차나무의 병해 IV. Glomerella cingulata에 의한 차 붉은잎마름병

박서기(Seur-Kee Park),최용수(Yong-Soo Choi),차광홍(Kwang-Hong Cha) 한국차학회 1998 한국차학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Brown blight of tea(Camellia sinensis(L.) Kuntze) was observed at tea plantations of Boseung, Chonnam Province in 1992-1994. Circular to irregular spots appeared on margins and insides of mature leaves, and then black dot-like acervuli were radially formed on the lesions. The casual fungus of brown blight was identified as Glomerella cingulata(Stonem) Spaulding & Schrenk. Symptoms by G. cingulata appeared on injured leaves after ca 10 days and on intact leaves ca 25 days after artificial inoculation.

키틴분해세균의 현장 대량 배양방법을 이용한 효과적인 식물병의 생물적 방제 전략

김영철,강범용,김용환,박서기,Kim, Young-Cheol,Kang, Beom Ryong,Kim, Yong Hwan,Park, Seur Kee 한국식물병리학회 2017 식물병연구 Vol.23 No.1

유기농 및 지속 가능한 농산물에 대한 최근의 전 세계적인 수요는 농가 현장에서 사용 가능한 생물 농약의 개발 및 활용에 대한 요구가 증대되고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 생물학적 방제 방법은 실제 현장 조건에서 식물병 방제 스펙트럼이 제한적이고 효능이 높지 않다. 본 연구팀은 키틴분해 미생물과 키틴을 활용하여 적은 비용으로 방제효과가 우수한 키틴 기반 제형을 개발했다. 이 제형은 포장 조건에서 다양한 식물병을 성공적으로 방제하였다. 본 리뷰에서는 성공적인 포장 연구와 관련하여 이 제형에 함유되어 있는 키틴분해미생물들의 생태학적 측면과 생물적 방제 기작에 대해 기술하였다. 또한 현장에서 키틴분해미생물의 현장 대량 배양과 효과적인 생물학적 방제 방법을 사용하여 농민 친화적인 수단으로 확대 할 수 있는 생물적 방제 방법과 전략의 가능성에 대해 논의했다. Recent worldwide demand for organic and sustainable agriculture products is driving the development of formulations of biopesticides effective in the field. Biopesticides have the benefit of environmentally-friendly qualities. However, biocontrol approaches largely have been ineffective in controlling plant pests in field conditions. Previously, we developed a cost-effective biocontrol formulation containing chitin and chitinase-producing biocontrol bacteria with field efficacy. This formulated product has successfully suppressed various plant diseases in the field conditions. In this review, we focus on ecological aspects and the potential mechanisms underpinning the success of chitinase-producing bacteria. In addition, we discuss the possibility on-site cultivation of the formulated products to further strengthen the approach as being farmer friendly and successful.

Fusarium oxysporum과 Fusarium solani에 의한 Cymbidium 줄기썩음병

박서기,김소라,오선숙 順天大學校 農業科學硏究所 1994 農業科學硏究 Vol.8 No.-

The pathogenic species associated with stem rot of cymbidium were studied with isolates from the diseased sites of cymbidium which were cultivated under vinylhouse conditions at Kwangyang areas, Chonnam. Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani were isolated from the diseased sites. Among five varieties of cymbidium, F. oxysporum was virulent to two varieties; Keseurinmonlo and Keniwinecolor. Five weeks after inoculation, Keseurinmonlo was completely dead in both stems and leaves, but Keniwinecolor was partially necrotic. F. solani was virulent to three varieties; Keseurinmonlo, Keniwinecolor and Gracekeri, but their necrotic lesions partially appeared on stems and leaves near soils at five weeks after inoculation. F. oxysporum and F. solani were not pathogenic to eggplant, tomato, watermelon, cucumber and hotpepper. Mycelial growth of F. oxysporum and F. solani was the best in range of 25-30℃ on PSA medium, but conidial production was the best in 30℃ and 35℃ in case of F. oxysporum and F. solani, respectively.

