どんぐりと山猫と大正時代

박경연 단국대학교 동양학연구원 2016 東洋學 Vol.65 No.-

Through the various relations among the characters of the fairy tale Acorns and Wildcats written by Kenji Miyazawa, this study investigates the social structure where the ruling class and the ruled class exist, and its consequent social status, education environment, social aspects and the writer’s intent of the work, by dividing and analyzing the characters of the story into four groups. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan, internally, was merely at the starting point for citizen status, human rights, and education while the country, externally, cried for the equality for all. This tendency continued in the education system throughout various mal-administrations of the Taisho Period and the transformative international relations. While the school system in the Meiji Period was continuously transformed from “educating all people” to the state-centered “training citizens,” the Taisho Period was influenced by the liberalism, an international way of thought after the First World War, and its education system took a very serious view of the child education. In the 7th year of the Taisho Period, the country tried to complete the education system throughout the whole stages and the liberal education movement swept across the country. Kenji was primarily concerned about peasants and in this story he focused on the horseman Betto as a persona representative of the peasants. The affection Ichiro showered on Betto was taken to arise from this fact and the phases of the times and the education environment could be speculated. From the relation between Betto and the Wildcat, the employment relation, the hierarchy, and the gap between the rich and the poor of the time were revealed and it is interpreted from the perspective of a satire on the period. From various perspectives, the appearance of Ichiro into the relationship between the wild cat and Betto reveals the phases of the times and Kenji’s idea. Through Ichiro’s final judgement, the competition among acorns admonishes on the self-centered competition, which is noticeable as this is the writer’s intention of persuading people to stay away from the self-centered values. 本稿においては大正時代に書かれた宮沢賢治の童話どんぐりと山猫の登場人物を4段階に区分し分析 して、登場人物間の関係を通し大正時代の支配階級と被支配階級が存在する社会的構造、それによる社会 的位置、教育環境、社会像、作家賢治の作品の中での意図をなどを社会的背景と比較しながら考察する。 明治維新以来、日本は外的に万民平等を叫んだが、内的には市民の地位も人権も教育面においてはその出 発点にすぎない時代であったと言える。そのような傾向は、大正時代の様々な国内実情と国際関係の変化を 通じて、教育制度の変化と共に維持されていた。 明治時代の学制的には、国民皆教育が徐々に国を中心とし国民養成教育に変容していった時期であり、大 正時代には、第1次世界大戦、大戦後の国際社会の思想の影響で自由主義思想の流入と西洋化が顕著に見ら れ、学校教育でも子供中心の教育が重要視された。大正7年には全教育段階での教育制度の完成と自由教育 運動が全国各地で行われ、新たな教育実践という試みがなされた。 賢治の第一の関心事は、農民であった。この作品を通して農民を代弁している人物として馬車別当に照点 を当てた。一郎に見られる別当に対する関心は、これに起因すると見て、別当という人物を通して、その当時 の世相、教育環境も推測することができた。また、山猫と別当の関係から当時の雇用関係、貧富の差と上下 階級社会を見ることができ、その時代の社会風刺の角度で解析した。山猫と別当の関係における一郎の登場 により、さまざまな視点から、その時代の社会像と作家賢治の思想を垣間見ることができる。どんぐりの競争 構図と一郎の最後の判決を通じ、自己中心の競争構図の中の価値観から解放しようとする作家の意図に注目 した。

