Effect of nitrogen types and the electrical conductivity of a nutrient solution on gray mold caused Botrytis cinerea on strawberry plants

남명현,이희철,김태일 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2019 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.46 No.1

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea on strawberry plants is an economically significant disease in Korea. The rates for diseased fruits are high during the strawberry harvesting period from December to February, especially in hydroponic cultivation. This study assessed the effect of the nitrogen type in the soil culture and the electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution in a hydroponic culture on the gray mold incidence in ‘Seolhyang’ strawberry plants. The nitrogen sources assayed included calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (CN4), calcium nitrate decahydrate (CN10), ammonium sulfate (AS), and commercial fertilizer 213 (213). The effect of the EC was tested at 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.5 dS · m-1. The occurrence of gray mold varied according to the nitrogen type. The disease incidence and nitrogen content for the main nitrogen type were higher compared to the non-treated control. The AS treatment showed the highest occurrence of tipburn and gray mold. The incidence of gray mold as well as the nitrogen and phosphorus content of the leaves increased as the EC level was increased. These results indicate that the incidence of gray mold in strawberry plants is related to the nitrogen content of the leaf and the EC of the nutrient solution.

First report of anthracnose crown rot caused by Colletotrichum siamense on strawberry in Korea

남명현,Myung Soo Park,Je hyeok Yoo,Byung Joo Lee,이종남 한국균학회 2022 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.50 No.3

Anthracnose crown rot (ACR) has been observed in greenhouses during the nursery and harvest seasons in Gangwon Province, Korea. Infected plants showed black leaf spot, dark sunken pink conidial masses on petioles, wilting, and eventually death. Five isolates were obtained from the lesions of strawberry plants and were identified as a Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex based on their cultural and morphological characteristics. Multilocus sequence analysis of actin, calmodulin, chitin synthase, glyceraldehyde-3- phophate dehydrogenase genes, and internal transcribed spacer rDNA regions showed that the isolates formed a monophyletic group with the type strain of C. siamense. Pathogenicity tests were performed on the isolate, and Koch’s postulates were performed to verify the relationship between Colletotrichum sp. and the strawberry plant variety Seolhyang. The isolate was pathogenic to strawberry plants, which exhibited typical ACR symptoms. Based on morphological characteristics, pathogenicity, and DNA sequence analyses, the fungus isolated in Korea was identified as C. siamense. This is first time C. siamense has been confirmed in ever-bearing strawberry varieties in Korea.

Application of an IPM-based Spray Program to Protected Cultivation of Strawberry in Korea

남명현,김현숙,이원근,성열규,마크 L. 글리슨,송정영,김홍기 한국원예학회 2008 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.49 No.5

An IPM-based spray program (ISP), based on ecological and agronomic information, is necessary for reducing pesticide sprays and producing strawberries safely. In this study, the applicability of ISP to safe production of strawberries was compared with a conventional spray program (Con-SP) during the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 seasons in plastic houses in Nonsan, Korea. The ISP program consisted of fungicide, insecticide, and miticide treatments as well as release of natural enemies before and after harvest. The ISP treatment schedule was as follows: dipping transplants in azoxystrobin before transplanting (mid-September); spraying with abamectin and thiacloprid when black mulch was applied (early October); spraying with pyraclostrobin + acetamiprid and tetraconazole + abamectin before blooming in early and mid-November, respectively; transplanting banker plants colonized by Aphidius colemani in mid-February (2005-2006 season) or November (2006-2007 season); and releasing Phytoseiulus persimilis in mid-March. Number of pesticide sprays per season for ISP and Con-SP was five and nine, respectively. Anthracnose crown rot, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, did not occur in ISP in either season, but incidence was ≤ 3.3% in Con-SP during the 2005-2006 season. Powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca aphanis var. aphanis) did not occur during harvest in ISP, but occurred during early and late harvest stages in Con-SP in both years. Incidence of Botrytis fruit rot did not differ between ISP and Con-SP. Two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) did not appear until March in ISP; subsequently, spider mite density remained at ≤-0.5 mite per leaf until the last harvest period in both years. The number of spider mites in ISP and Con-SP during the harvest did not differ. Populations of cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) were also higher in ISP than Con-SP but decreased from March to April, accompanied by production of aphid mummies by A. colemani. The results showed that ISP was more effective than Con-SP, and required fewer pesticide sprays.

