국립공원 아고산대 독립훼손지 복원식생 분포특성 및 관리방안

김종엽(Jong-Yup Kim),윤주웅(Ju-Ung Yun),한봉호(Bong-Ho Han),곽정인(Jeong-In Kwak),박석철(Seok-Cheol Park),박수영(Su Young Park),정원옥(Won-Ok Jeong) 국립공원연구원 2022 국립공원연구지 Vol.13 No.1

본 연구는 독립훼손지 중 아고산대에 위치한 지리산국립공원 세석평전과 노고단 복원식생지를 대상으로 현존식생 분석 및 식생분포 특성을 파악하여 중장기적인 모니터링 및 관리방안 수립을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 현존식생 조사범위는 훼손지 일대 유역권분포 현황을 고려하여 설정하였으며, 세석평전 조사면적은 55,037㎡, 노고단 조사면적은 166,599㎡ 이었다. 세석평전은 초본층에 의한 식생피복도는 90% 이상 수준으로서 나지노출이 없었고, 관목층의 피복도가 60% 이상으로 안정화되어 있었다. 주요 출현수종은 구상나무, 사스래나무, 쇠물푸레나무, 철쭉, 털진달래, 붉은병꽃나무 등 식재수종과 자연적으로 이입한 자생수종이 생육하고 있었다. 노고단은 신갈나무, 호랑버들, 철쭉, 털진달래, 미역줄나무 등이 우점하는 관목식생지가 52%로 가장 넓게 분포하고 있었고, 전반적으로 식생활착 상태가 양호하였다. 노고단의 원식생은 신갈나무군락으로 추정되었고, 군부대철거지에는 귀화식물이 분포하고 있기 때문에 적극적인 관리가 필요하였다. 연구대상지는 장기적으로 주변 자연식생과 조화로운 식생경관으로 발달할 것으로 예측되었다. 향후 훼손지 복원모델은 인근 지역의 원식생을 고려하여 설정해야 할 것이지만, 복원 달성 목표는 실현가능한 수준의 목표를 설정해야 할 것이다. This study was conducted to provide basic data for mid-to long-term monitoring and establishment of management plans by analyzing the existing vegetation and identifying the vegetation distribution characteristics for the restored vegetation in Nogodan and Seseokpyeongjeon in Jirisan National Park located in the subalpine zone among the independent damaged areas. Actual vegetation survey range was established in consideration of the distribution of the watershed around the damaged area. The surveyed area of Seseokpyeongjeon was 55,037㎡, and the surveyed area of Nogodan was 166,599㎡. In Seseokpyeongjeon, the vegetation coverage by the herbaceous layer was almost 90% or more, there was no bare exposure, and the coverage of the shrub layer was stabilized at 60% or more. The main emerging tree species were planted species such as Abies koreana, Betula ermanii, Fraxinus sieboldiana, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum, and Weigela florida as well as natively migrated native species. In Nogodan, the shrub vegetation dominated by Quercus mongolica, Salix caprea, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum, and Tripterygium regelii was the most widely distributed with 52% of the area, and the overall diet was good. The native vegetation of Nogodan was presumed to be a cypress colony. Naturalized plants were distributed in the military base demolition site, so active management was required. The study site was predicted to develop into a vegetation landscape in harmony with the surrounding natural vegetation in the long term. In the future, the restoration model for damaged areas should be set in consideration of the native vegetation of the nearby area, but the goal to achieve restoration should be set at a feasible level.

도시생물다양성 지수(CBI) 중 생태네트워크 산정을 위한 도시생태현황지도 및 토지피복지도 활용 가능성 연구

박석철,한봉호,박민진,윤형두,김명진,Park, Seok-Cheol,Han, Bong-Ho,Park, Min-Jin,Yun, Hyerngdu,Kim, Myungjin 한국조경학회 2016 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.44 No.6

