마취법 차이에 따른 백내장 수술 후 눈꺼풀처짐의 발생 비교

김영국,문지영,김성진.Young Kook Kim. MD. Ji Young Moon. MD. Sung Jin Kim. MD 대한안과학회 2012 대한안과학회지 Vol.53 No.9

Purpose: The authors of the present study conducted a comparative analysis of procaine hydrochloride topical anesthesia and Nadbath-Rehman-Ellis akinesia to observe orbicularis oculi stress against the eyelid speculum and occurrence of postoperative ptosis. Methods: In 40 eyes of 20 patients, 1 eye underwent a cataract operation by topical anesthesia and the other eye underwent Nadbath-Rehman-Ellis akinesiaDepending on the anesthetic method, the 2 groups were evaluated to determine the difference in marginal reflex distance and levator function after the surgery. Results: There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the mean preoperative MRD1 which was 2.5 ± 0.4 mm and levator function which was 9.0 ± 1.1 mm. After 1 week and 4 weeks, the mean MRD1 on eyes with topical anesthesia was 2.0 ± 0.3 mm and 2.3 ± 0.3 mm, respectively, and the mean MRD1 on eyes with Nadbath-Rehman-Ellis akinesia was 2.3 ± 0.2 mm and 2.4 ± 0.4 mm, respectively, which was significantly lower (p = 0.046, 0.042). The levator functions showed no significant differences. The reduction of MRD1 over 2 mm was shown only in the group with topical anesthesia which was significantly higher in comparison to the group with Nadbath-Rehman-Ellis akinesia which had none. Conclusions: In cataract surgery, Nadbath-Rehman-Ellis akinesia can reduce damage to the levator aponeurosis decreasing the occurrence of postoperative ptosis. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(9):1226-1230

불순물을 첨가한 $MgB_4O_7$ 열형광체의 물리적 특성에 관한 연구

김영국,손인호,채건식,이수대,설정식,노경석,송재흥,이상윤,도시홍,Kim, Young-Kook,Sohn, In-Ho,Chae, Kun-Sik,Lee, Su-Dae,Sul, Chung-Sik,Noh, Kyong-Suk,Song, Jae-Heung,Lee, Sang-Yun,Doh, Sih-Hong 한국재료학회 1998 한국재료학회지 Vol.8 No.2

$MgB_4O_7$ 열형광체의 활성체는 란탄계 금속인 Tb, Tm, Dy, La, Ho 및 Nd를 첨가하여 $580^{\circ}C$의 Ar 분위기에서 2시간동안 소결하여 제작하였다. 활성화에너지와 glow 곡선의 주 Peak의 세기는 peak shape법과 초기상승법의 두방법에 의해 결정했으며, 최적활성에너지는 $0.76\pm0.02eV$(Tm 첨가시), $0.94\pm0.03eV$(Tm 첨가시) 및 $0.72\pm0.02eV$(Dy 첨가시)였다. 이들 열형광체들은 저 에너지 X-선에 대해 매우 높은 감도를 나타냈으므로 방사선 센서 소자로 개발하기 위한 기초자료가 될 것으로 생각된다. $MgB_4O_7$: Tb, Tm, Dy, La, Ho and Nd phosphors have been prepared by sintering around $580^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours followed by flowing Ar gas. Activation energy and kinetic order of main peak of glow curve were studied by two methods peak shape method and initial rise method. By these methods, the estimated activation energies were $0.76\pm0.02eV$(Tb doped), $0.94\pm0.03eV$(Tm doped), $0.72\pm0.02eV$(Dy doped), respectively. The TL phosphors prepared in this work may be utilized to radiation sensor elements becaue of their high sensitivity to low energy X-ray.

Detection of Aflatoxins in Soybean Food by HPLC

김영국,노정구,Kim, Young-Kook,Roh, Jung-Koo Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 1985 한국식품과학회지 Vol.17 No.4

고속액체 크로마토 그라피에 CN컬럼과 분리용매로 핵산-테트라 하이드로퓨란-아이소프로필알콜-물을 사용하고 형광 검출기의 검출관에 리클로솔브로 채워 아플라톡신 $B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, $G_2$를 분리 정량하었다. 이 조건에서 아플라톡신 $B_1$의 최저 검출한계는 0.2ng이었다. 대량생산 대두발효 식품과 메주에서 아플라톡신함량을 조시하였고, 대두 발효식품에서 사용되는 균주의 아폴라톡신 생성능을 알아보았다. TLC에서는 아플라톡신 유사물질이 검출되었지만 HPLC에서 아플라톡신이 아닌 것으로 나타났다. 시험한 균주의 아폴라톡신의 생성능은 없었다. Aflatoxin $B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, and $G_2$were quantitatively detected by the high pressure liquid chromatography on a Micropak-CN column, with Hexane-THF-IPA-water, using a Lichrosorbpacked flowceil in the fluorometric detector. Under those conditions, the minimum detectable amount of aflatoxin $B_1$ was 0.2 ng. HPLC was used in determining amount of aflatoxins in the commercially manufactured soybean food and home-made Meju. Aflatoxin producing abilities of strains used in the industrially fermented soybean food were also studied with the HPLC technique. Although aflatoxin-like substances were detected in a few samples on TLC, they were not identified with the HPLC retention times of standard aflatoxins. The commercial fungal strains used in Korea had no aflatoxin producing abilities.

