcon A and balafilcon A were washed with contact lens caresolutions after the incubation in artificial tears for 14 days and their cleaning efficacy was compared. Results:Among the 22 contact lens care products, 9 products provided the label of the concentration of surfactant, and 7products showed higher concentration of surfactant than the critical micelle concentration reported in references. As a result of measuring surface tension, the surface tension of lens care products for soft contact lens wasgenerally lower than other care products. When examined the removal effect of protein deposited on lens surface,it was known that the care products having lower surface tension showed higher protein removal efficiency. Conclusions: The surface tension is low when surfactant concentration in contact lens care solutions is high, andthe removal effect of protein deposited is accordingly increased with the decrease of surface tension. Thus, theseindicate the correlation amongst the evaluation methods for cleaning efficacy. 본 연구에서는 콘택트렌즈 관리용품의 세척력 평가를 위해 미셀임계농도 평가법, 표면장력 평가법 및 단백질세척효율평가법의 상관관계에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 계면활성제의 미셀임계농도와 실제 콘택트렌즈 관리용액의 계면활성제 농도를 문헌과 관련 자료들을 이용하여 조사하였다. 표면장력기기로 25±1oC에서 콘택트렌즈 관리용액의 표면장력을 측정하였으며, lotrafilcon A, comfilcon A, balafilcon A재질의 렌즈를 인공누액에 14일 동안 침착시킨 후 콘택트렌즈 관리용액으로 세척하여 세척효율을 비교하였다. 결과: 콘택트렌즈 관리용품 22제품 중 계면활성제 농도가 표시된 제품은 9제품이었으며 문헌상의 미셀임계농도보다 계면활성제 농도가 더 높은 제품은 7제품이었다. 표면장력을 측정한 결과 대체적으로 소프트렌즈용 관리용품의 표면장력이 다른 관리용품보다 낮음을 알 수 있었으며, 렌즈에 침착된 단백질 제거효과 분석 결과에서는 표면장력이 더 낮은 제품의 단백질 제거효율이 더 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 콘택트렌즈 관리용액의 계면활성제 농도가 높은 경우 표면장력이 낮으며, 표면장력이 낮을수록 침착된 단백질 세척 효율이 높아져 세척력 평가법 간에 서로 상관관계가 있음을 밝혔다.

코드할당에 의한 다치논리함수의 모듈러 함수분해에 관한 연구

최재석,박춘명,성형경,박승용,김형수 대한전자공학회 1998 電子工學會論文誌, C Vol.c35 No.7

This paper presents modular design techniques of multiple-valued logic functions about the function decomposition method and input variable management method. The function decomposition method takes avantage of the property of the column multiplicity in a single-column variable partitioning. Due to the increased number of identical modules, we can achieve a simpler circuit design by using a single T-gate, which can eliminate some of the control functions in the module libraty types. The input variable management method is to reduce the complexity of the input variables by proposing the look up table which assign input variables to a code. In this case as the number of sub-functions increase the code-length and the size of the code-assignment table grow. We identify some situations where shard input variables among sub-functions can be further reduced by a simplicication technique. According to the result of adapting this method to a function, we have demonstrated the superiority of the proposed methods which is bing decreased to about 12% of interconnection and about 16% of T-gate numbers compare with th eexisting for th enon-symmetric and irregular function realization.

