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- 저자 : 김용덕(Yong Duk Kim) (검색결과 93 건)
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쥐의 간 Cytosolic aldehyde Reductase 의 정제 및 특성에 관한 연구
김용덕,주충노 ( Yong Duk Kim,Chung No Joo ) 생화학분자생물학회 1993 BMB Reports Vol.26 No.6
Aldehyde reductase (ALR) isozymes of rat liver cytosol fraction were separated and the ALR having high K_m (101 μM) for p-nitrobenzaldehyde was purified by the methods of ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography and Blue-Sepharose CL-6B affinity chromatography. The ALR having low K_m (29 μM) for p-nitrobenzaldehyde was only partially purified because of its instability and low activity. The molecular weight of high K_m ALR was determined to be 44,000 dalton by Superose gel filtration in FPLC system. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that it was monomer having molecular weight of 42,000 dalton. The optimal pH of high K_m ALR was 6.5 and that of low K_m ALR was 5.5. The isoelecric point of high K_m ALR was 6.2. The above two isozymes were very stable at 37℃, but their activities decreased rapidly as the temperature increased to 54℃. The good substrate of the above two isozymes was found to be p-nitrobenzaldehyde, but their substrate specificity was very different from each other. For low K_m ALR, both NADH and NADPH were used as an coenzyme but high K_m ALR used only NADPH as a coenzyme. It was also realized that Cu^(2+) inhibited high K_m ALR activity but stimulated low K_m ALR activity. Barbital was shown to act as noncompetitive inhibitor of high K_m ALR and its K_i was 35 μM. Indole-3-acetate was shown to act as uncompetitive inhibitor of high K_m ALR and its K_i was 496 μM.
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쥐의 간 Cytosolic Aldehyde Reductase의 정제 및 특성에 관한 연구
김용덕,주충노,Kim, Yong-Duk,Joo, Chung-No 생화학분자생물학회 1993 한국생화학회지 Vol.26 No.6
쥐의 간 시토졸 분획에서 두 가지 aldehyde reductase [ALR: EC 1.1.1.2J를 분리하였는데, 그 중 p-nitrobenzaldehyde에 대한 $K_m$값이 높은것(high $K_m$, ALR)은 황산암모늄 분별침전, DEAE-Sephacel, hydroxyapatite, blue sepharose CL-6B chromatography 방법을 이용하여 분리 정제하였고, $K_m$값이 낮은것(low $K_m$ ALR)은 활성이 적고 불안정하여 부분 정제하여 특성을 조사하였다. High $K_m$ ALR은 SDS-PAGE상에서 42,000 dalton의 단일띠로 나타났으며 superose 12 column을 이용한 FPLC gel filtration을 수행한 결과 분자량이 44,000 dalton의 monomer임이 확인되었다. High $K_m$, ALR의 최적 pH는 6.5, pI는 6.2이었고 low $K_m$ ALR의 최적 pH는 5.5이었다. 두 ALR 모두 $37^{\circ}C$ 에서 안정하였으나 $54^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 활성이 급격히 저하되었다. High $K_m$, ALR. low $K_m$ ALR은 모두 p-nitrobenzaldehyde에 대해 좋은 반응성을 가쳤고 특히 high $K_m$ ALR은 succinic semialdehyde에 대해 높은 반응성을 나타낸 것이 특색이다. 그러나 high $K_m$ ALR과 low $K_m$, ALR의 기질 특이성에는 상당한 차이가 있었다. High $K_m$, ALR은 보조효소로 NADPH만을 이용하지만 low $K_m$, ALR은 NADH, NADPH를 모두 보조효소로 이용한다. 두 효소는 $Mg^{2+}$, $Li^+$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$에 의한 영향을 받지 않았으나, high $K_m$, ALR은 $Cu^{2+}$에 의해 활성이 억제되었는데, low $K_m$, ALR은 반대로 $Cu^{2+}$에 의해 활성이 촉진되었다. Barbital은 high $K_m$, ALR에 대해 비경쟁적 억제작용을 나타내고 $K_i$값은 $35{\mu}M$이였으며, indole-3-acetate에 의해서는 반경쟁적인 억제현상을 나타내고 $K_i$값은 $496{\mu}M$이었다. Aldehyde reductase (ALR) isozymes of rat liver cytosol fraction were separated and the ALR having high $K_m$ $(101{\mu}M)$ for p-nitrobenzaldehyde was purified by the methods of ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography and Blue-Sepharose CL-6B affinity chromatography. The ALR having low $K_m$ $(29{\mu}M)$ for p-nitrobenzaldehyde was only partially purified because of its instability and low activity. The molecular weight of high $K_m$ ALR was determined to be 44,000 dalton by Superose gel filtration in FPLC system. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that it was monomer having molecular weight of 42,000 dalton. The optimal pH of high $K_m$ ALR was 6.5 and that of low $K_m$ ALR was 5.5. The isoelecric point of high $K_m$ ALR was 6.2. The above two isozymes were very stable at $37^{\circ}C$, but their activities decreased rapidly as the temperature increased to $54^{\circ}C$. The good substrate of the above two isozymes was found to be p-nitrobenzaldehyde, but their substrate specificity was very different from each other. For low $K_m$ ALR, both NADH and NADPH were used as an coenzyme but high $K_m$ ALR used only NADPH as a coenzyme. It was also realized that $Cu^{2+}$ inhibited high $K_m$ ALR activity but stimulated low $K_m$ ALR activity. Barbital was shown to act as noncompetitive inhibitor of high $K_m$ ALR and its $K_i$ was $35{\mu}M$. Indole-3-acetate was shown to act as uncompetitive inhibitor of high $K_m$ ALR and its $K_i$ was $496{\mu}M$.