딸기 탄저병 방제를 위한 정식 전 살균제 침지처리 효과

남명현,이인하,김홍기 한국식물병리학회 2014 식물병연구 Vol.20 No.1

Anthracnose crown rot (ACR), caused by Colletotrichum fructicola, is a serious disease of strawberry in Korea. The primary inoculums of ACR were symptomless strawberry plants, plant debris, and other host plants. To effectively control anthracnose in symptomless transplanted strawberries, it is necessary to use diseasefreeplants, detect the disease early, and apply a fungicide. Therefore, in 2010 and 2011, we evaluated theefficacy of pre-plant fungicide dips by using strawberry transplants infected by C. fructicola for the control ofanthracnose. Dipping plants in prochloraz-Mn for 10 min before planting was most effective for controllinganthracnose in symptomless strawberry plants and resulted in more than 76% control efficacy. Azoxystrobinshowed a control efficacy of over 40%, but plants treated with pyraclostrobin, mancozeb and iminoctadinetris showed high disease severity. The control efficacy of the dip treatment with prochloraz-Mn did not differwith temperature and time. Treatment with prochloraz-Mn for more than an hour caused growth suppressionin strawberry plants. Therefore, the development of anthracnose can be effectively reduced by dipping strawberryplants for 10 min in prochloraz-Mn before planting.

딸기 병걸린 식물잔재물과 토양에서 탄저병균 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides와 Glomerella cingulata의 월동과 생존

남명현,김홍기,송정영 한국식물병리학회 2004 식물병연구 Vol.10 No.3

The overwinter and survival of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Glomerella cingulata in strawberry tissues under field conditions was investigated in 2001 and 2002. The rates of overwinter survival in plant petiole, runner and crown were 68.7, 14.3, and 26.7%, respectively. But, under field condition, viable conidia of overwinter were not detected at the surface, 3, 5, and 10 cm depths of soil. To investigate the survival ability in soil and plant debris, C. gloeosporioides and G. cingulata isolates from strawberry were examined in laboratory and field. The viability of conidia was rapidly declined in all the treatments, with a 40% reduction in population within 10 days. In soil, the survival ability of G. cingulata conidia was similiar to that of C. gloeosporioides. The survival rate of conidia was highest under cool and dry soil conditions, and was decreased by increasing both soil temperature and moisture content. Similar results were also obtained under the condition that infected petioles were buried in soil. Results suggested that conidia as well as plant debris might be a main primary inoculum source of strawberry anthracnose.

살균제 살포횟수 감소를 위한 딸기 탄저병 방제프로그램

남명현,김홍기,N. A. Peres,김현숙,남윤규 한국식물병리학회 2011 식물병연구 Vol.17 No.3

The effect of various fungicides on anthracnose of strawberry, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, was determined in vitro, and in greenhouse and field trials. The EC_(50) values of benomyl were clearly different between two sensitive and resistant groups of isolates. Iminoctadine tris had lower EC_(50) values than mancozeb and propineb as protective fungicides and the response of mancozeb, propineb and azoxystrobin was variable depending on the isolate. In the greenhouse, pre- and post- inoculation fungicide applications significantly reduced disease compared to the non-treated control. Propineb, mancozeb and azoxystrobin were effective in controlling the disease when applied prior to inoculation. Metconazole and prochloraz-Mn treatments as ergosterol biosynthesis-inhibiting fungicides had the lowest incidence of anthracnose. In the nursery field trials in 2009 and 2010, the reduced fungicide spray program provided similar levels of disease control compared to the calendar-based applications with captan. A reduced spray program based on efficacious fungicides such as prochloraz-Mn will be useful for strawberry growers and provide more options for controlling anthracnose in Korea. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides에 의해 발생하는 딸기 탄저병에 대한 여러 살균제의 방제효과를 in vitro, 비닐하우스와 노지 육묘포장에서 검정하였다. Benomyl의 EC_(50)값은 균주 간에 저항성과 감수성 그룹으로 확연히 구별되었다. Iminoctadine tris는 mancozeb나 propineb과 같은 보호살균제보다 낮은 EC_(50)값을 보였으며 mancozeb, propineb, azoxystrobin의 효과는 균주에 따라 다양한 결과를 보였다. 비닐하우스에서, 9종의 살균제를 병원균 접종 전과 후 딸기 '설향' 품종에 처리하였을 때 모든 약제는 무처리에 비해 방제효과가 좋았다. Propineb, mancozeb, azoxystrobin은 병원균 감염 전 처리 시 방제효과가 우수했던 반면 metconazole과 prochloraz-Mn와 같은 ergosterol biosynthesis inhibiting 살균제들은 낮은 탄저병 이병율을 보였다. 2009년과 2010년 노지 육묘포장에서 감소된 살균제 처리 프로그램에 따른 탄저병 방제는 captan 처리 프로그램과 비슷한 방제효과를 보였다. 따라서 prochloraz-Mn 등과 같은 탄저병에 효과적인 살균제를 기반으로 작성된 처리 프로그램은 딸기 농가에 유용하게 사용될 수 있고 탄저병 방제를 위한 더 많은 선택을 제공할 것이다.

구약성경의 선교와 하나님 나라

남명현 주안대학원대학교 2013 미션인사이트 Vol.5 No.-

한국교회 선교 패러다임의 전환, ‘파송(사 6:8)’에서 ‘초대(행 16:9)’로: 말레이시아 사바 보르네오 복음 교단(SIB Sabah)과의 에큐메니컬 선교 동역 사례 연구

남명현 장로회신학대학교 세계선교연구원 2023 선교와 신학 Vol.61 No.-

에큐메니칼 선교를 위해서는 선교의 전통적인 관점인 파송 선교사 중심적 패러다임에서 현지교회 중심적 초대 패러다임의 전환이 중요하다. 이러한 전환 과정에서 필요한 것은 다음 두 가지이다. 첫째, 선교 형태는 현지교단과 협력 사역을 수행하는 것이다. 둘째, 선교 방법은 현지 교단이 선교주도권을 가질 수 있는 ‘에큐메니칼 상호협력 선교’를 수행하는 것이다. 필자는 이 사실을 증명하기 위하여 이러한 변화가 가능하게 된 SIB Sabah와의 선교 동역 사역 과정을 중심으로 고찰하고자 한다. 이를 위하여첫째, 에큐메니칼 선교의 도전과 한계점들, 둘째, 선교 동역 교단에 대한소개, 선교 동역의 동기와 이유들, 선교 동역 교단 간의 관계, 셋째, 말레이시아 선교 현장의 적용을 연구하고자 한다. 필자는 필자의 선교 사역의 결과를 통해 얻은 것을 바탕으로 향후 말레이시아 선교 발전을 위해 다음과 같은 제언을 하고자 한다. 첫째, 말레이시아 선교 현지의 주민들과 현지교회가 자립할 수 있도록 돕는 선교를 추구해야 한다. 둘째, 말레이시아 교회 공동체(교단, 단체)가 자민족이나 자국안의 특수성의 선교를 넘어서 보편성의 선교를 감당하는 교회 공동체(교단, 단체)가 될 수 있도록 돕는 방향으로 선교를 지향해야 한다. 셋째, SIB 교단의 교회들과 성도들이 성숙한 신앙을 가질 수 있도록 목회자들의 질적양적 성장을 돕는 선교 방향을 추구하는 것이 요청된다 For ecumenical missions, it is important to change the paradigm to initiation centered on the local church from the traditional missionary-centered dispatching paradigm. In this transition process, two things are needed: First, the form of mission is to carry out a ministry in partnership with a local denomination. Second, the mission method is to carry out “ecumenical mutual cooperation mission” in which the local denomination can take the initiative in mission. In order to prove this hypothesis, I would like to focus on the work of the process of cooperation in mission with SIB Sabah in Malaysia that made this change possible. For this purpose, first, I will introduce ecumenical missions in Malaysia context and the points to be noted. Second, I would like to describe a general history of SIB Sabah, motives and reasons for cooperation in mission with SIB Sabah, and ministries between SIB Sabah and PCK (Tonghap). Then, third, I will describe the application of ecumenical missions in Malaysia. I will make the following suggestions for the future development of missions toward Malaysia based on a few things I have gained as a result of my mission work. First, missions in Malaysia should be pursued to help local residents and local churches become self-reliant. Second, the mission should be directed in the direction of helping the Malaysian church community (denomination, organization) to become a church community (denomination, organization) that carries out the mission of universality beyond the mission of its own ethnicity or nationality. Third, it is required to pursue a mission direction that helps the qualitative and quantitative growth of pastors so that the churches and members of the SIB denomination can have mature faith.

아내를 향한 작지만 큰 사랑법

남명현 샘터사 2022 월간 샘터 Vol.623 No.-

딸기 수경재배에서 베드 피복유무에 따른 시들음병과 점박이응애 발생양상

남명현,김현숙,김태일,오상근 한국식물병리학회 2018 식물병연구 Vol.24 No.4

Hydroponic strawberry culture system is increasing annually. Most of strawberry farmers use mulched bed in hydroponic culture and strawberry plants were transplanted in early September. After transplanting, Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae and twospotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae, can increase their occurrence under high temperature condition. Therefore, we conducted for comparison occurrence of Fusarium wilt and TSSM on mulched with green polyethylene film and non-mulched bed. Occurrence of Fusarium wilt on mulched bed was started from early October and more increase than non-mulched bed. Damage rate of TSSM on mulched bed was shown higher than non-mulched bed. Temperature of substrate in mulched bed increased than non-mulched bed, but relative humidity near plants was decreased. As a result, use of non-mulched bed should be effective for reducing of Fusarium wilt and TSSM on strawberry plants.