LiYSiO₄: La 열형광체의 온도에 따른 열발광 특성

김영국,Kim, Young-Kook 한국재료학회 2009 한국재료학회지 Vol.19 No.9

The thermoluminescent phosphors of LiYSi$O_4$ containing rare earth metal(La) dopants of 1 wt.%5 wt.% were prepared, and their TL characteristics have been investigated as a function of parameters such as the doping level and the heating rate. The grain size and cooling temperature of the highly sensitive LiYSi$O_4$: La phosphors have been investigated. The glow curve of LiYSi$O_4$: La has two peaks ($P_1,\;P_2$), and the peak height ratio of the two peaks is called $P_2/P_1$; here, the main peak is $P_2$. Experimental results indicate that the peak height ratios of the glow curve for LiYSi$O_4$: La are clearly correlated with the grain size and cooling temperature. The maximum $P_2/P_1$ ratio 3.25, the maximum sensitivity was observed for a grain size between 100-150 ${\mu}m$. The intensity of the TL peak of the phosphors was linearly proportion to the dose of X-rays.

기업의 감염병 예방을 위한 BCP 강화방안 연구

김영국,정경옥,양경아,Kim, Young-Kook,Jeong, Kyung-Ok,Yang, Kyung-Ah 대한안전경영과학회 2021 대한안전경영과학회지 Vol.23 No.3

As the number of confirmed cases of Covid-19 is not decreasing, it is time for domestic companies to respond preemptively and in terms of business continuity. The purpose of this study is to present measures to strengthen BCP to prevent infectious diseases in the enterprise. In this work, three methods of data investigation are used. The first was to search for keywords in academic databases such as the National Assembly Library and the Korea Research and Information Service to investigate degree papers and academic papers. Second, we investigated literature such as research reports, manuals, and guidelines on infectious diseases. Finally, the researchers visited official websites such as KDCA, MOHW, and MOIS to collect and analyze recent data. BCP In view of the Board, a new risk analysis should be made and a disaster preparedness system tailored to the characteristics of the entity should be established. We need to analyze corporate weaknesses and focus on safety culture. It is also important to look at how customers choose their services and products. Based on this, differentiated service strategies should be presented. It is hoped that the results of this study can be used as basic data for companies that want to systematically manage and operate BCP to prevent infectious diseases.

4성분계 복합 산화물 촉매 이용 메탄의 부분산화에 의한 메탄올 직접 합성

김영국,이광혁,함현식,Kim, Young-Kook,Lee, Kwang-Hyeok,Hahm, Hyun-Sik 한국응용과학기술학회 2014 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.31 No.3

Methanol was directly produced by the partial oxidation of methane with four-component mixed oxide catalysts. Four-component(Mo-Bi-Cr-Si) mixed oxide catalysts were prepared by the co-precipitation and sol-gel methods. The catalyst prepared by the sol-gel method showed about eleven times higher surface area than that prepared by the co-precipitation method. From the $O_2$-TPD experiment of the prepared catalysts, it was proven that there exists two types of oxygen species, and the oxygen species that participates in the partial oxidation reaction is the lattice oxygen desorbing around $750^{\circ}C$. The optimum reaction condition for methanol production was $420^{\circ}C$, 50 bar, flow rate of 115 mL/min, and $CH_4/O_2$ ratio of 10/1.5, providing methane conversion and methanol selectivity of 3.2 and 26.7%, respectively.

Mg₂SiO₄ 열형광체의 소결공정과 자외선 선량에 대한 TL 특성에 관한 연구

김영국,손인호,김일홍,송재흥,도시홍,강희동,Kim, Young-KooK,Shon, In-Ho,Kim, Il-Hong,Song, Jae-Heung,Doh, Sih-Hong,Kang, Hee-Dong 한국재료학회 2002 한국재료학회지 Vol.12 No.11

$Mg_2$$SiO_4$: Dy, Tb pellets were made by using a sintering process, including pressing and heat treatment. In the present study, the optimum parameters of the sintering for the $Mg_2$$SiO_4$: Dy, Tb pellets obtained such as the pressing pressure, the sintering temperature and the sintering time were in terms of thermoluminescence. Experimental results showed that the main peak of the glow curve for $Mg_2$$SiO_4$: Dy, Tb thermoluminescence dosimeter was clearly correlated with the energy of the UV and with the grain size. The intensity of the TL glow curve increased and its main peak position shifted to lower temperature with increasing UV irradiation time.

