성장 중인 흰쥐 악관절의 basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) 분포에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

김종하,이상철,Kim, Jong-Ha,Lee, Sang-Chull 대한구강악안면외과학회 2001 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.27 No.1

This study was designed to localize the distribution of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) in the developing rat condylar region and to elucidate the associated function of bFGF in the condyle development. The condyles of temporomandibular joint of Sprague-Dawley rats (27g of weight) were used. The tissues were examined with electron microscope and immunohistochemical method. The results were as follows: 1. The developing condylar region are divided in to 5 zones apparently: proliferative, maturation, hypertrophic, calcifying, and ossification zones. 2. The cells in the proliferative zone are condensed and have under-developed cell organells in the cytoplasm. This zone shows a strong immunoreactivity of bFGF. 3. The cells in the maturation zone are typical chondroblasts showing well-developed cell organells and round nucleus. The cartilaginous matrix does not show the immunoreactivity of bFGF, while the chondroblasts show the immunoreactivity. 4. The cells in the hypertrophic zone show hypertrophic change having the degenerated cell organelles and small nucleus. There are no immunoreactivity of bFGF in this zone except the nucleus and endoplasmic region showing mild immunoreactivity. 5, The cells in the calcifying zone show hypertrophic change and cell organelles are disappeared. The cells are surrounded by the calcified cartilaginous matrix. There are no immunoreactivity of bFGF in this zone except the endoplasmic region showing mild immunoreactivity. 6. In the zone of bone formation, chondroblasts are disappeared. Newly differentiated osteoblasts secreting osteoid around the calcified cartilaginous matrix. The bone marrow shows the immunoreactivity of bFGF, while the bone matrix does not show the immunoreactivity of bFGF.

합리적 국방획득체계 구축을 위한 방안

김종하,Kim, Jong-Ha 한국국방경영분석학회 2009 한국국방경영분석학회지 Vol.35 No.2

This paper examines several inefficient problems generated from a management process of defense acquisition system, and suggests several alternatives to remedy the current acquisition-related problems. This might help MND to reform the current DAPA's acquisition system. The offered elements are to, first, redefine function of mid-term plan & budget allocation between MND and DAPA, second, devise economic acquisition management and force development to build integrated management system of requirement-acquisition-operation & maintenance, third, build Workforce Management Act(WMA) and Professional Education System(PES) for strengthening expertise and institutionalizing manpower rotation of requirements & acquisition-related fields, fourth, implement weapon systems' Total Life Cycle Systems Management(TLCSM) and improve developmental & operational test and evaluation. These are essential elements in minimizing confusion & conflict emanating from surrounding acquisition program among MND-DAPA-Each Services. 본 논문은 방위사업청 개칭이후 국방획득체계 운영과정에서 드러난 몇 가지 비효율적인 문제점을 분석하고, 이를 개선하는데 필요한 방안을 모색하는데 있다. 이것은 앞으로 국방부가 획득체계를 개선할 시 참고자료로 활용하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다. 제시된 방안들은 첫째, 국방부와 방위사업청간 중기계획 및 예산편성에 관한 기능을 재정립해야 한다. 둘째,소요-획득-운영유지의 통합관리체계 구축을 통해 경제적 획득관리 및 전력발전을 도모해야 한다. 셋째, 소요-획득분야 인력순환(순환근무)을 제도화하고, 획득인력의 전문성 강화를 위해 인력관리법 및 전문교육체계를 구축해야 한다. 그리고 넷째, 무기체계 '총수명주기체계관리'를 시행하고, 방위사업청 주도의 개발 및 운용시험평가 방식을 개선해야 한다. 이것은 국방부-방위사업청-각 군 간 획득사업을 둘러싸고 파생되는 업무혼선과 갈등을 최소화하는데 있어 필수적인 요소들이다.