본 연구는 도시생물다양성 지수(CBI) 중 생태네트워크(지표. 2)를 국내의 현실에 맞게 변형 적용한 연구로 도시생태 현황지도와 토지피복지도의 활용 가능성을 파악하고자 하였다. 계룡시 도시생태현황지도 생태네트워크를 산출한 결과는 13,713,703(33.8%)이었고, 토지피복지도로 산출한 결과는 17,686,966(37.9%)으로 토지피복지도의 결과치가 도시생태현황도 보다 높게 산출되었다. 고양시 도시생태현황지도 생태네트워크를 산출한 결과는 4,961,922(4.9%)이었고, 토지피복지도로 산출한 결과는 4,383,207(3.7%)로 토지피복지도의 결과치가 도시생태현황도 보다 낮게 산출되었다. 주요 연구결과로 생태네트워크 산출 시 군부대시설 유형은 도시생태현황지도에서는 특수지역, 토지피복지도에서는 시가화지역과 산림지역으로 구분되는 오류가 발견되었다. 또한 중분류 토지피복지도의 경우, 산림지역 주변은 토지이용이 세분되지 않았고, 개발지역이 산림녹지로 표현되는 오류가 발견되었다. 자연요소를 선정할 때에도 도시생태현황지도의 인공형하천, 인공연못, 인공초지 등의 유형은 제외가 필요하였고, 토지피복지도의 자연나지는 자연요소로 포함해서 산출할 필요가 있었다. 앞으로 전국 단위 생태네트워크는 토지피복지도를 활용하여 개략적으로 분석이 가능할 것으로 판단되었으며, 도시생태현황지도가 구축된 도시에서는 도시생태현황지도를 활용한 생태네트워크 산정이 더 정확한 현황 진단이 될 것으로 판단되었다. This study modified and applied the ecological network(Indicator 2) from the City Biodiversity Index(CBI) to be tailored to Korea. It is calculated by utilizing a biotope map and a land cover map. The ecological network of Gyeryong-Si was 13,713,703(33.8%) with the biotope map and 17,686,966(37.9%) with the land cover map. The result of the biotope map was lower than the land cover map. The ecological network of Goyang-Si was 4,961,922(4.9%) with the biotope map and 4,383,207(3.7%) with the land cover map. The result of the land cover map was lower than the biotope map. As a main result of the research, an error was discovered in which, when calculating the ecological network, the types of the military unit facilities were distinguished into a special area on the biotope map and into an urbanization promotion area and a forest area on the land cover map. In the case of a middle-classified, land cover map, the land use in the surroundings of the forest area was not subdivided. An error in the development area expressed as a forest green was discovered. When selecting the natural elements, too, regarding the types of artificially-created rivers, artificial ponds, and artificial grasslands, etc. on a biotope map, the exclusions were necessary. Regarding the natural, bare ground on a land cover map, there was a need to calculate by including the natural elements. It was judged that, in the future, the ecological network in the unit of the entire nation can be analyzed roughly by utilizing a land cover map. It was judged that, in a city having a biotope map, the calculation of the ecological network utilizing a map of the present situation of the urban ecology will be a more accurate diagnosis of the present situation.

서울 도시생태 보호지역 관리계획 연구 - 백사실계곡 생태·경관보전지역을 대상으로 -

박석철,한봉호,곽정인,Park, Seok-Cheol,Han, Bong-Ho,Kwak, Jeong-In 한국조경학회 2015 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.43 No.6

본 연구는 백사실계곡 생태 경관보전지역의 생물다양성 확보와 건강한 생태계 유지에 필요한 정밀 자료를 구축하고, 보전지역 특성에 맞는 생태적 관리계획을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구기간은 2010년 4월부터 2013년 5월까지이다. 백사실계곡은 최근 시민들의 이용 증가와 외래식물 식재 및 확산이 되고 있어 생태계 교란이 가속화 되고 있다. 주요 연구내용은 보호지역 관리시스템 고찰, 유역권 차원의 생태적 관리 필요성 고찰, 관리계획 수립 체계 설정, 사례 대상지 현황조사 및 분석, 위협요인 도출, SWOT 분석을 통한 목표 설정, 관리 전략, 관리계획 수립이었다. 현황조사 항목은 자연기반 환경, 동 식물 현황, 이용 환경으로 구분하여 파악하였다. 백사실계곡 생태 경관보전지역의 생태적 관리계획의 목표는 양서류의 안정적인 산란 및 서식을 위한 유역권 관리, 까막딱다구리의 영구적 서식 유도를 위한 산림 식생 보전 및 복원, 대경목 느티나무 군락 경관 보전을 위한 기반 환경 관리, 보호생물의 안정적 서식을 위한 이용자 관리로 설정하였다. 세부 관리계획 내용으로 보전 계획은 상류부 점 비점오염원 관리, 자생식물 생육환경 확보, 안전한 양서류 서식처 확보, 주요 야생조류 서식지 확보를 제시하였고, 복원 계획은 인공림의 자연림 복원, 자생초본 및 외래초본 관리, 훼손된 숲길 복원을 제시하였다. This study is for constructing detailed data to secure biological diversity and maintain a healthy ecosystem in Backsasil Valley Ecological and Scenery Conservation Area, and for preparing an ecological management plan fit for the protected area. The period for this study was from April 2010 to May 2013. Recently, the increase of visitors to Baeksasil Valley, as well as the plantation and dissemination of introduced vegetable species, become factors accelerating ecological disturbance. Major research contents included the reviews of the management system of the protected areas, the necessity of ecological management at the basin level, establishing the system of a management plan, research and analysis of environment ecology, analysis of threatening factors, goal-setting, management strategies, and a plan through SWOT analysis. Survey items were the natural environment, major components of ecosystem, and human-use. The goals of ecological management were basin zone management for amphibians, conservation and restoration of forest vegetation for conservation habitat of Dryocopus martius, conservation habitat of Zelkova serrta for nature landscape, and management of users for environment protection. The conservation management plan at a basin zone level contains the management of point and non-point pollution sources in the upstream, securing growing conditions for native plants, securing safe habitats for amphibians, and securing of habitats for major wild birds. Also, restoration of natural forests, management of native plants and introduced vegetable species, and restoration of degraded forest paths are suggested for the restoration plans.