宮沢賢治の『ガドルフの百合』の心象スケッチ - 物理的な空間と精神的な空間 -

박경연 동국대학교 일본학연구소 2020 일본학 Vol.52 No.-

In his fairy tales, Kenji sometimes introduces the nature to represent images in his mind or chooses the nature as a way of sketching imageries of the nature. Writing as a means of representing imageries stimulated by the nature is introduced inLily of Gadolph. The study approaches this fairy tale from the perspective of viewing it as an example of representing imageries stimulated by the nature and as an introduction to the religion where religious concepts are piled up along with the nature. Previous studies on Lily of Gadolphrange from love and broken hearts as experienced by an individual to religious concepts. This study, however, focuses on religious implications instead of love. The religious perspective adopted in this study differs from previous religious approaches in that it focuses on the hero Gadolph, the vague dog, the lily as the symbolism in the work, the space symbolized by the house, and the light as a natural phenomenon. By focusing on these elements, this study sheds light on and explicates the imageries concerned with sublimation of love into the growth of the writer’s personality and the imageries focused on religious growth. This study examines the correlation between Gadolph and the vague dog, the lily and the existence of a crafted lily, and analyzes their meanings and values as well as the process of growth. Kenji objectivizes himself levelheadedly by empathizing Gadolph, the vague dog, the honorable lily. The lily and the vague dog embody contrastive meanings. The space is divided into physical space and the mental space. By dividing the lily and the space into three, the author examines selfintrospection and the growth of the religion in each step. Through the role of light as a natural phenomenon, the study regards Gadolph’s agonies and conflicts as the changes in religious consciousness and pays attention to spiritual growth. 賢治の童話は、賢治自身の心象を表現するために、自然を取り入れたり、自然本来のイメージをスケッチするために対象物を選択したりする。自然から刺激を受けてイメージ化させる作品の表現形式は、『ガドルフの百合』にも導入されている。この作品もその一つとして解釈することができ、自然と共に、宗教観念が重畳された宗教の入門過程のような作品と見て、その視覚でアクセスする。 『ガドルフの百合』の先行研究は、個人の体験を通じた恋愛と失恋の感情、宗教的な観念など、様々な観点から注目されている。本研究では、既存の先行研究とは角度を変えて賢治の恋愛説とは違う宗教的な観点から注目する。宗教的な観点の側面も既存の研究とは差別化して作品の主人公ガドルフと曖昧な犬、作品の中のシンボルである百合、屋形という空間、自然現象の一つである光に注目して研究する。このような要素を通して、個人の愛が昇華されて作家の人格的成長、宗教的な成長過程に焦点を当てた心象世界を照明して考察する。 ガドルフと曖昧な犬との関連性、百合と貝細工の百合の存在の意味と価値を分析しながら、主人公の成長過程を作品の構成から研究する。賢治はガドルフと曖昧な犬、高潔な百合に感情移入して、自分自身を冷静かつ客観的に対象化させている。その中で百合と曖昧な犬は対照的な意味を含んでいる。空間を、物理的な空間と精神的な空間として分けて捉える。百合と空間を各3段階に区分して、自己省察と宗教的な生活の成長過程を段階的に考察する。また、自然現象の一つである光と星の明かりの役割を介してガドルフの煩悩と葛藤を、宗教的な意識の変化と精神的に成長していく過程に注目して研究の意義をおきたい。

노년교육 프로그램 참여와 노년기의 삶: D대학교 노인교육프로그램 사례

박경연 한국노년교육학회 2019 한국노년교육학회 학술대회 발표집 Vol.2019 No.1

수면 자세가 운동발달에 미치는 영향

박경연,강지웅,장영택 대한소아청소년과학회 2006 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.49 No.4

Department of Pediatrics, Presbyterian Medical Center, Chonju, Korea Purpose : This study investigated how gross motor and fine motor development are influenced by sleep position. Methods : From December, 2003 to September, 2005, for a year and 9 months, 800 children aged from 3 months to 16 months, who visited the Presbyterian Medical Center, Chonju, Korea were surveyed for motor development scale, sleep position and body weight. Results : The sleep position came in order : 79.3 percent of supine position, 10.0 percent prone position and 10.7 percent side position. Gross motor scale and fine motor scale were not connected with sex. The prone position indicated remarkable increase on gross motor scale from 5-6 months, but stayed the same after 7 months. Fine motor scale was not related to age and sleep position. Gross motor scale and fine motor scale were higher on group weighing more than under average weight group. Conclusion : This study showed that prone position did not influence gross motor scale after 7 months, affecting children of 5-6 months only. Hence, It is not recommended to use the prone position for a baby's fast gross motor development. 목 적 : 엎어 재우기, 똑바로 누워 재우기, 옆으로 재우기 등 수면 자세에 따라서 조대운동발달과 미세운동발달이 차이가 나는지 살펴보기 위해서 연구를 시작하였다. 방 법 : 2003월 12월부터 2005년 9월까지 1년 9개월 동안, 전주예수병원 소아과를 방문하는 3개월부터 16개월 사이의 소아 800명을 대상으로 운동발달검사, 수면 자세, 몸무게를 조사하여 연구하였다.결 과 : 똑바로 누워 재우기가 79.3%, 엎어 재우기가 10.0%, 옆으로 재우기가 10.7%로, 똑바로 누워 재우기가 가장 많았다. 남아와 여아의 조대운동발달 지수는 각각 109.5±16.3, 108.1±17.3이었으며, 미세운동발달 지수는 각각 102.3±17.1, 100.7±16.9로 성별에 따른 발달의 차이는 없었다. 똑바로 누워 재우기, 엎어 재우기, 옆으로 재우기에 따른 조대운동발달 지수는 5개월에 98.2±16.8, 126.2±10.9, 117.2±6.6, 6개월에 101.2±13.0, 115.2±18.0, 95.7±20.2로 각각 엎어 재우기에서 의의 있게 높았다. 7개월에서 16개월까지는 차이가 없었다. 똑바로 누워 재우기, 엎어 재우기, 옆으로 재우기에 따른 미세운동발달 지수는 차이가 없었다. 연령별 평균 미만의 몸무게 군과 연령별 평균 이상의 몸무게 군에서, 조대운동발달 지수는 각각 106.3±16.3, 109.9±16.8이고, 미세운동발달 지수는 각각 99.4±16.2, 102.5±17.2로 연령별 평균 이상의 몸무게 군에서 조대운동발달 지수와 운동발달 지수가 의의 있게 높았다.

