소규모 오수발생지역의 고도처리시설을 위한 상.하 흐름형 인공습지 개발

김형중,윤춘경,권태영,정광욱,Kim, Hyung-Joong,Yoon, Chun-G.,Kwun, Tae-Young,Jung, Kwang-Wook 한국농공학회 2006 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.48 No.6

The feasibility of the up- and down-flow constructed wetland was examined fur rural wastewater treatment in Korea. Many constructed wetland process was suffered from substrate clogging and high plant stresses because of long term operation. The up- and down-flow constructed wetland process used porous granule materials (charcoal pumice : SSR=10:20:70) for promoting intake rate of nutrient to plant, and especially flow type was designed continuously repeating from up-flow to down-flow. $BOD_5$ and SS was removed effectively by the process with the average removal rate being about 75% respectively. The wetland process was effective in treating nutrient as well as organic pollutant. Removal of TN and TP were more effective than other wetland system and mean effluent concentrations were approximately 7.5 and $0.4mg\;L^{-1}$ which satisfied the water quality standard for WWTPs. The treatment system did not experience any clogging or accumulations of pollutants and reduction of treatment efficiency during winter period because constructed polycarbonate glass structure prevented temperature drop. Considering stable performance and effective removal of pollutant in wastewater, low maintenance, and cost-effectiveness, the up- and down-flow constructed wetland was thought to be an effective and feasible alternative in rural area.

논문 - 이동저수지 유역의 수질 특성 및 항목간 상관관계 분석

김형중,함종화,김동환,홍대벽,Kim, Hyung-Joong,Haam, Jong-Hwa,Kim, Dong-Hwan,Hong, Dae-Byuk 한국관개배수위원회 2011 한국관개배수논문집 Vol.18 No.2

This study was carried out to analyze characteristics of water quality and correlation among water quality parameters in Idong reservoir used for agricultural water. The pH and concentrations of DO, SS, BOD, COD, TP, Chl-a in Idong reservoir almost met the water quality standards for agricultural water, but TN concentration exceeded the water quality standards for agricultural water. All of water quality items had no significant difference between horizontal points at 95% confidence level and the Idong reservoir was possible to be treated as the single water body. As NIP ratio of the Idong reservoir is 52, TP is a limiting nutrient salt. As TN exceeds the water quality standards, it is required to preserve TP below current state to prevent water bloom by eutrophication. Therefore, reduction of phosphorus from the watershed is necessary for controlling the eutrophication of Idong reservoir.

삽교호의 수질특성에 관한 연구

김형중,윤경섭,안열,이광식,Kim Hyung Joong,Yoon Kyung Sup,An Yeoul,Lee Kwang Sik 한국관개배수위원회 2004 한국관개배수논문집 Vol.11 No.2

The water quality indexes of Lake Sapkyo in Asan city Korea, were investigated and analyzed to diagnose and assess the water environment. The 55 and T-P concentrations in influent streams were highly variable during the rainstorm event because of the firs

농업용수원인 왕궁저수지의 수질특성

김형중,윤경섭,이광식,Kim Hyung-Joong,Yoon Kyung- Sup,Lee Kwang- Sik 한국관개배수위원회 2003 한국관개배수논문집 Vol.10 No.2

Physical, chemical and biological water quality indexes of Wanggung agricultural reservoir in Iksan city Korea, were investigated and analyzed to diagnose and assess the water environment from 2000 to 2002. The mean concentrations of SS, COD and T-P satis

길랑-바레 증후군의 한방치료에 관한 고찰 - 중의학 저널을 중심으로 -

김형중,이은주,이선행,장규태,Kim, Hyung Joong,Lee, Eun Ju,Lee, Sun Haeng,Chang, Gyu Tae 대한한방소아과학회 2015 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.29 No.3

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze Korean medicine treatment of guillain-barre syndrome based on TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) Journals. Methods : 12 control studies and 28 case studies in CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were selected for analysis. Results and Conclusions : 1. In control studies, most studies have studied western medicine (Control) versus western medicine + TCM (Intervention group). The intervention group had significantly better results than that of the control group. 2. In case studies, syndrome differentiations related to dual deficiency of qi and blood are common. Every syndrome differentiations has deficiency syndrome. 3. The most commonly used acupoints are LI11, ST36, LI4 and GB34. 4. The most commonly used meridians are large intestine meridian and stomach meridian.