오대산국립공원 소금강 계곡부 식물군집구조

강성칠 ( Kang Seongchil ),한봉호 ( Han Bongho ),박석철 ( Park Seokcheol ),최진우 ( Choi Jinwoo ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2016 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.19 No.4

This study was carried out to the structure of plant community, and ecological succession sere of forest ecosystem in Soguemgang Valley, Odaesan National Park. Fifteenth plots(size is 20m×20m) were set up and the results analyzed by DCA which is one of the ordination technique showed that the plant communities were divided into seven groups which area community I(Quercus variabilis-Pinus densiflora community), Ⅱ(Pinus densiflora community), Ⅲ(Pinus densiflora-Quercus variabilis community), Ⅳ(Pinus densiflora-Quercus serrata community), Ⅴ(Quercus serrata community), Ⅵ (Pinus densiflora-Deciduous broad-leaved plant community), Ⅶ(Cornus controversa-Carpinus laxiflora community). Shannon diversity index per 400㎡ was to 0.7777 to 1.1440 and the age of Pinus densiflora 86 years old, Quercus variabilis was ranged from 66 to 87 years old, Quercus serrata was ranged from 51 to 62 years old, Carpinus laxiflora was 94 years old. In 2013, the succession trend was predicted Pinus densiflora→Quercus variabilis, Quercus serrata →Cornus controversa, Carpinus laxiflora. The ecological sucession progress has declined power of the Pinus densiflora and the increased power of the deciduous broad-leaved and Quercus spp. in Soguemgang Valley, Odaesan National Park. Quercus serrata and Quercus variabilis communities that judged Pinus densiflora were progressing by direction of landform. The southern slopes vegetation were progressing for Quercus variabilis, the northern slopes vegetation were progressing for Quercus serrata. In flat Valley, mainly native species of Cornus controversa, Carpinus laxiflora are predicted ecological succession for deciduous broad-leaved tree community.

서울시 강북구 솔밭근린공원 소나무림 답압 피해 개선사업 효과 연구

권기영,한봉호,박석철,최진우,Kwon, Ki-Young,Han, Bong-Ho,Park, Seok-Cheol,Choi, Jin-Woo 한국조경학회 2012 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.40 No.5