땅콩 갈색무늬病과 흑색무늬病의 發生生態 및 品種抵抗性에 關한 硏究

朴瑞基 順天大學校 農業科學硏究所 1988 農業科學硏究 Vol.2 No.-

Several characters of brown leaf spot and black spot, which bring about marked decrease in yield of peanut, and resistance of varieties recommended in Korea were investigated in 1987-1988. Brown leaf spot and black spot began to occur in late May∼early June and in late July∼early August, respectively. Cercospora arachidicola produces circular to irregular, 1 to 10㎜ in diameter, dark brown to reddish brown on the upper sides, lighter brown on the below sides and usually surrounded by a yellow halo. Cercosporidium personatum produces mostly circular, 1 to 7㎜ in diameter, black brown on both sides and often surrounded by a yellow halo. Conidiophores of C. arachidicola are mostly epiphyllous, geniculate, 17.2-58.6×3.5-5.1㎛ and yellowish brown, and conidia are colourless to slightly olivaceous, clavate, 34.6-115.7×2.6-5.3㎛ and 3 to 15 septate. Conidiophores of C. personatum are mostly hypophyllous, geniculate, 23.5-71.6×4.1-6.4㎛ and yellowish brown, and conidia are mostly pale brown to olivaceous, mostly cylindrical to clavate, 28.3-59.7×4.9-9.8㎛ and 3-7 septate. Resistant varieties of peanut to C. arachidicola were Sinpung and Saedl, but those to C. personatum were 01 and Yeongho among varieties recommended in Korea.

順川地方에 있어서 麥後作栽培에 의한 外來땅콩 品種의 出芽 開花및 收量構成要素에 대하여

朴瑞基,陳日斗,李東熏 順天大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.4 No.1

順天地方에 있어서 땅콩麥後作載倍에 適合한 品種 및 유망한 遺傳因子들을 선발하기 위하여 外國으로부터 導人된 Virginia type 94品種, Spanish type 99品種, Valencia type 18品種 및 其他 4品種等 計215品種을 供試하여 出芽, 開花 및 收量構成要素等을 調査하였던 바 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. 播種後 出芽까지 所要日數는 5日에서부터 11日까지의 分布를 보였고 Virginia type品種들이 늦게 出芽하고 Valencia type品種과 Spanish type品種들이 빨리 出芽하는 傾向으로 나타났다. 2. 播種後 開花까지 所要日數는 33일부터 60日까지의 分布를 보였으며 Virginia type 品種이 늦게 開花하고, Spanish type, Valencia type 品種들이 빨리 開花하는 경향으로 나타났다. 3. 1株當收量에 있어서는 子實100粒重은 적으나 株當子實數가 많고 總子實數에 대한 完熟子實數比率이 높은 Valencia type品種이 많았으며, 같은 小粒種이면서 子實數가 적었던Spanish type品種과 子實 100粒重은 무거우나 子實數가 적고 總子實數에 대한 完熟子實數比率이 낮았던 Virginia type品種은 1株當收量이 적었다. 4. 出芽所要日數와 開花所要日數 및 100粒重 및 開花所要日數 와 100粒重과의 사이에 0.1%水準의 높은 正의 相關關係가 認定되었고 完熟種子數比率과 出芽所要日數, 開花所要日數 및 100粒重과의 사이에 0.1%水準의 높은 負의 相關關係, 100粒重과 株當種子數사이에 1%水準의 높은 負의 相關關係가 認定되었다. 5. 以上의 結果 收量面에서 생각한다면 小粒重인 Valencia type品種은 順天地方에서 麥後作으로 直接 移用할 수 있는 品種이 많이 포함되어 있으며 다른 type의 品種들이라 할지라도 品種間 差異가 다양하므로 그중에는 栽培에 유망한 品種들이 포함되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 各 品種들이 지닌 特異한 形質을 育種의 素材로 利用한다면 우리나라 南部地方에서의 多收性品種 또는 晩播適應性品種이 育成될 가능성이 있다는 結論을 얻었다. In order to find the genetic resource favorable and the varieties suitable for second crop of barley of Suncheon area, emergence, flowering and yield components of peanuts were investigated with total 215 varieties, 94 Virginia type, 99 Spanish type, 18 Valencia type and 4 others etc. introduced from abroad. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Number o days required to emergence after seedings was in range of 5-10 days, and Valencia type and Spanish type emerged more rapidly than virginia type. 2. Number of days required to flowering after seedings was in range of 33-60 days, and Spanish type and Valencia type flowered more rapidly than Virginia type. 3. In weight of matured seeds per plant, Valencia type, which had light 100 seeds weight, abundant seeds per plant and high percentage of matured seeds to total seeds, had-more yield per plant than Spanish type, which had small seeds per plant, and Virginia type, which had heavy 100 seeds weight, small seeds per plant and low percentage of matured seeds to total seeds. 4. There were significant positive(+) correlations at 0.1% level between number of days to emergence and number of days to flowering, between number of days to emergence and 100 seeds weight and between 100 seeds weight and number of days to flowering, respectively. Relationship between percent seeds matured and mumber of days emergence and between number of days to flowering and 100 seeds weight was significantly negative(-) at 0.1% level, and between 100 seeds weight and number of seeds per plant at 1% level. 5. From the results above menentioned, it is suggested that, in view of yield, most varieties of Valencia type and a few varieties of other type can be cultivated as second drop of barley. In addition, it is determined that specific characteristics contained in some varieties are favorable genetic resoures for breeding of high yiedlding, early maturing or late seeding varieties adapted second cropping of barley, in southern region of Korea.

