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자유판매제 전면 실시에 따른 문제점과 보완대책 - 산지 어시장제도를 중심으로 -
박장일(Jang Il Park) 한국수산경영학회 1995 수산경영론집 Vol.26 No.1
Recently our government intended to change the present fisheries management system into the allocated catch quota system, which is to increase the income of fishermen and to recover the depleted resources up to a desirable level. This paper is to find out the difficulties of introducing the allocated catch quota system into our fisheries management system and to reduce the possible errors for the enforcement of this system. The allocated catch quota system can be devided by two kinds, the one is to allocate among industries or fisheries with total allowable catch(TAC) and the other is to allocate among fishermen or individual vessels with individual fish quota(ITQ). The latter is a much advanced control system compared with the former and is what this study treats. This paper reviewed the case of Newzealand and Canada where the ITQ system is introduced earlier and classified the problems by two parts for successful introduction into Korea as follows : (1) allocation method problems, (2) enforcement problems. For the first part the problems to be considered are 1) a scientific cath qouta calculation system is necessary, 2) the quota must be opened, 3) by - catch problems. 4) interactions with adjoining countries. For the second part the problems to be considered are 1) monitoring system, 2) quota transferability, 3) quota flexibility, 4) the enforcement of the system must be connected with the reduction of fishing power, 5) a mass communication and decision making system between government and fishermen is essential.
한국 연근해어업의 합리적 관리를 위한 LP 모형의 도입방안에 관한 연구
박장일(Jang Il Park) 한국수산경영학회 1994 수산경영론집 Vol.25 No.1
Many studies to cope with the present problems of Korean coastal and offshore fisheries has been performed, but these were done partly in necessities and general studies for Korean inshore and offshore fisheries are in early stage. Most of these studies adopted analytical way of approach for each fishery individually and they could not reflect the effect of correlated interaction among fisheries on the several common species/stocks, and thus optimal effort allocation was impossible. To consider general fisheries and optimal effort allocation among competing mixed species, a linear programming (LP) approach is applied in this study and introduced into 16 important inshore and offshore fisheries with 13 constraining species which were chosen by annual yield order. This study is not based on the biological interaction among species (i.e., prey - predator system) but the technological interaction between species and fishing efforts. For the application of LP model in these fisheries, the standardization of fishing efforts through different fishing gears could not be successful and a new way of effort standardization through CPUE for vessel tonnage was originated. Total standardized fishing effort on a particular species i, Ei, is computed as the linear summation of standardized fishing effort generated by each fishery j. That is, (수식) where f_j is the total vessel tonnage of fishery j and aij is the coefficients contributing to the standardized fishing effort per ton for species i taken in fishery j. The total fishing effort level on species i due to both directed fishing and by - catch can thus be accounted in the aij`s. Optimal effort allocation among the j fisheries may be considered a minimizing problem (minimize Σf_j), subject to the constraints that standardized fishing effort levels on particular species are maintained at, above, and below certain predefined levels. Fishing effort goals for individual species can be based on various biological and/or economic criteria, i. e., fishing effort level generating maximum sustainable yield and/or maximum economic yield. But in this study the F_(0.1) criteria which was accepted as an approximate level for F_(mey) by Gulland and Boerema`s (1973) study. The findings of this study are, (1) LP model can be applied to the Korean inshore and offshore fisheries giobally. (2) Through a new way of combining multiple different fisheries` efforts for a particular species together generating standardized fishing effort, Schaefer curve could be applied to the complex system successfully. (3) The results of this study for total reduction scale were mostly the same as those of prior studies, but different much from the individual scales of reduction. This study showed the necessities for exploitation of more concrete parameters to put into consideration of profitability of fisheries and social factors, and this model can be modified according to the actual constraints. Also, considering the age structure of stocks, this model can be developed into better one for better fisheries management.
가속노화에 따른 백색 연막수류탄(M8)의 화학적 구조 변화에 관한 연구
박장호,조민수,김영대,이병택,장일호,Park, Jang-Ho,Cho, Min-Su,Kim, Young-Dae,Lee, Byung-Teak,Chang, Il-Ho 한국군사과학기술학회 2011 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.14 No.6
Composition which was used as a white smoke grenade consists of Aluminium(Al), Hexachloroethane(HCE) and Zinc Oxide(ZnO), etc. there is a possibility of misfire due to long term storage and there are very few reports on the mechanism behind misfire. In this study, an experimental method known as accelerated degradation testing is used to investigate the chemical mechanism resulting in misfire. The mechanism of chemical change during long term storage was analyzed with XRD and FT-IR. Analysis results suggest that a part of HCE consisting of the white smoke grenade disappeared and the other part was combined into $ZnCl_2$, $AlCl_3$, as a recycled intermediate product under closed system.