삼복첩의 장단점에 대한 인식조사와 삼복첩 부작용에 대한 연구

김형중,이은주,이선행,장규태,Kim, Hyung Joong,Lee, Eun Ju,Lee, Sun Haeng,Chang, Gyu Tae 대한한방소아과학회 2014 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.28 No.4

Objectives The purpose of this study is to understand what caregivers think advantageous and disadvantageous regarding Acupoint sticking Dog-days. Also, to know whether Acupoint sticking in Dog-days affect vital signs, and to investigate if occurrence of side effects are related to application duration, sweat, or compliance to precautionary measures. Methods Survey has been handed out to parents of the children who took Acupoint sticking in Dog-days. 10 days after the first dose was administered, survey was performed to examine any side effect occurrences, characteristics of sweat, duration of application, parents' thought about this therapy. Also, vital signs were checked before the first dose, and 10 days after to see any differences in vital signs in regards to this therapy. Results Preferable opinions about Acupoint sticking in Dog-days are 'convenient than herbal medications' (76.5%), 'less reluctance of child' (47.1%), 'reasonable price' (20.6%), 'good effectiveness' (17.6%), 'less side effect' (14.7%), 'no worry about agrochemicals or heavy metals uptake' (11.8%). Downsides were 'difficult to admit to hospital right on the Dog-days' (73.5%), 'no conspicuous effectiveness' (11.8%), 'expensive' (5.9%), 'reluctance of child' (2.9%). Vital sign differences were minimal when examined before and after Acupoint sticking in Dog-days. Side effects occurred 5 times in 34 cases, and they were erythema, itchiness, and hot sensation. There were no scars or blisters reported. All 5 cases were resolved without any interventions within 3 days. Conclusions Acupoint sticking in Dog-days doesn't affect vital signs. Severe side effect is rare, reported side effects were relatively mild, suggesting that it may be safe and well-tolerated. 'Convenience' (76.5%) is biggest advantage of Acupoint sticking in Dog-days and 'less reluctance of child' is also big advantage of Acupoint sticking in Dog-days. 'Difficulty to admit to hospital right on the Dog-days' (73.5%) is biggest disadvantage of Acupoint sticking in Dog-days.

성장과 관련된 측정 수치와 예상키의 관계에 대한 연구

김형중,이선행,장규태,Kim, Hyung Joong,Lee, Sun Haeng,Chang, Gyu Tae 대한한방소아과학회 2014 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between mid parental height (MPH), birth weight, current growth condition of children (height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, bone age) and final height of the future. Methods The study was conducted with 237 children, who were 12 - 14 years old. They were analyzed to find out the relationship between MPH, birth weight, height, current weight, BMI, body fat percentage, bone age and predicted height. Results 1. As MPH was increased, height and predicted height were also increased. As MPHs in girls were increased, 'bone age - chronological age' were decreased. As MPHs in girls were increased, body fat percentages were decreased. 2. As birth weights were increased, height, weight, BMI and body fat percentages were also increased in boys. 3. As body fat percentage was increased, predicted height was decreased. As 'bone age - chronological age' was increased, predicted height was decreased. As BMI was increased, 'bone age - chronological age' was increased. As body fat percentages in boys were increased, heights were decreased. As body fat percentages in girls were increased, 'bone age - chronological age' were increased. Conclusions MPH, birth weight, current growth condition (height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, bone age) and predicted height are correlated to each other. There are some differences between boys and girls in these relationships.