지역사회 성인의 혈압측정횟수 및 연령에 따른 혈압의 차이

박경연 한국기초간호학회 2019 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.21 No.4

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the differences in blood pressure among adults in the community according to age and time of the blood pressure measurement. Method: This was a secondary analysis study, using data from a 2015 community health survey, conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The data of three-time-measured blood pressure were collected from 337 subjects, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75 years old, which are median ages by each age group. Results: The primary systolic pressure was significantly higher than the secondary systolic pressure (t = 3.46, p = .001) and the tertiary systolic pressure (t = 4.83, p = .001). The secondary systolic pressure was higher than the tertiary measurement (t = 2.05, p = .041). There was no significant difference between the three-time-measured values for diastolic pressure. There was a significant interaction between measurement times and age in the systoic blood pressure readings (F = 1.95, p = .036). However, there was no significant interaction between measurement times and age in the diastolic blood pressure readings (F = 1.03, p = .418). Conclusion: The findings suggest that attention must be paid to the use of blood pressure values in studies or one-time-measured clinical blood pressure values. In particular, the differences in systolic pressure readings taken at different times in the older age groups were significant. Therefore, it is more important to carefully assess blood pressure in adults over the age of 45 compared to other age groups.

한국 중년남성의 건강검진 수진 예측요인: 제6기 2013년 국민건강영양조사를 이용하여

박경연,안혜경 한국자료분석학회 2016 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that influence health examination for middle-aged men in Korea. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,057 middle-aged men. Data from the sixth Korea national health and nutrition examination survey, 2013 conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were examined and analyzed using complex sampling analysis methods by SPSS version 22.0 program. The mean age of subjects was 50.47 (S.E=0.267) years and 73.7% (S.E=1.7%) of subjects overall by the health examination within the last two years. In multiple logistic regression analysis, influencing factors on health examination were change of body weight during last a year (OR=2.009, CI=1.037-3.895, p=.039), hypercholesterolemia (OR= 2.340, CI=1.156-4.740, p=.019), perceived stress (OR=0.373, CI=0.155-0.895, p=.027), drinking frequency (OR=0.432, CI=0.231-0.805, p=.009), smoking (OR=0.603, CI=0.399-0.913, p=.017), education level (OR=1.713, CI=1.124 -2.609, p=.013), household monthly income (OR=2.502, CI=1.601-3.911, p<.001). The results of the study will provide a basis for strategy in consideration of associated factors which influence on the health examination in middle-aged men. 본 연구는 한국 중년남성의 건강검진 수진 예측요인을 확인하기 위해 질병관리본부의 국민건강영양조사 제6기 1차년도 2013년 현재 한국에 거주하는 중년남성 중 층화집락표본추출방법으로 표집된 1,057명의 자료를 활용하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 22.0 프로그램을 활용하여 복합표본분석(complex sampling analysis) 방법으로 분석하였다. 연구대상자들의 평균연령은 50.47세(S.E=0.267)로 최근 2년 이내에 건강검진 수진을 한 대상자는 전체의 73.7%(S.E=1.7%)였다. 복합표본설계 로지스틱 회귀분석(survey logistic regression analysis) 결과, 한국 중년남성들의 건강검진 수진에 영향을 주는 요인은 체중변화(OR=2.009, CI=1.037-3.895, p=.039), 이상지혈증 여부(OR=2.340, CI= 1.156-4.740, p=.019), 지각된 스트레스(OR=0.373, CI=0.155-0.895, p=.027), 음주량(OR=0.432, CI= 0.231-0.805, p=.009), 흡연여부(OR=0.603, CI=0.399-0.913, p=.017), 교육수준(OR=1.713, CI=1.124 -2.609, p=.013), 가구소득(OR=2.502, CI=1.601-3.911, p<.001)이었다. 연구결과를 통해 한국 중년남성의 건강검진 수진은 개인적 요인 외에도 경제적 요인이 의미있는 관련요인으로 나타나, 일방적인 건강검진 수진 홍보나 권유 외에 경제적 취약자들의 정기적인 건강검진을 위한 사회적 여건과 지지체계가 필요하다고 본다.