Colletotrichum gleosporides에 의한 枸杞子 ·炭疽病의 發生 및 藥劑防除에 關한 硏究

朴瑞基,陳日斗,李相來 順天大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.4 No.1

最近 拘杞子의 主要 栽培地인 忠南 靑陽과 全南 珍島地方의 拘杞子열매에 큰 被害를 주고 있는 拘杞子·炭疽病의 被害狀況 및 病原菌의 여러 가지 特性을 調査하고 本 病에 대한 여러 가지 炭疽病藥劑의 防除效果를 調査한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 拘杞子·炭疽病의 被害는 珍島地方品種이 栽培되고 2週間隔으로 殺菌劑를 撒布하는 珍島地方 栽培圃場에서 보다 靑陽地方品種이 栽培되고 약 1週間隔으로 殺菌劑를 撒布하는 靑陽地方의 栽培圃場에서 더 컸으며, 두 地方品種이 함께 栽培되고 殺菌劑를 전혀 撒布하지 않은 順天地方의 圃場에서 珍島地方品種보다 靑陽地方品種의 被害가 훨씬 더 컸다. 2. 罹病열매에서 分離된 病原菌은 colletotrichum gleosporides이었는데 本 菌의 菌絲發育適溫은 25℃, 發育溫度範圍는 10∼35℃이었고, 胞子發芽適溫은 30℃, 發芽溫度範圍는 10∼35℃이었다. 3. 本 病原菌은 無傷보다 有傷으로 接種하였을 경우 病原性이 훨씬 더 컸다. 즉 有傷接種에서는 靑陽과 珍島地方品種 모두에 病原性이 나타났고, 病斑의 발육이 진전되었으나 無傷接種에서는 靑陽地方品種에만 病原性이 나타났고 珍島地方品種에는 病斑이 形成되지 않았다. 4. 室內實驗에서 7個의 炭疽病藥劑에 대한 菌絲發育의 抑制效果는 캡타폴과 베노밀에서 가장 좋았으나, 胞子發芽의 抑制效果는 디치,타로닐,캡타폴에서 가장 좋았다. 5. 圃場實驗에서 供試藥制에 대한 防除效果는 캡타폴에서 가장 좋았고, 處理時期와 回數에 따른 防除試驗에서, 珍島地方品種은 2回以上處理區의 모두에서 3%以下의 낮은 罹病果率을 나타냈으나, 靑陽地方品種은 1週間隔 5回의 處理區에서만 5%의 罹病果率을 나타냈고 2回處理區의 모두에서 20%以上의 높은 罹病果率을 나타냈다. 한편 靑陽地方品種의 2回 處理時는 어린열매의 감염時期에 處理하는 것이 더 效果的이었다. Recently tea tree-anthracnose has caused severe damage to tea tree fruits in Cheungyang area, Chungnam province and Jindo, Chonnam, principal cultivation districts of tea tree(Lycium chinense M.). Thus present study was conducted to investigate the damage degree of the disease, the various characteristics of the fungus and the control effect of various fungicides to the disease. Damage by this disease was more severe in fields of Cheungyang cultivating the Cheungyang local variety and spraying the fungicide at interval of a week than that of Jindo cultivating the Jindo local variety. and spraying the fungicide at interval of two weeks. In fields of Suncheon cultivating the two varieties and no spraying the fungicide, Cheungyang local variety showed more severe damage than Jindo one. Fungus isolated from the infected fruits was identified as Colletotrichum gleosporides. Mycelial growth of the fungus was best in temperature of 25℃ and it grew in temperature range of 10∼35℃,and conidial germination in 30℃and it geminated in 10∼35℃. Pathogenicity of the fungus was greater on wounded fruits than nonwounded ones:disease lesions on wounded fruits not only developed rapidly, but also was formed in both Cheungyang local variety and Jindo one, while nonwounded fruits in only Cheungyang one. In laboratory tests with seven frngicides, inhibition for mycelial growth of the fungus was the most effective in Captafol and Benomyl, but conidial germination in Dichi, Taronyl and Captafol. In field tests, control effect of the disease according to tested fungicides was best in Captafol. In control tests according to the time and the number of application, Jindo local variety showed percent fruits infected under 3% in all the application plots of the two times and above, whereas Cheungyang one ca. 5% only in the application plots of five times at interval of a week and above 20% in the all application of two times. In Cheungyang local variety, if fungicide was apaplied two times, it was more effective in application to the early infection of the younger fruits.