본 연구의 목적은 서울시 솔밭근린공원 소나무림을 대상으로 울타리 설치, 관목 및 초본식물 식재 등의 답압 피해 개선사업의 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 2005년과 2010년 현장조사를 통해 소나무 식재유형, 식재구조, 토양경도, 토양단면구조, 토양 이화학적 특성 등의 변화 상태를 분석하였다. 또한 소나무의 가지생장량과 직경생장량을 측정하여 개선사업전과 후 상태를 비교 분석하여 답압 피해지역 개선사업에 따른 효과를 고찰하였다. 식재유형 변화에서는 하층 식생이 없는 소나무림이 2005년 48.5%에서 2010년에는 6.8%로 감소하였으며, 관목 및 초본이 식재된 소나무림이 7.4%에서 46.8%로 크게 증가하였다. 식재구조 변화에서는 대부분 조사구가 하층식생이 거의 없는 소나무림에서 진달래, 철쭉꽃, 원추리, 돌단풍, 옥잠화 등 관목 및 초본식생이 넓게 피복된 소나무림으로 변화되었다. 2005년 솔밭근린공원의 토양경도는 평균 $54.8kg/cm^2$로 딱딱한 토양층이었다. 2010년 솔밭근린공원 개선사업 후 토양경도는 대부분 $4kg/cm^2$ 미만으로 식물생육에 영향이 없는 양호한 상태였다. 2005년에 토양단면구조는 답압 영향으로 인해 낙엽층이 소실되어 있었으며, 유기물층이 1.0cm로 식물이 생육하는데 적합하지 않았다. 개선사업 후 2010년에는 답압에 대한 피해가 줄어서 낙엽층이 3.0cm까지 새롭게 형성되었고, 지속적인 시비에 따라 유기물층의 깊이도 1.5~8.0cm로 증가하였다. 2005년 토양 이화학적 특성에서는 pH 5.76~6.70, 유기물 함량 7.15~10.55%, 유효인산 9.38~26.47mg/kg으로 소나무 생육 토양환경조건으로 큰 문제가 없었다. 또한 소나무 15주를 선정하여 가지생장량을 분석한 결과, 개선사업 이후 가지생장량이 점차 증가하는 경향이었다. 토양경도 등급에 따라 소나무 70주를 선정하여 직경생장량을 측정한 결과, 대부분 조사구에서 소나무가 개선사업 이후 생육이 양호해지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구결과를 통해 울타리 설치, 관목 및 초본식물 식재 등의 답압 피해 개선사업이 소나무 생장을 향상시키는 효과를 검증할 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to validate the effect of improvement such measures as fence installation or planting of bush and herbaceous plants taken from Pinus densiflora forest in Solbat Neighborhood Park in Seoul, which was damaged by stamping. The study was conducted in 2005 and 2010 in order to analyze changes in planting types, planting structure of Pinus densiflora forest, soil hardness, cross-sectional structure of soil, and physicochemical characteristics of soil. It was also measured by the growth of the branches and the diameter of Pinus densiflora, comparing before and after the improvement to study the effect of restoring Pinus densiflora forest damaged by stamping. When it comes to a change in planting type, Pinus densiflora forest without underlay was reduced from 48.5% in 2005 to 6.8% in 2010. Pinus densiflora forest with bush and herbaceous plants was increased dramatically from 7.4% to 46.8%. Regarding planting structure, in most area of the subject site, Pinus densiflora forest without under layer was transformed into the one with bush and herbaceous plants including Rhododendron mucronulatum, Rhododendron schippenbachii, Hemerocallis fulva, Aceriphyllum rossii, Hosta plantaginea growing in a wide area. The soil in the Solbat Neighborhood Park was very stiff with soil hardness of $54.8kg/cm^2$ in average. After the improvement efforts made in the Park in 2010, the soil hardness was mostly less than $4kg/cm^2$, being in a good condition with little influence on the growth of plants. When it comes to the cross-sectional structure of soil, litter layer didn't exist in 2005 because of stamping and the organic matter layer was only 1.0cm thick, which provided an unfavorable condition for plant growth. However, after improvement, litter layer was formed up to 3.0cm and thickness of the organic matter layer also went up to 1.5~8.0cm in 2010 because the damage from stamping was reduced. Concerning the physicochemical characteristic of soil, in 2005 soil showed pH 5.76~6.70, organic matter content 7.15~10.55%, and available phosphorus 9.38~26.47mg/kg, having no big problems as a soil environment for growth of Pinus densiflora. 15 trees of Pinus densiflora were selected to see branch growth and it was found that the branches tended to grow better after improvement. 70 trees of Pinus densiflora from various grades of soil hardness also were selected to identify changes of diameter growth. In most cases, it was analyzed that Pinus densiflora grew better after improvement. After conducting this study, it was validated that such measures as fence installation or planting of bush and herbaceous plants to restore Pinus densiflora Forest damaged by stamping were effective in improving growth of Pinus densiflora.