연구논문 : Cu 첨가 극저탄소강의 시효경화 및 집합조직 발달 거동

김종하,이후철 ( Jong Ha Kim,Hu Chul Lee ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 1991 재료.물성 심포지엄 Vol.- No.-

IPA 매트릭스를 활용한 모바일 쇼핑몰 선택속성에 관한 연구

김종하,김경희,Kim, Jong-ha,Kim, Kyung-hee 한국정보통신학회 2016 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.20 No.12

본 연구는 최근 급성장하고 있는 모바일 쇼핑시장에서 향후 전략적 마케팅시사점을 얻고자 대학생들을 대상으로 IPA매트릭스를 활용하여 분석하였다. 모바일 쇼핑몰 선택속성에 대한 IPA분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 21개 속성 중 '제공되는 제품의 신뢰성(6.09)'이 중요도가 가장 높게 나타났으며, '대금결제의 편리성(5.29)'이 수행도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 유지 강화가 필요한 영역(Doing great, Keep it up)에는 '대금결제의 편리성', '제공되는 제품의 신뢰성' 등 11개 속성 등이 포함되었다. 셋째, 불만족 영역(Focus here)으로서 시정노력이 필요한 속성으로는 '교환이나 반품처리 및 A/S 등을 위한 대기시간 단축'이 해당되었다. 넷째, 중요도와 수행도 모두 낮은 영역(Low Priority)에는 '푸시/알림이 구매에 도움' 등 3개 속성이 해당되었다. 다섯째, 과잉노력지양 영역(Overdone)에는 '제품종류가 다양' 등 4개 속성이 해당되었다. This study conducted an analysis using IPA metrics targeting college students to get strategic implications for marketing in the recently fast-growing mobile shopping market. The IPA analysis result about the selection of mobile shopping malls is as follows. First, out of the 21 features, 'reliability of the offered products(6.09)' had the highest level of importance and 'convenience of payment(5.29)' had the highest level of performance. Second, in the area of 'Doing great, Keep it up' 11 features were included such as 'convenience of payment' and 'reliability of the offered products'. Third, the feature that needed to be corrected in the area of 'Focus here' was 'shortening the waiting time for exchange, refund or warranty service'. Fourth, low priority areas in terms of importance and performance, there were 3 features including 'push/notification helps purchases'. Fifth, to the area of 'overdone' 4 features belonged such as 'variety in the type of products'.

공간정보 탐색 방향과 집중정도 분석 알고리즘에 관한 연구

김종하(Kim, Jong-Ha) 한국실내디자인학회 2016 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.25 No.4

The analysis of spatial search direction and its concentration through eye movement can produce some useful data in that it enables to know the features of space elements and their effects on one another. The results by analysing the search features and concentration of spatial sections through the eye-tracking in shops in a department store makes it possible to define the followings. First, the features of ‘eye’s in & out’ could be estimated through the division of sections by the characteristics of those shops and the extraction of central point based on the decision of continuative observation. The decision of continuative observations enabled to analyse the frequency of observation data which can be considered to be ‘things watched longtime’ and the stared points that is equivalent to ‘things seen very often’, by which the searching characteristics of spatial sections could be estimated. Second, as with the eye’s [in], the right shops had 0.6 times more (3.5%) than those left and as with the eye’s [out] the left ones had 0.6 times more (3.5%). It indicates that [in, out] of the right and the left shops had the same difference, which lets us know that with starting point of the middle space, [in] and [out] were paid more attention to the right shops and the left shops respectively. Third, as with the searching directions by section, the searching times [2.9 times] from [B] to [A] were than that [2.6 times] from [A] to [B]. It was also found that the left shops had more searching direction toward [C, D] than the right ones and that those searching activities at the left shops were more active. Fourth, when the searching directions by section are reviewed, the frequency of searching from [B] to [A] was 2.9 and that of the other way 2.6. Also the left shops were found to have more searching direction toward [C, D] than the right ones and those searching activities at the left shops were estimated to be more active.