학교 신체검진 상 우연히 발견된 제2형 막증식성 사구체신염 1예

김형중,곽병옥,배재욱,김교순,임소덕,Kim, Hyung-Joong,Kwak, Byung-Ok,Bae, Jae-Uk,Kim, Kyo-Sun,Lim, So-Dug 대한소아신장학회 2010 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.14 No.1

막증식성 사구체 신염은 메산지움의 증식과 사구체 모세혈관의 비후를 동반하는 진행성 신질환으로 병리학적 소견에 따라 1, 2, 3형으로 분류할 수 있다. 이 질환은 일차성 사구체신염의 약 2%가량을 차지하는데, 대개의 경우 만성적으로 진행하는 경과를 보이며 다른 사구체신염에 비하여 신기능 소실로 진행하는 경우가 많지만 효과적인 치료법이 정립되어있지 않고 다양한 치료가 시도되고 있다. 학교 집단신체검사에서 소변검사가 포함되기 시작하면서 제1형 막증식성 사구체신염은 수차례 보고되었고 이들에 대한 조기 치료가 신질환의 진행을 늦추는데 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있는데 반해, 제2형 막증식성 사구체신염이 학교 집단신체검사에서 발견된 예는 현재까지 국내에서 보고된 바 없기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Type II membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is characterized by thickening of the glomerular basement membrane owing to electron-dense deposits on electron microscopy. We experienced a case of type II MPGN in a child presenting with proteinuria, hematuria on school urinary screening tests. He had been treated with losartan and enalapril. This is the first case report of type II MPGN detected by school urinary screening tests in Korea. Thus we report a case of 10-years-old male with type II MPGN with a review of brief literature.

농업용 저수지의 유효수심과 수질관리방안

김형중,김호일,Kim, Hyung-Joong,Kim, Ho-Il 한국관개배수위원회 2010 한국관개배수논문집 Vol.17 No.2

Water quality data for 10 years (2000~2009) from about 826 reservoirs that are operated as a agricultural water quality survey network were analyzed in order to seek water quality management plan based on physical and chemical characteristics of agricultural reservoirs. The 95% reservoirs that exceed agricultural water quality standard of Chl-a (35mg/ $m^3$) had effective water depth shallower than 5m. The reason was that the reservoirs had more inflows of nutrient salts from the watershed, bigger surface water area of weak structure to algae occurrence. As the reservoirs of effective water depth shallower than 5m cover 49% of benefited area for irrigation, it is critical for agricultural water quality management of the reservoirs. The water quality of reservoir with shallower than 5m effective water depth was worse than reservoir with deeper than 5m effective water depth. Therefore, it is desirable that effective water depth of reservoirs make more than 5m for water quality management by building the bank higher and dredging the bottom of reservoirs.

침강지의 비점오염물질 저감 특성

김형중 ( Hyung Joong Kim ),김동환 ( Dong Hwan Kim ),최선화 ( Sun Hwa Choi ),엄한용 ( Han Yong Um ) 한국농공학회 2013 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2013 No.-

