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김형진,오정수,조병묵 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 2000 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.6
Paper is an important material being considered as a contributor for the development and succession of human culture. With the introduction of mass production system by fourdrinier paper machine, the addition of lots kinds of chemicals and additives is necessarily required for controlling papermaking process. The modern machine-made paper has a irreversible problem for acidification or deterioration of paper before the passage of time around 100 years, due to the chemical additions. The deterioration factors of paper can be divided by several classes, such as factors by raw materials of pulp, by papermaking processes, and by external environment. Among these, some factors occurring aging in paper are temperature, moisture, and air pollutant materials. In particular, air pollution, like SO_2 and NO_2 by industrial and automobile origins has been a topic of focusing attentions for preservation of an old books. In this study, the conditions of artificial air pollutants and heat acceleration were controlled in special gas exposure system and weather-o-meter. The aging treatment was carried out in three kinds of commercial paper prepared with different types of fibrous material. The aging behaviors of paper by the factors of temperature, moisture, sulfur dioxide or nitrogen dioxide were investigated and analyzed from the results in physical and chemical properties of paper.
초임계 이산화탄소를 이용한 다공성 Silicone Rubber 의 제조
김형진,홍인권,이승범 한국화학공학회 1996 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.34 No.4
초임계유체는 뛰어난 용해력으로 인해 추출용매로서의 그 응용범위가 점차 다양해지고 인다. 초임계유체 영역에서는 압력과 온도의 작은 변화에 의해 용매의 밀도와 그에 따른 용매력의 큰 변화를 유발시킨다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 초임계 유체 추출의 기본적 원리를 이용하여 고분자 그물 조직 안에 물리적으로만 결합되어 있는 미세한 입자들을 추출하고 또한 그 추출량을 변화시킴으로써 고분자내 기공의 분포 변화를 연구하고자 하였다. 실험 물질로는 내열, 내한성이 우수하며 넓은 온도범위에서 우수한 기계적 특성을 갖는 silicone rubber와 탄산칼슘을 이용하였다. 다량의 탄산칼슘을 silicone rubber에 균일하게 분산시켜 silicone rubber-탄산칼슘의 composite sheet를 제조하여 시편으로 사용하였다. 고압 반응기내에시 용매인 초임계 이산화탄소는 시편을 팽윤시키며 조직 안으로 침투하여 물리적으로만 결합되어 있는 탄산칼슘 입자들을 용해시켜 추출해낸다. 이때 추출된 입자들의 자리는 silicone rubber 조직내부의 기공으로 남게 된다. 초임계유체의 밀도를 변화시켜 추출량을 변화시킴으로써 silicone rubber의 기공분포를 변화시켰다. SEM을 이용하여 실험 전·후 시편의 조직내의 입자들의 분포특성과 기공분포를 관측하였다. 위와 같은 공정으로 제조한 다공성 silicone rubber는 크로마토그래피의 충진물질, catalytic membrane, 유기용매의 수착이나 여과 등에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Since supercritical fluid has the benefit that slight changes in the temperature and pressure in the critical region cause extremely large change in the solvent density and thus its dissolving power, its application has been enlarged. In this study, calcium carbonate(CaCO₃) particles impregnated in silicone rubber network were extracted by using supercritical carbon dioxide and pore distribution of silicone tubber-CaCO₃ was investigated with varying amount of extract. Silicone rubber has excellent mechanical properties such as heat-resistance, cold-resistance. Silicone rubber-CaCO₃ composite sheets were prepared by kneading processes. And then CaCO₃ particles become dispersed and impregnated in silicone rubber network. Supercritical carbon dioxide diffuse through composite sample, then sample is swollen. CaCO₃ in silicone rubber network is dissolved in supercritical carbon dioxide, and its sites become pores. Pore distribution and pore shape are observed by SEM(scanning electron microscope). Porous silicone rubber is suited for uses such as chromatographic devices, catalytic membranes, and adsorbents of organics.
고층 주거 단지 내 외부 공간의 계획 특성에 관한 연구 : '90년대 공영 아파트 설계 경기 당선안의 보행공간을 중심으로
김형진,박찬규 충남대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.16 No.1
Because of giving the first consideration primarily to planning interior spaces and parking areas in multi-family housing, the pedestrian space, although an important factor, has come to be neglectful. Nevertheless, the design competitions introduced for the first time in 1980s have played significant roles in developing the fresh ideas and concepts in housing design. It is important to review the ideas proposed in competitions until now in order to spread them over other housing developments. In this context, the goal of this study is to classify the types of pedestrian space and analyze their design characteristics in the proposals of housing design competitions in 1990s.
김형진,홍창국 한국공업화학회 2017 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2017 No.1
The electrolyte comprised with vanadium cations has main drawbacks which are limited solubility in aqueous solution, high cost and using H2SO4 as supporting electrolyte. To solve these problems, NaCl used as supporting electrolyte was applied with quinone based organic species. We compared that the differences of electrochemical kinetic between H2SO4 and NaCl were employed by Cyclic voltammetry. Besides, charge transfer and mass transfer related to concentration of supporting electrolyte were observed by electrochemical analysis.