자원봉사활동을 하는 일개 간호대학 학생들의 노인에 대한 태도 영향요인

박경연 노인간호학회 2012 노인간호학회지 Vol.14 No.3

Purpose: The study was done to identify factors influencing volunteer nursing student attitudes toward elderly people. Methods: Data were collected from May 21 to June 16, 2012 using a questionnaire which included Facts on Aging Quiz and Aging Semantic Differential Scaling. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 20.0. Results: The mean score for the nursing students' knowledge of elders was 12.4±2.5 out of a possible 25 and the mean for attitudes toward elders was 84.2±9.1 with a possible range of 20~140. The nursing students' attitudes toward elders showed significant negativeness as compared to attitudes toward others as receivers of voluntary activities (p=.026). Factors significantly influencing nursing students' attitudes toward elders were 'knowledge about elders', 'religion', and 'satisfaction with voluntary work' which explained 13.7% of the variance (p<.001). Conclusion: The study results indicate that interventions to improve nursing students' knowledge about elders and increase their satisfaction in voluntary activities with elders are necessary in order to cultivate positive attitudes toward elders through voluntary work.

『주문이 많은 요리점』의 비유와 암시

박경연 한국일본학회 2010 日本學報 Vol.83 No.-

宮沢賢治の童話の中から代表的な『注文の多い料理店』を選び、作家がこの作品を通して読者に伝えようとした比喩と暗示の世界をその当時の時代背景や社会状況と関連させて研究した。また、1920年代の国際情勢の中での日本と作品の関わりを中心に調べてきた。比喩と暗示の伝達方法として西洋料理店を登場させているが、西洋料理店は当時のオリエント急行を比喩して描かれている。明治維新後の日本はイギリスやフランスのような大国の仲間入りを目指していて、領土を拡張しようとする日本の動向を賢治独特の風刺、批判の観点から考察した。この作品では賢治の童話の中で欠かせない比喩と暗示、そして風刺の手法を極大化して、当時の時代背景を通じて、未来を予見するメッセージを強く訴えたと思われた。賢治の平和を愛する心が当時の日本を考えれば危惧せざるを得なかったからであろう。

전통주를 활용한 지역관광 활성화 방안 연구

박경연 한국호텔리조트학회 2023 호텔리조트연구 Vol.22 No.6

This article introduces Korean traditional liquor and finds out how to vitalize local tourism with the liquor. It covers an overall review of the Korea traditional liquor from its history, current status, and future perspective. Unlike many other Korean popularity nowadays such as K-drama, K-pop, Korea traditional liquor is still underestimated and relatively unknown. Also this article tries to find out how to utilize Korea traditional liquor to boost local tourism. In order to achieve the purpose of the article, focus group interview has been conducted with carefully selected 6 experts from both beverage operation industry and university professors who have involved in beverage industry before. Total two times of interview have been conducted on Sept. 20 and Oct. 18 of 2023. Based on an analysis of the interview, the vitalization proposals for the local tourism are suggested including making quality Korea Liquor and organizing quality assurance system and government support as a long-term perspective. Also how to upgrade Korean liquor from current status is suggested including quality control and indication of geographic control policy.

Influential Factors in Integral Citation Choices in Research Article Introductions

박경연 한국응용언어학회 2011 응용 언어학 Vol.27 No.1

This paper is complementary to earlier research on citation function. Among the research on citation, citation use seen from a perspective of integral and nonintegral distinction has been little studied. Consideration of the type distinction in connection with function or purpose, however, may inform researchers, instructors, and students about ways that writers choose a particular citation form to their specific purposes. Using a corpus of 20 research articles written by international writers in the field of academic discourse analysis research, I examine the use of integral citation types in the Introduction section, where integral citation is reported to be less common and marked. The identification of the integral citation functions indicates that the cited work in integral citation appears quite closely related to the citer’s research. The findings of the study suggest that the writer is to weigh references on a scale of relevance and importance, considering the implications of different choices.