배나무 검은무늬病菌(Alternaria kikuchiana TANAKA)의 菌體磨碎液과 培養濾液에 의한 類似病班誘起와 種子發芽抑制效果

朴瑞基,金基淸 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1985 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.20 No.-

This paper is a part of our effort to clarify the reason why resistant varieties of pear in Naju area of Chonnam province have been broken down by Alternaria kikuchiana TANAKA which has never attacked the varieties. Isibsegi (Nijisseki), Mansamgil (Okusankichi) and HN-39 using mycelial homogenates and cultural filtrates of 3 isolates of A. kikuchiana isolated from each of their varieties. Resemblant black spot was induced more specifically in isolates of Isibsegi and HN-39 to variety Isibsegi, and isolate of Mansamgil to variety Mansamgil than any other relations when low concentration of mycelial homogenates or culture filtrates were treated in each pear varieties. In variety Isibsegi, it was induced more highly on young leaves than on matured ones, and suppressed the seed germination of lettuce and tomato. From the results described above, it is considered that break down of resistant varieties occurred because of the difference of host specific toxin caused by the differentiation of pathogenicity of A. kikuchiana.

Isolation and Identification of Chitinolytic Bacteria from Soil

Park, Seur Kee,Yoo, Jang Gon 順天大學校 農業科學硏究所 1995 農業科學硏究 Vol.9 No.-

전남 동부 지역의 논, 밭 토양에 분포하는 chitin 분해미생물의 종류, 밀도를 조사하고, chitin 분해력이 높은 균주를 선발, 동정하였다. chitin 분해 세균은 토양 1g 당 1.8×10^4-8.5×10^3 CFU, 방선균은 5.6×10^3-3.7×10^2 CFU로서 상당히 높은 밀도를 나타냈지만, 사상균은 매우 낮은 밀도를 나타냈다. 그 중에서 chitin 분해력이 높은 130 세균은 콜로니 형태 및 생리적 특성에 의해서 7 그룹으로 분류되었는데, 110 균주는 Aeromonas hydrophila, 11 균주는 Serratia marcescens, 3 균주는 Aeromonas caviae, 2 균주는 Chromobacterium violaceum strain C-61, 1 균주는 Chromobacterium violaceum strain C-72로 동정되었고, 나머지 3 균주는 아직 동정되지 않았다. 이 중 chitin 분해력이 가장 높은 균주는 C. violaceum strain C-61, 그 다음은 C. violaceum strain C-72, S. marcescens 이었고, 그 나머지 A. hydrophila, A. caviae 는 비슷한 경향을 나타냈다. 또한 동정된 5 균주는 모두 ampicillin 200 ppm 에 저항성을 나타냈는데, S. marcescens은 tetracycline 200 ppm 과 chloramphenicol 100 ppm 에도 저항성을 나타냈다. Species and population of chitinolytic microorganisms distributed in soil of upland and paddy field in the eastern areas of Chonnam were investigated, and isolates with high chitinolytic activity were identified. Chitinolytic bacteria and chitinolytic actinomycetes showed significantly high population at ranges of 1.8×10^4-8.5×10^3 and 5.6×10^3-3.7×10^3 CFU per g of soil, respectively, but chitinolytic fungi showed very low population. One hundred and thirty chitinolytic isolates with high chitinolytic activity were selected and classified into 7 groups on the basis of colony types and physiological characteristics. Among them, 110 isolates were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila, 11 isolates as Serratia marcescens, 3 isolates as Aeromonas caviae, 2 isolates as Chromobacterium violaceum strain C-61, 1 isolate as Chromobacterium