북한의 대남 회색지대 전략: 개념, 수단 그리고 전망

김종하 ( Kim Jong-Ha ),김남철 ( Kim Nam-Chul ),최영찬 ( Choi Young-Chan ) 미래군사학회 2021 한국군사학논총 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to analyze ‘Ways’ and ‘Means’ of North Korea’s Gray Zone strategy and to predict the way North Korea does its Gray Zone strategy against South Korea in the future, and to draw up its implications. The necessity of this study can be said to be significant because there are few academic research on North Korea’s Gray Zone strategy against South Korea. Until now, North Korea has been carried out a Gray Zone strategy against South Korea, using the following Means: First, militarily, North Korea is threatening to escalate its provocations against South Korea, imposing coercion by using the boundaries between politics and military, and launching a pre-declared type’s Gray Zone provocations. Second, diplomatically, North Korea is trying to circumvent skillfully the red-line of international sanctions, and create a vicious circle of negotiation and provocation. Third, informationally, North Korea is making provocations that actively utilize the psychology of the Korean people who fear a full-scale war, and conducting cyber provocations and indiscriminated media campaigns. Fourth, economically, North Korea is benefitting from the Gray Zone strategy that repeats cooperation and crisis situations by actively utilizing South Korea policy toward North Korea and inter-economic cooperation, which provides a good political environment to carry out the Gray Zone strategy. North Korea is expected to utilize a Gray Zone strategy through the combination of Military and Diplomatic means (M+D), or the combination of various means in the future. Provocation against Sea Lines of Communications, provocative acts using Islamic militants and ethnic Koreans, and provocative acts using the shadow effects of nuclear weapons, etc., are good cases in point. The implications of this prospect are that: it is necessary for South Korea to rally ‘national will’ to strongly respond to North Korea’s provocations and set up a clear ‘red line.’ Furthermore, it needs to consider corresponding measures to cut off North Korea’s learning effects.

복합적 군사위협에 대응하기 위한 군사력 건설의 방향

김종하 ( Jong Ha Kim ),김재엽 ( Jae Yeop Kim ) 국방대학교 안보문제연구소 2010 국방연구 Vol.53 No.2

냉전 이후 세계 무력분쟁의 주요 원인은 ``국가 대 국가의 재래식 정규전``에서 ``실패국가 및 주변지역의 분쟁 악화``와 이에 따른 ``강대국의 군사적 개입``으로 바뀌고 있다. 특히 군사적 약자라고 할 수 있는 중소국가 및 소규모의 무장단체들은 강대국의 군사적 우위를 상쇄시키기 위한 비전통·비대칭적인 전략 및 전술, 군사적 수단을 추구하고 있다. 그 결과 오늘날에는 전통적인 정규전의 수행을 위한 재래식군사력뿐만 아니라, 다양한 형태의 전투방식과 무기들이 혼재되는 복합적인 군사위협이 현실화되는 추세다. 이는 자연스럽게 미래의 전쟁 양상과 군사전략, 그리고 이를 뒷받침하기 위한 군사력 건설의 구체적인 내용과 우선순위에 대한 논쟁으로 연결되고 있다. 이들 논쟁은 전통주의, 비전통주의, 혼합주의, 그리고 분업주의 등 4개로 나뉜다. 한국 역시 북한의 군사위협이 기존의 전면전쟁 가능성뿐만 아니라 천안함 침몰사건과 같은 국지적인 침투 및 도발, 대량살상무기, 비정규전 등으로 다양화되고 있는 한편으로, 주변 강대국의 첨단 재래식군사력과 외부 불특정 위협에도 대비해야 하는 상황이다. 이에 따라 한국은 다변화되고 있는 군사위협에 대한 대응 능력의 발전, 강화를 위하여 각 군종별로, 혹은 군종 내에서 위협의 성격에 따라 특화된 군사력을 확보, 육성하는 ``분업주의``에 입각한 군사력 건설을 추진 및 실행해야 할 것이다. After the Cold War, main reason of international conflicts has changed from ``regular warfare between sovereign states`` to ``instability in the so-called failed states`` and ``military intervention of major powers to disputed regions``. Especially, small states and insurgency groups are pursuing untraditional and asymmetric tactics and weapons to neutralize major powers` military superiority. As a result, the concept of ``hybrid military threat``, which includes diverse tactics and weapons as well as conventional military forces for regular warfare, is coming to realize nowadays. This phenomenon leads to debates on future of war, military strategy, and perspective on military build-up to cope with more diverse military threats. These perspectives can be categorized as 1) Traditional Vision, 2) Untraditional Vision, 3) Complex Vision, and 4) Division of labor Vision. Korea is also facing hybrid military threat. Firstly, threat from North Korea is becoming more and more diversified to irregular warfare, local infiltration & provocation such as ``Cheon An`` incident, and Weapons of Mass Destruction, not only massive conventional forces for full-scale invasion. And secondly, Korea can no longer neglect military threats from neighboring major powers` naval and aerospace build-up, and uncertain powers such as terrorist group. Therefore, in order to cope with hybrid military threat more effectively, Korea needs to pursue a military build-up based on the ``Division of labor Vision``, which develops specialized military capabilities according to diverse threats within each armed branches.