디지털 시대 TV 수신료 현실화의 긍정적 효과

박석철(Suk Chul Park) 한국방송학회 2010 방송통신연구 Vol.- No.70

인스턴트 메신저 매개 경험 분석

박석철(Suk Chul Park) 사이버커뮤니케이션학회 2010 사이버 커뮤니케이션 학보 Vol.27 No.1

이 연구는 29명의 대학생들이 작성한 자기 보고식(self-report) 에세이에 기초하여 일상생활에서 경험하는 인스턴트 메신저 매개의 맥락을 분석하였다. 이 연구에서 살펴본 경험의 영역은 모든 대화 상황이나 대화 내용을 포함하는 것이 아니라 인스턴트 메신저 이용자가 대화하는 과정에서 사용하는 인상관리 방식과 의미로 한정하였다. 이 연구는 표현 행위와 의도에 대한 이용자 스스로의 의미부여 방식에 대한 유추와 해석을 통해 실제 경험과 가까운 맥락을 찾는 것을 목표로 한 탐색적 과정이었다. 이를 통해 대학생들이 친구와 동료 간의 대화 상황에서 자신을 어떻게 표현하고 다른 사람과 어떻게 관계 맺는지 이해할 수 있었다. 분석에서는 ‘일상적 인상관리’, ‘상황에 적절한 인상관리’, ‘커뮤니케이션의 지속과 회피의 상황’, ‘공동 과업에서의 인상관리’등의 사례를 중심으로 인스턴트 메신저 이용자의 매개 경험을 설명하였다. 이 연구의 분석틀은 일상생활을 분석한 고프만의 아이디어에서 빌려온 것으로서, 이를 온라인 환경에 적용해 본 결과 온라인 커뮤니케이션 매체에서도 행위자들은 나름대로의 방식으로 자아를 표현하고 독특한 인상관리를 통해 상황에 직면하고 이를 유연하게 이끌어 간다는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. Instant messenger, one of on-line communication channels, is spreading widely among young people. This study analyzes the context of instant messenger as a mediating experience in everyday life. The study is based on qualitative semi-structured interviewing guide and the self report essay of 29 college students. This study explains mediating experience within the framework of impression management, using the users’ way of giving self-determined meaning in expressing their actions and intentions. It is an exploring process to find the context that is similar to real experience through analogical inference and interpretation. The realm of experience that this study examined the way of impression management that users of instant messenger adopt in the conversation process and its meaning instead of considering the text conversation. I looked into how college students express themselves and make relationship with others through their conversation. This analysis explains instant messenger user’s mediating experience with an ‘everyday impression management’, a ‘situational impression management’, ‘the situation of maintaining or evading conversation’, and an ‘impression management in the small group conversation’. The idea, ‘impression management’ is basically borrowed from Goffman(1959)’s perspective. Goffman uses the metaphor of theatrical performance as a framework to understand realm of human behavior in social situations and the way that we appear to others. But the difference of this research tried to develop to further understand that users express themselves in their own way, face certain situation and express their act through an unique impression management in the online media.

규제와 규제완화: 타이완과 우리나라 방송사업자 진입규제 완화의 파급효과를 중심으로

박석철 ( Suk Chul Park ) 한국정치평론학회 2015 정치와 평론 Vol.17 No.-

Abstract This study analyzed the deregulation case of Taiwan and Korea to examine the effect of entry deregulation by the government on the broadcasting industry. In the case of Taiwan, the government allowed the broadcasting operator`s thoughtless entry for the developing of the pay broadcasting. Thus it analyzed that the foreign programs were increased to fill up expanded channels, along with the profitability decrease by the unlimited competition of broadcasting operators for the limited advertising resources, and content producing ability was lost by the outflow of capable producers. Consequently, the cultural identity of Taiwan is threatening. In the case of Korea, a new broadcasting platform considered the inducement Industry. Therefore, it analyzed that the government assured of the position as industry actors than an existing platform through the way of deregulation, but controlled an existing platform to prepare more resources for the content producing through the regulation. Both countries are continuing the deregulation for ‘the public interest’ but lacked the legitimacy of the national intervention. Accordingly, the government must be concentrated on the deregulation for broadcasting industry to require the public interest from now on, and applies to the asymmetric regulation in order to make the structure of competition.

구도심지역 용도지역별 비오톱 유형 및 평가에 관한 연구

박석철(Park, Seok-Cheol),한봉호(Han, Bong-Ho) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2015 國土計劃 Vol.50 No.2

The purpose of this study was investigation of the correlation between specific use area and biotope map in Nam-gu, Inchoen, and suggestion of base line data for resetting use zoning based on evaluation and present condition of biotope. In residential zone, the main ratio of biotope was 47.6% for residential area. In commercial zone, the main ratio of biotope was 25.1% for transportation area, 23.6% for commercial and business area, and 23.3% for residential area. In industrial zone, the main ratio of biotope was 55.4% for industrial area. In green zone, the main ratio of biotope was 31.7% for forest, 19.7% for special area, and 18.4% for park and green area. As the result of calculating specialization factor, In green zone, the specialization range of natural green zone was wider than preserved green zone; the specialization of biotope in preserved green zone was much higher than others’. Biotope index was 82.3 in Nam-Gu and it was range from 49.5 to 95.0 by specific use area. It was considered that Nam-gu in Incheon needed to improve Biotope index through the expansion of greenland and restoration of ecosystem focused on residential areas. Consequently, 42,593㎡ of first class biotope area in semi-residential zone and semi-industrial zone needed to preserve by reset of use zoning in Nam-gu, Incheon.

자아 정체성과 인터넷 커뮤니티 이용행위

박석철(Suk-Chul Park) 한국방송학회 2005 방송통신연구 Vol.- No.61