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박영환(Younghwan Park),홍정화(Junghwa Hong),김경훈(Kyunghoon Kim),이인혁(Inhyuk Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2004 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
As the number of wheelchair users increases, the safety of the wheelchair user is becoming a big concern. An increasing number of wheelchair users use their wheelchairs as motor vehicle seats when traveling. A standard requires that compliant wheelchairs be dynamically sled impact tested. However, testing to evaluate the crashworthiness of wheelchair seating systems (WCSS) independent of their wheelchair wheel is not addressed by this standard, To address this need, this study developed a method to evaluate the crashworthiness of WCSS with independent wheels using computer simulation. To secure the safety, minimum strength requirements for the wheelchair are proposed based on the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 207 regulation for the normal seats used in the vehicle. This test protocols, used to test the strength of motor vehicle seats, were modified and used to test the strength of wheelchair frame. Forward and rearward loads were applied at the WCSS center of gravity (CGSS), and a moment was applied at the uppermost point of the seat back. From the simulation, we could know a stress distribution by the applied load. As the result of this study, presents the criteria to minimize the injury of the wheelchair passenger and provides design guidelines to the manufacturers of wheelchair.
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朴永煥 ( Park Younghwan ) 중국어문학회 2020 中國語文學誌 Vol.0 No.71
In general, the Dragon Boat Festival in China is outlined as May 5th, QuYuan, JingDu math: ‘dragon boat race’, ‘Eat Zongzi’ to celebrate him. However, if we take a look at ancient literature records, including the Chinese provinces, it reveals that there is a significant difference from this perception. GeumKye Diary by No-In, who escaped from Japan in Wanli 27(1599) and came to Fujian Province, vividly describes Fujian’s tradition of Dragon Boat Festival from the late 16th century in detail. However, the content goes beyond the common sense that we know about. First, the Dragon Boat Festival does not start on May 5th. It begins on May 1st, some regions even hold events until May 15th. Second, in the southern part of China, during the Dragon Boat Festival, people do ‘dragon boat race’ and Zongzi throwing, whereas the northern part of the country calls the Dragon Boat Festival ‘Girl’s Day,’ mainly performing walk activities. Third, during Korean-Chinese Dragon Boat Festival, Korea holds memorial activities for 500 righteous ancestors, including Tian Heng. It has nothing to do with QuYuan. Lastly, Fujan’s emphasis on the Dragon Boat Festival overwhelms other holidays. In conclusion, through GeumKye Dairy by No In, one can grasp pluralism and abundance of the Dragon Boat Festival in each Chinese region, uniqueness of Korean-Chinese Dragon Boat Festival, and trends of the Dragon Boat Festival, which are significantly helpful in grasping the contents of the different Dragon Boat Festival traditions in each era.
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박영환(Park Younghwan) 한국언어문학회 2007 한국언어문학 Vol.60 No.-
This paper deals with the effective ways for teaching Korean to the students in China.<BR> These efficient methods can be found in the five fields connected with teaching Korean.<BR> They are building the teachers, reforming the curricula, publishing the textbooks, developing the teaching skills and changing the evaluating systems.<BR> In the every field I suggest many successful ways concretely in order to satisfy the goal that the Chinese students can learn Korean easily, satisfactorily and effectively.<BR> For example, in the part of the development and publication of the textbooks seven ideas are suggested as follows.<BR> ① We should study deeply for publishing the useful textbooks.<BR> ② Group researches can be more effective than the personal ones.<BR> ③ Motivation and equivalence are very important.<BR> ④ Many sorts of books should be published according to the user’s levels or needs.<BR> ⑤ Korean textbooks must have the connection with the Korean culture.<BR> ⑥ Handouts or guide books are needed to the teachers or the learners.<BR> ⑦ We have to make sufficient programs for the learners to use multimedia.<BR> By way of experiencing these elementary methods, I hope that most of students in China can learn Korean efficiently.