미디어 파사드 영상 자극에 대한 뇌파 반응 특성

김종하(Kim, Jong-Ha),김상희(Kim, Sang-Hee),이정호(Lee, Jeong-Ho),김주연(Kim, Ju-Yeon) 대한건축학회 2014 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.30 No.9

This study attempts to analyze characteristics of human EEG response to image stimulus to two media facade cases, the Galleria Department Store and the Seoul Square in Seoul, which have different expression methods of its contents. For this study, authors used the EEG(Electroencephalogram) measurement method and the study results are as follows. First, the image stimulus of the Galleria Department Store and the Seoul Square highly revitalized the theta band, compared to other bands, and other bands showed differences in the mean value of EEG as well. Second, our analysis of the activity of each brain part of the EEG band showed that each band and brain part showed differences to image stimulus. Furthermore, F4(t=2.558, p<0.5) channel in the frontal lobe of the alpha band, F4(t=-2.373, p<0.5) channel in the frontal lobe of the beta band and F3(t=-2.257, p<0.5) channel in the frontal lobe of the gamma band showed statistically significant differences, and all of them showed differences in the frontal lobe. Third, our analysis revealed that there was a significant correlation(significance level: p<0.05) between the parts of the EEG band influenced by image stimulus. In addition, 45 brain parts showed a high synchronicity of image stimulus to the Galleria Department Store and 50 brain parts showed a high synchronicity of image stimulus to the Seoul Square. Based on this result, authors conclude that more brain parts were used to process information of image stimulus for the Seoul Square. Lastly, our analysis of the EEG band activity between male and female groups influenced by image stimulus showed that the mean value of EEG is different in all the bands.

시각적 주의집중에 나타난 백화점 로비공간의 주시특성

김종하 ( Jong Ha Kim ) 한국기초조형학회 2015 기초조형학연구 Vol.16 No.3

본 연구는 백화점 로비공간에 대한 시선추적실험을 통해 시각정보획득과정에 나타난 시각적 주시특성을 분석하기 위해 주시빈도와 기억의 관련성 분석을 통해 기억과 의식적 주시에 나타난 시각적 특성을 분석하였다. 이상의 연구를 통해 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이미지별 유효율이 S1은 94.9%, L4는 95.9%로 큰 차이가 없었다. 연속주시 6회에 나타난 유효율을 보면 S1은 26.6%, L4는 34.4%로 L4에 대한 유효율이 매우 높았다. 피험자가 L4이미지를 보다 집중해서 많이 주시했다는 것을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 전체 구역에 대한 분포를 분석하기 위해 구역별 분포가 다른 최초 획득 데이터와 연속주시 6회를 서로 비슷한 비율분포를 가지게 하였다. 피험자의 구역별 주시시간의 분포를 기준으로 5개 구역으로 나누는 것이 가능했으며, 주시구역별 집중특성을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 주시실험 후에 피험자가 가장 많이 봤다고 기억하는 곳으로 S1 이미지에서는 Jh(5회)/Fd(4회), L4 이미지에서는 Ch(7회)가 높았다. 백화점 매장의 디스플레이 특성에 따라 가장 많이 주시했다고 기억하는 영역이 다르게 나타난 것을 확인할 수 있다. 넷째, S1 이미지의 기억설문에서는 Jh·Fd구역을 가장 많이 선택하고 있으나, 주시실험의 [일반적 주시구역]에서는 Fd구역은 주의집중을 한 것으로 나타났으나, Jh구역에서 주시 우위는 없었다. 반면에 연속6회로 분석한 [선택적 주시구역]에서는 전혀 주시가 이루어지지 않았다. This study has analyzed the observation features of consumers with the objects of lobby-spaces in department stores to find out the features of attention examined at gaze tracking. The study results are summarized as the following. First, five seconds was set up as the time range for analyzing the attention to summarize the frequency nature by space section. Adopting the Method for Feature Analysis of observation intensity with the area of each section taken into account was the ground for deciding the standard for estimating the observation features. Second, the observation intensity was applied to the analysis of observation features with the classification of the areas into dominant area, medium area and ignored area based on the definitions of observation intensity. The finding that the shops on the right side had 1.7 times as much observation intensity as those on the left and the middle indicates that there was more intense observation at the shops on the right side, which showed there was an intensive observation toward the shops on the right side. Third, the characteristics of dominant and ignored areas, which were revealed as the features of observation intensity should be analyzed simultaneously not cannot be estimated individually, when the time range for paying attention to or ignoring a certain area is about 15-20seconds. Fourth, the observation time could be classified into 2 domains, when by setting up the 40 seconds of the first observation as a boundary, the observation features were found to be greatly different. That is, for 40 seconds from the start of observation the left side was observed more intensely even though the right was being observed, but after the 40 seconds the right and middle were observed intensively while the left was ignored.