초등학교 고학년의 생활습관에 따른 근시도의 분석

김효진,임현성,성형경,이슬이 대한시과학회 2011 대한시과학회지 Vol.13 No.4

목 적: 초등학교 고학년을 대상으로 생활습관에 따른 근시 정도를 분석하여 근시의 관련 요인을 알아보 고자 하였다. 방 법: 2009년 9월부터 2010년 5월까지 서울과 아산에 위치하고 있는 8개 초등학교의 남녀 학생 중 안 질환과 사시나 약시가 없는 257명을 대상으로 자동굴절력계를 사용하여 굴절이상도를 검사하였다. 시력관리 에 대한 항목으로 시력교정 상태, 현재 착용하는 안경의 눈 검사 시기와 안경의 착용 실태에 대해서 조사하 였고, 생활습관 관련 항목은 컴퓨터 사용시간, 독서 시간과 독서 자세, TV 시청 자세, 1일 실외 생활시간 그 리고 부모의 근시 여부를 포함하였다. 대상자의 등가구면굴절력은 -9.38D~+0.38D로 평균연령은 12.74±0.44세(12~13세), 남녀대상자는 남 99명(40.7%)와 여 144명(59.3%) 이었다. 결 과: 전체 대상자들의 평균 등가구면굴절력은 -2.01±1.86D로 지역별 차이는 없었다(서울: -1.87± 0.49D, 충남: 평균 -2.09±1.86D, p=0.374). 전체 대상자 중 안경을 착용하지 않는 그룹에서 72.5%가 근 시였고, 안경착용 그룹에서는 눈 검사를 받은 지 6개월이 지난 학생이 34.6%였다. 성별, 1일 2시간 이상의 독서 시간과 소파, 바닥, 거실바닥에 엎드려 보는 나쁜 독서 자세, TV 시청 자세, 1일 실외에서의 생활시간 에 따라서 근시의 정도는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 1일 컴퓨터 사용시간이 2시간 이상(2시간 미만: -1.80±1.68D, 2시간 이상: -2.36±2.07D, p=0.026)일 경우에는 근시의 경향이 높았고, 부모 모두 근시가 있을 때 자녀의 굴절이상도는 평균 -2.78±2.36D, 둘 중 한명만 근시일 경우는 -1.95±1.75D, 둘 다 근시 가 없을 때는 -1.60±1.44D를 보였다(p=0.001). 결 론: 1일 컴퓨터 사용시간과 부모의 근시 여부에 따라 초등학교 고학년 학생의 근시 정도가 높아졌다. Purpose: This study aims to investigate related factors of myopia by analyzing the degree of myopia depending on the lifestyle in an upper grade of elementary school. Method: Among 12~13 year-old male and female students attending in 8 elementary schools located in Seoul and Asan-si from Sep. 2009 to May 2010, 257 students, who did not have any eye diseases and strabismus, were selected to exam the degree of refractive error by using autorefractometer. Regarding the items on vision care, the current statuses of vision correction as well as the eye check-up period of the currently wearing spectacles and actual condition of spectacles wearing were examined while hours of computer use, hours and posture when reading, posture when watching TV, and presence of parents` myopia were accessed for the items related to lifestyle. The average spherical equivalent of the subjects was -2.01±1.86D(-9.38D~+0.38D) and average age was 12.74±0.44(12~13) year-old having 59.3% of female students. Result: In the group that did not wear spectacles out of the entire subjects, 72.5% was myopia and those who had eye check-up more than 6 months ago were 34.6% in the glasses wearing group. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of the refractive error depending on sex, reading hours more than 2 hours a day, bad reading posture laying on a couch and floor, posture when watching TV, and time spent outside a day. In case of having more than 2 hours of computer use a day (less than 2 hours: -1.80±1.68D, more than 2 hours: -2.36±2.07D, p=0.026), the subjects tended to be myopia. Also when parents had myopia, the degree of refractive error in their child was -2.78±2.36D in average while the degree of refractive error was -1.95±1.75D if either one of the subjects` parents was myopia. For the parents with no myopia, the refractive error was -1.60±1.44D (p=0.001). Conclusion: Depending on the hours of daily computer use and presence of parents` myopia, the degree of myopia got increased.

소프트콘택트렌즈 단백질제거제의 효능 평가법 분석

변현영(Hyun Young Byun),성형경(Hyung Gyeong Sung),원혜림(Hye Lim Won),심지인(Ji In Shim),박미정(Mi Jung Park),김소라(So Ra Kim) 한국안광학회 2014 한국안광학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Purpose:The present study was conducted to establish the experimental condition for the proper evaluation of protein removal efficacy when developing protein removal agents. Its protein removal efficacy was further analyzed and compared with the result from protein removal efficacy against protein deposition on contact lens to suggest the evaluation method for efficacy of protein removal agents. Methods: Protein digestibility assay presented in the Korean pharmacopoeia was selected to establish the evaluation method for efficacy of papain, pancreatin, subtilisin A and protease itself as a ingredient and protein removal tablets or solution containing those enzymes and find a suitable test conditions. Furthermore, the cleaning efficacy of commercially available protein removal tablets and solution on balafilcon A lens deposited with protein artificially was measured and the correlation between two evaluation methods was further analyzed. Results: When pancreatin itself and the product containing pancreatin was evaluated by protein digestibility assay, both reached 28 IU/mg, the standard value of protein digestibility suggested by the Korean pharmacopoeia. In case of protease and subtilisin A tested with trichloroacetic acid B solution, both of them met the enzyme activity level proposed by the manufacturers when they were evaluated by protein digestibility assay however, papain and subtilisin A tested with trichloroacetic acid A solution were not reached the enzyme activity level. Among protein removal agents, three products except a product containing pancreatin did not meet the enzyme activity value specified by the manufacturer when they were evaluated by protein digestibility assay. However, actual protein removal efficacy of three products except a papain-containing product on the lens was greater than 90% protein removal. In the case of papain-containing protein removal product, its effect was not measured by protein digestibility assay however, its actual protein removal efficacy on the lens reached 73.72%. Conclusions: From the results, it was confirmed that the efficacy of protein removal agents for contact lens should be evaluated by different method according to the type of proteolytic enzyme contained. That is, the protein removal agents containing pancreatin, protease and subtilisin A can be evaluated by protein digestibility assay and protein removal efficiency evaluation and the products containing papain can be effectively evaluated by only the evaluation method for protein removal efficiency employing the lens.