농업용수 수질개선시설로 도입되고 있는 침강지의 비점오염물질 저감특성을 분석하기 위하여 감돈저수지 유입부에 조성된 침강지를 대상으로 2011년부터 2012년 사이에 15회 조사를 실시하였다. 침강지의 처리용량은 93천 ㎥, 체류시간은 1시간, 유입수의 수온은 10.6 ℃~25.4 ℃, pH는 6.8~8.7, EC는 67 ㎲/㎝~310 ㎲/㎝이었다. DO는 유입수가 3.4 mg/L~11.7 mg/L, 평균 8.2 mg/L였는데, 유출수는 1.2 mg/L~11.6 mg/L, 평균 8.9 mg/L로써 대부분 호소의 농업용수수질기준인 2.0 mg/L 이상을 만족하였다. SS는 유입수가 1.2 mg/L~96.8 mg/L로써 평균 18.6 mg/L였는데, 유출수는 2.0 mg/L~ 63.0 mg/L, 평균 14.3 mg/L로써 유입수보다 유출수가 낮은 경향을 보였다. 부하량을 이용하여 SS의 정화효율을 산정한 결과 평균적으로 82.7 kg/d가 유입되고 23.8 kg/d가 유출되어 58.9 kg/d가 제거되어 71.3 %의 정화효율을 보였다. BOD는 유입수가 0.1 mg/L~16.1 mg/L, 평균 4.8 mg/L였는데, 유출수는 0.8 mg/L~10.2 mg/L, 평균 5.8 mg/L로써 유출수에서 다소 높아졌다. 유입수 자체가 평균 4.8 mg/L로써 하천의 농업용수 수질기준인 8.0 mg/L보다 크게 낮고, 침강지에서 내부생산에 의해 조류 등이 생성되어 유출수에서 BOD가 높아질 수 있는 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 BOD 부하량을 살펴보면 평균적으로 17.3 kg/d가 유입되고 14.4 kg/d가 유출되어 2.9 kg/d가 제거됨으로써 16.9 %의 정화효율을 보였다. COD도 유입수가 2.4 mg/L~24.8 mg/L, 평균 9.0 mg/L이었는데, 유출수는 5.2 mg/L~33.6 mg/L, 평균 10.6 mg/L로 오히려 높아지는 경향을 보인 반면, 부하량은 평균 30.5 kg/d가 유입되고 18.5 kg/d가 유출되어 12.0 kg/d가 제거됨으로서 39.2 %의 정화효율을 보였다. T-N의 경우 유입수는 0.12 mg/L~9.12 mg/L, 평균 6.44 mg/L였는데, 유출수는 0.08 mg/L~4.48 mg/L, 평균 2.27 mg/L로 낮아졌다. T-N 부하량은 평균적으로 14.7 kg/d가 유입되고 5.7 kg/d가 유출되어 9.0 kg/d가 제거됨으로써 61.2%의 정화효율을 보였다. T-P의 경우는 유입수가 0.09 mg/L~2.80 mg/L, 평균 0.57 mg/L였는데, 유출수는 0.03 mg/L~51.80 mg/L, 평균 3.57 mg/L로 높아졌다. T-P 부하량은 1.6 kg/d가 유입되고 0.3 kg/d가 유출되어 1.3 kg/d가 제거됨으로써 80.6 %의 높은 정화효율을 보였다. 이는 침강지로 질소, 인 등이 유입되면 이것을 영양물질로 흡수하여 조류가 증식하기 때문에 물속의 질소, 인 성분이 줄어들기 때문이다. Chl-a의 경우 유입수의 농도가 1.0 mg/㎥~42.0 mg/㎥, 평균 12.1 mg/㎥이었는데, 유출수는 2.6 mg/㎥~137.1 mg/ ㎥, 평균 37.2 mg/㎥으로 높아졌고, 부하량도 유출수에서 높아졌다. 이와 같이 침강지를 통과하면서 Chl-a농도가 높아진 것은 햇빛이 수면으로 잘 들어오고, 퇴적물에서 영양물질이 용출되며, 유입수를 통하여 질소와 인과 같은 영양염류가 지속적으로 유입되어 조류가 왕성하게 번식하기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 반면 조류가 질소, 인을 흡수하기 때문에 저수지 본체에 들어가는 질소, 인을 저감하므로 저수지 본체에서의 조류발생은 줄일 수 있다. 다만, 침강지에 조류가 많이 발생하여 악취 등의 문제가 발생할 수 있으므로, 조류의 과다 발생을 방지할 수 있도록 오염퇴적물을 준설하거나, 햇빛을 차단하고 수질을 개선할 수 있는 적정 규모의 인공식물섬 설치, 폭기분수 등의 방안을 모색할 필요가 있다.