violaceum strain C-72, and the other 3 isolates were not identified yet. Isolates with the highest chitinolytic acitivity were C. violaceum strain C-61 and the following were C. violaceum strain C-72. Other isolates, A. hydrophila, S. marcescens and A. caviae had similiar chitinolytic activity to each other. All of the identified 5 isolates were resistant to ampicillin at 200 ㎍/㎖, and S. marcescens was also resistant to tetracycline at 200 ㎍/㎖ and to chloramphenicol at 100 ㎍/㎖, too.

Pseudomonas fluorescens 에 의한 가지와 고추 모잘록병의 억제

박서기,박기범,김태민,김기청 順天大學校 農業科學硏究所 1994 農業科學硏究 Vol.8 No.-

Inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani growth and the disease suppression were investigated with bacteria isolated form the rhizosphere soils of eggplant and hotpeper grown in vinylhouse in order to obtain antagonistic rhizobacteria which can be used to biocontrol damping-off of eggplant and hotpepper. An isolate S-2, which showed the highest activity in inhibition of R. solani mycelial growth and suppression of the disease, were indentified as Pseudomonas fluorescens Biovar Ⅲ. The activity of strain S-2 on inhibition of mycelial growth on KM-PDA plates was high against R. solani, but low against Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora capsici. Strain S-2 was resistant to ampicillin and nalidixic acid at 200㎍/ml. In twenty days after strains S-2 treatment, the diseased plants were 1.8 and 10.3% in eggplant and hotpepers, respectively, as compared with both 100 % in nontreated ones. Strain S-2 was also much better in its ability on the disease suppression than that of P. fluorescens (Pf-5) and P. aureofaciens (ATCC 13985) which have been shown to seppress damping-off caused by R. solani. Density of strain S-2 population in treated soils was not significantly changed until 26 days after treatment, and not different from those of Pf-5 and ATCC 13985.

리그닌분해와 리그닌분해산소 생산을 위한 목재부후균의 선발과 평가 (3) : 리그닌분해균 LSK-27 에 의한 Manganese peroxidase 생산조건 Conditions of Manganese Peroxidase Production by Lignin - Degrading Fungus LSK-27

김병수,박서기,박종열,정현채 한국목재공학회 1999 목재공학 Vol.27 No.2

Effects of culture conditions and Mn(II) addition were investigated for production of extracellular manganese peroxidase by lignin-degrading fungus LSK-27. Nitrogen source was shown to more influence the production of extracellular manganese peroxidase by LSK-27 than carbon source. When peptone or yeast extract as nitrogen source was added, high MnP activity was obtained. Especially, nitrogen-sufficient culture condition was effective in MnP activity, showing significantly increase up to 1.0% peptone concentration, but carbon-sufficient was not. Mn(II) was shown to strongly induce the MnP production in culture fluids of LSK-27. Increase of MnP activity was obeserved up to addition of 100ppm Mn(II), and over this Mn(II) concentration appeared to be inhibitory. The highest level of MnP activity was attained when Mn(II) was added after 2 day incubation.