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국외소재 고려시대 청동정병의 과학적 보존처리 -벨기에 왕립예술역사박물관 소장 유물을 중심으로-
박영환 ( Park Younghwan ),이재성 ( Lee Jaesung ) 공주대학교 문화재보존과학연구소 2022 문화재과학기술 Vol.17 No.1
한국-벨기에 수교 120주년을 기념하여 벨기에 왕립예술역사박물관에서 소장하고 있던 청동정병을 보존처리하였다. 청동정병은 군지형 정병으로 첨수대의 뚜껑이 개폐가 가능한 상태였다. 첨대의 주구 부분이 일부 결실되고 동체부의 보수 흔적이 있으며, 첨수대가 동체에 접합된 상태였다. 표면으로는 일부 부식물이 형성되어 있으나 안정한 상태로 보관 관리가 되었던 것으로 확인되었다. 청동정병은 구리-주석-납의 청동 합금을 주조하여 형태를 만들고, 따로 제작한 첨수대를 동체에 부착하고, 바닥면에 청동원판을 결합하는 과정으로 정병을 제작하였다. 또한 자외선, X선 등 비파괴 조사를 통해서는 합성수지로 보수한 흔적을 찾을 수 있는데, 청동정병의 동체부 상단과 바닥면 그리고 첨수대에서 보수한 흔적이 관찰된다. CT조사 결과 보수한 부분은 경미한 결함을 보수한 것으로 확인되었고, 수직 단면이 좌우 대칭처럼 일정하고 기벽의 두께도 일정한 부분은 정병을 정교하게 제작하기 위해 노력한 것으로 보인다. 청동정병과 보수 재료의 상태는 비교적 양호한 것으로 판단되어 보수 재료의 제거없이 원 형태를 유지하되 주구부의 결실 부분은 복원하는 방향으로 보존처리를 진행하였다. 결실부의 복원은 에폭시계 복원제를 주 재료로 제작하고, 이를 가역성이 있는 셀룰로오스계 접착제를 사용하여 접합함으로써 추후 쉽게 제거가 가능하도록 하였다. In commemoration of the 120th anniversary of the diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Kingdom of Belgium, the scientific conservation treatment for the bronze Kundika (a Buddhist ritual ewer) which has been kept in the collection of Royal Museums of Art and History (RMAH), Belgium was conducted. The bronze Kundika belongs to the type of Kunji(軍持) ewer and the lid of its spout is possible to be opened and closed. The mouth of its nozzle was partially missing and there were traces to have been restored in the past on the body where the spout was attached. Some corrosion products have been situated on the surface and however, it was identified to have been maintained under stable conditions for storage. This Kundika was manufactured by bronze alloying with Cu-Sn-Pb and the spout was separately crafted and attached to the body, and finally the round base was connected to the bottom. In addition, some traces to have been restored with synthetic resins in the past were found through the non-destructive analysis such as UV irradiation and X-ray photography, revealing traces from the upper part and base of the body as well as the spout. As a result of CT scan, formerly restored areas were identified to have been treated for minor flaws, and the symmetric vertical cross section and constant thickness of the wall indicated that efforts were made to manufacture the Kundika sophisticatedly. Based on that the condition of the Kindika and restoration materials used were judged to be relatively good, the conservation treatment was carried out in the manner of restoring missing areas on the mouth, keeping the original form without removing formerly used restoration materials. For the restoration of missing areas, epoxy-typed restoration materials were prepared as the main material and the reversible cellulose adhesives were used for connection, which will facilitate removal of adhesives easily in the future when necessary.
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朴永煥(Park YoungHwan) 한국중어중문학회 2008 中語中文學 Vol.42 No.-
YeShi who represents the latter South-Song dynasty the world of thought are emphasizing the practicality and a utility of study. Consequently YeShi from the side of utility as prejudice is criticizing the evaluation which is negative about QuYuan of Han dynasty scholar. Therefore Yeshi is evaluating QuYuan's personality and a moral character very affirmatively from the side of utility At the same time, He is taking a serious view of the formal beauty of a sentence. It points that YeShi recognizes an aesthetic effect of the literature enough. His point of view like this is beautiful and splendid characteristic. And his point of view just reflects it in evaluation of QuYuan's literary work which is full of imagination. Though South-Song dynasty's people down played a sentence. he is different from them. A claim for his literature is very precious. Therefore. he affected out look on literature of other people directly, and he gave big influence in the time.
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[연료 및 윤활유부문] 엔진 베어링에서의 공기 혼입 윤활유의 하중 지지력에 관한 연구
박영환(Younghwan Park),장시열(Siyoul Jang) 한국자동차공학회 2001 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2001 No.11_1
This work analyzes the behaviors of aerated lubricant in the gap between con-rod bearing and journal. Aerated lubricant influences two major factors on the film formation. One is the density characteristics of the lubricant due to the volume change by the bubbles and the other is the viscosity characteristics of the lubricant due to the surface tension of the bubble. Those two major factors surprisingly increase the load capacity in certain ranges of bubble sizes and densities. Modified Reynolds' equation is developed with the consideration of aerated ratio in the lubricant and journal locus is computed with Mobility method with the computation of two dimensional pressure distribution over the bearing area.
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