민사중개와 상사중개의 비교

김영국(Kim, Young-Kook) 韓國不動産法學會 2015 不動産法學 Vol.19 No.-

민법은 개인 간의 사적 생활 관계를 규율하는 사법의 일반법으로 모든 법률의 제·개정 및 관련 법 해석의 기준으로 중요한 검토의 대상이라 할 수 있다. 그런데 민법의 특별법인 상법에 중개계약과 관련하여 중개인에 관한 규정을 두고 있음에도 불구하고, 일반법인 민법에는 아무런 규정이 없어 법체계에 문제가 있는 것은 아닌지 논란이 있다. 한편 법률은 기본적으로 분쟁해결 기준으로 기능하는 것이므로 상법 제93조부터 제100조까지의 규정으로 관련 분쟁을 해결할 수 있다면, 반드시 일반법인 민법에 그 규정을 둘 필요성은 없지 않겠냐? 하는 반론도 제기할 수 있다. 이와 관련하여 오늘날 상사중개와 구별되는 민사중개의 유형으로 부동산중개, 결혼중개, 직업중개 등이 있으며, 각각의 유형별로 공법적 성격의 공인중개사법, 결혼중개업법, 직업안정법 등이 있다. 그러나 이러한 법률로는 사법적 분쟁을 해결하는데 한계가 있다는 지적 또한 가능하다. 특히 정보통신기술 의 발달로 인해 다양한 중개행태가 제시되고 있으며, 전통적인 민사중개의 영역에서도 널리 활용되고 있다. 앞으로 중개계약과 관련하여 법적 쟁점이 부각되고 사적 분쟁도 다양하게 전개될 것이므로 차제 에 민법의 전형계약으로 입법하는 노력이 필요해 보인다. 이에 이 논문에서는 상사중개와 구별되는 민사중개의 개념을 검토하였다. 상법상 중개인에 관한 규정과 판례를 중심으로 민사중개인의 상인성 여부, 상법의 적용 범위, 중개의 대상, 영업성, 중개의 태 양, 중개인의 의무, 중개인의 보수청구권 등을 논의하였다. 민법에 중개인 또는 중개계약에 관한 규정 을 신설하기 위해서는 상사중개와 구별되는 민사중개의 특징이 무엇인지에 대한 면밀한 검토가 선행되 어야 한다는 점에서 앞으로 후속연구가 필요하다. 상법에 중개인에 관한 규정이 있고 중개행위에 대한 당해 업종의 특별법이 있음에도 민법에 전형계약으로 규정하고자 한다면, 민사중개와 관련된 사적 분쟁의 유형과 법적 쟁점이 무엇인지에 대한 규명이 이루어져야 할 것이다. Civil Act is a general law included in private law that regulates private life relations among individuals and serves as criteria of the enactment and revision of every law and of the interpretations of laws. Therefore, civil act is an important law that should be subject to review. However, despite the fact that commercial act which is a special law in private law has stipulations about brokers regarding intermediation contracts, civil act which is a general law does not have such stipulations, which caused controversy about if the legal system is flawed. Meanwhile, as the basic function of the law is being a criterion for the settlement of dispute, if relevant disputes can be settled in accordance with the provisions of Articles 93 to 100 of commercial act, one may argue that it is not essential that civil act which is a general law should have such provisions. With respect to this issue, nowadays, several categories of civil intermediation differentiated from commercial intermediation including real estate brokerage, marriage brokerage, and job brokerage have appeared and each category has the licensed real estate agents act which has characteristics of public law, the marriage brokers business management act, and the employment security act, respectively. However, it can be argued that these laws have limitations in settling legal disputes. In particular, due to the development of information communication technology, various forms of brokerage have emerged and have been widely used in the traditional area of civil intermediation. In the future, it is expected that legal issues regarding intermediation contracts will come to the fore and private disputes will go on in diverse ways. Thus, it seems that there is a need for the effort to add stipulations to existing legislation as typical contracts of civil act. For these reasons, this study examined the concept of civil intermediation which is differentiated from commercial intermediation. Based on the provisions of commercial act and precedents about brokers, this research dealt with issues including whether civil brokers are merchants, the scope of application of commercial act, the objects of brokerage, the characteristics as business, the sun of brokerage, brokers' duty, and brokers' right to claim payment. To add provisions about brokers or intermediation contracts to civil act, a close scrutiny on what are the features of civil intermediation that are distinguished from commercial intermediation must precede. Hence, further studies on this issue are required. Although commercial act has stipulations about brokers and each type of business has a special law about brokerage, if such stipulations are to be added as typical contracts to civil act, it is necessary to identify the types of private disputes and legal issues relating to civil intermediation.

메탄의 부분산화에 의한 메탄올 직접 합성

김영국 ( Young Kook Kim ),이광혁 ( Kwang Hyeok Lee ),함현식 ( Hyun Sik Hahm ) 한국유화학회 2013 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.30 No.4

페롭스카이트 촉매와 Mo, Bi를 기본으로 하는 복합 산화물 촉매를 이용하여 천연가스의 주성분인 메탄의 부분산화를 통하여 메탄올을 직접 합성하였다. 페롭스카이트(ABO3) 촉매는 A 및 B site 성분을 변화시키면서 사과산법으로 제조하였으며, