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Ginsenoside Rg3의 함량증가를 위한 변환 기술
남기열,최재을,박종대 韓國藥用作物學會 2013 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.21 No.5
Ginsenoside Rg3 (G-Rg3) contained only in red ginseng has been found to show various pharmacological effects such as an anticancer, antiangiogenetic, antimetastastic, liver protective, neuroprotective immunomodulating, vasorelaxative, antidiabetic, insulin secretion promoting and antioxidant activities. It is well known that G-Rg3 could be divided into 20(R)-Rg3 and 20(S)-Rg3 according to the hydroxyl group attached to C-20 of aglycone, whose structural characteristics show different pharmacological activities. It has been reported that G-Rg3 is metabolized to G-Rh2 and protopanaxadiol by the conditions of the gastric acid or intestinal bacteria, thereby these metabolites could be absorbed, suggesting its absolute bioavailability (2.63%) to be very low. Therefore, we reviewed the chemical, physical and biological transformation methods for the production on a large scale of G-Rg3 with various pharmacological effects. We also examined the influence of acid and heat treatment-induced potentials on for the preparation method of higher G-Rg3 content in ginseng and ginseng products. Futhermore, the microbial and enzymatic bio-conversion technologies could be more efficient in terms of high selectivity, efficiency and productivity. The present review discusses the available technologies for G-Rg3 production on a large scale using chemical and biological transformation.
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남기열,손석룡,배효원,Nam, Gi-Yeol,Son, Seok-Ryong,Bae, Hyo-Won 고려인삼학회 1980 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.4 No.1
In order to increase the production of ginseng, a cultural experiment was carried out under different types of natural forest condition. Seedlings were transplanted with three spacing (70,90 and plants per 1.62m2) under the broad leaved, needle and mixed forest. The obtained results are as follows. 1 Growth of aerial part of ginseng plant. 1) Vegetative growth under forest condition of very poor as compared with ordinary cultivation, but there was no significant in number of leaf and teasel. 2) Stem diameter and stem length under the different forest types were a little difference. However petiole length and number of leafet showed an increasing trend in broad leaved forest as compared with other forest types. 3) The withering date of aerial part of ginseng plant in the needle forest was later than of others. 2. Fresh weight of ginseng root per plant was decreasing in the order of broad leaved forest, needle and mixed forest, needle and sized forest respectively. However the root weight was much smaller than that of ordinary cultivated one. 3. No big difference was observed in the growth of both aerial and root among the planting density 4. Nitrogen content in ginseng root under forest was lower, but calcium content In root was higher than that of ordinary one. 5. Fat and fiber content of ginseng root under forest showed higher than that of ordinary one. 6. The saponin content of ginseng root grown under forest condition was higher than that of ordinary ginseng root. According to high performance liquid chromatogram of saponin, only difference from ordinary cultivated ginseng root was that ginsenoside Re showed higher peak than ginsenoside Rg1.
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남기열 서울대학교 지리교육과 1984 지리학과 지리교육 Vol.14 No.1
This study aims to clarify the occurrence characteristics of air masses which influence the Korean peninsula in summer. Equivalent potential temperatures of the East Asia region (forty-seven aerological stations of 850mb height surface were selected) were acquired. The air masses are classified by the method of Saito classification (1966). The patterns of the equivalent potential temperature maps were classified into five types according to the air masses which influence Korean peninsula. The results of the study summarize as follows: 1) Type I: Type I is the case of the Ohotsk Air Mass (mP) covering the Korean peninsula. The occurrence frequency of this type of airmass is very high during the periods from June 1-July 5, and after that it is reduced. The occurrence frequency during Changma Periods the so called $quot;summer rainy seasons$quot;, is very high, up to 16.9%. When this type appears the weather is wet and cold. 2) Type II: Type II is the case of the Continental Air Mass (cP) covering the Korean peninsula. The occurrence frequency of this type of airmass is high during the periods of early of June, July 6 through July 15, and after August 19. The occurrence frequency during Changma Periods is 3.0%. 3) Type III: Type III is the case of the Polar Air Mass covering the Korean peninsula. But there was difficulty in identifying the air mass, This type is same as type I, and type II. From June 1 to June 30 a high frequency is noted. 4) Type IV: Type IV is the case of the Tropical Air Mass (T) or Monsoon Air Mass (M) covering the Korean peninsula. Because study deals with summer, type IV has the most frequently occurs. The occurrence frequency increases sharply during the period from June 26 to 30 and this high frequency continues to August 14. The maximum frequency is during the period from July 26 to August 4. By this classification Ohotsk High influences the formation of Changma Front. In June the Ohotsk High blocks the northward shifting of Changma Front so that the arrival of Changma Front upon the Korean peninsula is delayed. In July it again blocks the northward shifting of Changma Front so that it delays the departure of the Changma Front from the Korean peninsula. During East Asia's summer rainy period, the air mass which is located at the nothern side of Changma Front is usually the Ohotsk Air Mass and which is then followed by a Continental Air Mass.
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남기열,김영수,손미례,박종대 한국생약학회 2015 생약학회지 Vol.46 No.3
We have conducted a comprehensive literature review regarding the chemical constituents and biological activities of Korean black ginseng(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer), three to nine times-steamed and dried ginseng, which shows strong black color through Maillared browning reaction. It has been reported that some chemically deglycosylated and transformed saponins are obtained from black ginseng as artifacts produced during intensive steaming. They have been known to be ginsenosides Rg3, Rg4, Rg5, Rg6, Rh1, Rh2, Rh4, Rk1 and Rk3, quite different from those of red ginseng, among which ginsenosides Rg3, Rg5 and Rk1 are considered to be major components. And also, black ginseng has been recently found to demonstrate anticancer, recovery from learning and memory damages, hypontensive, antidiabetic, antiobesitic, tonic and antiatopic activities, together with antioxidative and exercise performance improving activities, exhibiting their effects to be a little bit stronger than those of red ginseng. These findings suggest that black ginsng might play an important role in the development of promising functional foods and drugs from the viewpoint of the chemical composition and biological activities of black ginseng with a distinction from those of white and red ginsengs. In this review, the authors will survey and evaluate further functions of black ginseng with a focus on its physicochemical properties and biological activities.
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남기열,최재을,홍세철,표미경,박종대 한국생약학회 2014 생약학회지 Vol.45 No.1
Ginsenoside Rg3 (G-Rg3) is one of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides characteristic of red ginseng, steamed and driedginseng (Panax ginseng), which has recently attracted much attention for its antitumor properties in vitro and in vivo animalmodels. Experimental studies have demonstrated that it could promote cancer cell apoptosis, inhibit cancer cell growth, the apoptosisof cancer cells, adhesion, invasion and metastasis, and also prevent an angiogenetic formation in prostate, breast, ovarian,colorectal, gastric, liver and lung cancer etc. It has shown the antitumor activities by modulation of diverse signaling pathways,including regulation of cell proliferation mediators (CDKs and cyclins), growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor),tumor suppressors (p53 and p21), cell death mediators (caspases, Bcl-2, Bax), inflammatory response molecules (NF-κB andCOX-2), protein kinases (JNK, Akt, and AMP-activated protein kinase) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition, the combinationof Rg3 and chemotherapeutic agents have synergistically enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced antagonisticallyside effects. Furthermore, it can reverse the multidrug resistance of cancer cells, prolong the survival duration and improve lifequality of cancer patients. Taken together, accumulating evidences could provide the potential of G-Rg3 in the treatment of cancersand the feasibility of further randomized placebo controlled clinical trials.
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남기열 한국경영과학회 2015 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.4
본 연구는 휴대폰, OLED 모듈, TFT-LCD 모듈 등의 모듈조립공정에 대한 시뮬레이션 모델을 제시하였다. 본 시뮬레이션 모델은 모듈조립공정에서 생산성에 영향을 미치는 설비고장, 작업자 휴지시간, 자재공급방식, 양품율, 버퍼 사이즈, 로트 사이즈, 공정내 물류방식 등 다양한 요소를 반영하였다. 재공배수 최소화를 위해 공정내의 운영 파합지터값인 투입량, 합지버퍼, 합지로트 사이즈과 여러 공정 운영 대안들에 대한 평가결과를 제공한다. 최선의 개선대안 선택을 위해 ARENA의 OptTek Systems사의 OptQuest라는 소프트웨어 패키지를 사용하였다. 시뮬레이션 모델링을 통해 공정의 문제점을 파악하였고, 재공배수의 최소화를 위한 최선의 투입량, 합지버퍼, 합지로트 사이즈를 결정하여 기존공정대비 생산량 5.8%증가, 재공 90%감소, 재공배수 90% 감소 결과를 도출하였다.
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남기열 대한산업공학회 2015 대한산업공학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.4
본 연구는 휴대폰, OLED 모듈, TFT-LCD 모듈 등의 모듈조립공정에 대한 시뮬레이션 모델을 제시하였다. 본 시뮬레이션 모델은 모듈조립공정에서 생산성에 영향을 미치는 설비고장, 작업자 휴지시간, 자재공급방식, 양품율, 버퍼 사이즈, 로트 사이즈, 공정내 물류방식 등 다양한 요소를 반영하였다. 재공배수 최소화를 위해 공정내의 운영 파합지터값인 투입량, 합지버퍼, 합지로트 사이즈과 여러 공정 운영 대안들에 대한 평가결과를 제공한다. 최선의 개선대안 선택을 위해 ARENA의 OptTek Systems사의 OptQuest라는 소프트웨어 패키지를 사용하였다. 시뮬레이션 모델링을 통해 공정의 문제점을 파악하였고, 재공배수의 최소화를 위한 최선의 투입량, 합지버퍼, 합지로트 사이즈를 결정하여 기존공정대비 생산량 5.8%증가, 재공 90%감소, 재공배수 90% 감소 결과를 도출하였다.
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