디자인유형의 차이가 공간의 주시정도에 끼친 영향에 관한 연구

김종하 ( Jong Ha Kim ) 한국기초조형학회 2013 기초조형학연구 Vol.14 No.4

본 연구는 사용자의 시각적 프로세스에 대한 분석을 통해 시선추적 과정을 이해하고 인간 의 정보처리 모델을 기반으로 디자인유형의 차이가 시지 각의 주시 정도에 끼친 영향을 분석 하였다. 디자인유형의 차이는 관찰자의 주시 정도에 영향을 끼치게 되는데, 디자인유형이 가 지고 있는 공간특성의 메커니즘을 규명하기 위해서는 시지각적 주시 특성을 분석하는 것이 필요하다. 연구결과로, 첫째, 연속3회는 주시 빈도는 내추럴이 높았으나 6 9회는 모던이 높 게 나타났다. 연속3회의 「주의 집중」특성을 보면, 구역에 대한 주시 빈도는 내추럴이 높았으나 주시 횟수는 모던이 높았다. 즉 내추럴유형을 주시하는 경우가 보다 많은 공간탐색과 방황을 한 것으로 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 빈도와 시간을 분석한 결과 6개 등급 중에서 「보통 주시」를 한 Ⅲ등급의 빈도가 가장 높았지만, 시간 분석에서는 「강한 주시」를 한 Ⅱ등급 의 집중이 높은 것으로부터, 빈도와 시간의 주시 특성을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 내추럴과 모던 의 빈도와 시간특성에 대한 등급별 특성에 유사성이 나타난 것으로부터 각 등급별 주시 특성은 디자인의 유형과는 무관한 것을 알 수 있으며, 디자인유형의 차이를 분석하기 위해서 는 등급에 나타난 빈도와 시간이 중요하다. 넷째, 공간에 대한 「매우 강한 주시」가 일어 난 디자인유형을 살펴본 결과, 「주의 집중」은 모던에서 강하게 일어났지만, 공간을 「의식적으로 주시」하는 경우에는 내추럴이 높게 나타났다. 한편 공간에 대한 「시각적 이 해」를 얻기 위한 주시에서는 빈도는 모던과 내추럴이 동일했지만, 시간으로는 내추럴에서 보다 많은 시간을 할애한 것에서부터 공간에 대한 주시 정도에 따라 디자인유형의 차이에 따라 공간정보를 받아들이는 특성을 주시 정도의 특성으로부터 파악할 수 있었다. This study has analyzed the effect of the difference by design type on observation degree of visual perception based on the model of human data-processing after figuring out the course of eye-tracking by the analysis of users` visual process. The difference by design type has an effect on the degree of observers` observation and it is necessary to analyze the observation attributes of visual perception in order to determine the mechanism of spatial qualities depending on design type. For the measurement of visual attention, this study utilized eye-tracking to analyze the observation degree shown at the difference by design type. First, at consecutive three times, the observation degree was considerably natural while at 6 9 times the type was very modern. With the features of attention of consecutive three times examined, the area-observing frequency had a lot of“natural” types while the observance number had highly “modern” ones. In other words, the high frequency and low number of natural types made the subjects have spatial search and wandering when they observed the natural types. Second, the analysis of time and frequency resulted in the highest frequency of Grade III of “Normal Observation” out of 6 grades, while that of time the highest concentration of Grade II of “Strong Observation”, which showed the observation attributes of frequency and time. Third, the examination of design types which had very strong spatial observation showed that the attention was very strong at the modern types while the conscious observation of space was very much at the natural ones. On the other hand, at the observation for visual appreciation of space, the frequencies were the same at modern and natural types but the time spent on natural ones was more. Like this, the attributes of observation degree helped to find out that the quality of gaining spatial information depends on the difference by design type and spatial observation degree he spatial observation degree.