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재중 한국 투자기업의 경영성과 결정요인에 관한 실증적 연구
김용덕 ( Yong Duk Kim ),함정오 ( Jeong Oh Ham ) 한국국제통상학회 2015 국제통상연구 Vol.20 No.4
한국기업의 해외직접투자는 1990년대 이후 중국으로 집중되는 양상을 보이면서 매년 폭발적인 증가세를 거듭해오고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 최근 중국 내 경영환경 급변으로 인한 새로운 환경 하에서 재중 한국 투자기업들의 경영성과 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 실증적으로 확인하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 논문의 연구모형은 국내외 이론 및 실증연구 결과를 기초로 설계하여 독립변수를 기업특성, 지역특성, 학습효과, 경영(R&D)현지화 수준, 시장전략(시장 확대전략 또는 현상유지전략) 등 5가지로 구성했고 중국진출 당시의 전략동기(현지시장개척 또는 원가절감)측면을 조절변수로 고려했다. 본 연구는 한국기업의 투자가 활성화되어 있고 KOTRA 중국지역 무역관들이 주재해있는 지역 및 업무 관할지역 소재 2,583개 기업을 표본으로 선정하였다. 실증분석 결과 다음과 같은 사항이 확인되었다. 첫째, 재중 한국 투자기업은 기업의 특성에 따라 경영성과에 차이가 발생하며 대기업일수록, 대도시 소재 기업일수록,조기 진출한 기업일수록 경영성과가 크다는 사실을 확인했다. 둘째, 중국 현지에 연구개발(R&D) 기능을 보유할 경우 경영현지화 수준이 높아져 경영성과를 제고하는 것으로 나타났다. 또 현지에 본사와 동일한 공정의 생산체제를 보유한 경우보다 본사와는 별도 공정의 생산체제를 보유한 기업군에서 현지 연구개발 기능의 경영성과 제고 기여도가 보다 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 시장전략으로서 시장 확대전략을 추진하는 기업들이 시장유지 전략을 추진하는 기업들에 비하여 경영성과가 유의적으로 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 시장진출 당시의 동기에 따라 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 시장확대전략 구사 기업의 경우, 진출당시 ‘현지시장개척 동기 기업’의 경영성과가 ‘원가절감동기 기업 의 경영성과보다 큰 것으로’ 나타났다. The purpose of this research is to empirically identify the factors that affect the business performances of Korean FDI companies under China``s new environment. In this study, five factors are set as independent variables such as corporation type, regional characteristics, learning effect, level of localization(R&D) and market strategy(market expansion or operation maintenance) while strategic motive is considered as a moderating variable. From the empirical analysis using 2,583 companies actively operating in China as samples, corporations with larger sizes, earlier entrance, and R&D functions, in bigger cities and pursuing market expansion were found to show better business performance. Lastly, a corporation``s motive for entering the new market influenced business performance.
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김용덕(Kim, Yong-Duk) 비교민속학회 2013 비교민속학 Vol.0 No.51
The purpose of this paper is to classify the types of narrative paintings that show narrative contents among mural paintings of Buddhist temples and to interpret meanings of the narrative paintings. The functions of the narrative paintings can be classified into the following three functions if classified in broad scope: worshiping, religious reformation, and grandeur. Narrative paintings drawn on outer walls of a Buddhist sanctuary have the function of religious reformation and decoration; rather than the subjects of worshiping, they also have the function of explanatory purpose to help people to easily understand the doctrine of Buddhism as well as the function of dancheong (traditional multicolored paintwork on wooden buildings) for the purpose of decoration. Buddha and Bodhisattvas were illustrated in simpler way in the mural paintings of old, historic temples, and the narrative paintings of the temples that were built in relatively later periods were drawn in folk painting styles. The narrative paintings can be classified in accordance with subject matters, themes, and characters. A narrative painting basically has a story that must have a main character in the development of the story. Thus if the narrative paintings are classified by main characters of stories, they can be classified into the four different types: Gautama Siddhartha Paintings; Bodhisattva Deities Paintings; Virtuous Monk Great Virtue Paintings; Characters of Old Folk Tale Paintings. The contents of the narrative paintings are not limited to the subjects of Buddhism but borrowed ordinary people-friendly as they were expanded to characters of old folk tales and include narratives for ordinary folks. The viewpoints that interpret narrative paintings can be approached by religious sacredness and secular folklore. With the purpose of illustrating religious piety and the doctrine of Buddhism, narrative paintings were drawn to reflect folksy closeness for devotees’ level and circumstances of the era during which a particular narrative painting was drawn. We can read symbolic meaning in which sacredness and secularity. Mural paintings drawn inside a sanctuary illustrate stories related to Buddhist Bodhisattvas that symbolize core Buddha for the purpose of worshiping. Murals drawn at the outside of a sanctuary have the purpose of decoration and religious reformation. We can read the symbol that aims for the world of fusion by contrasting sacredness and secularity in such contrast and harmony.
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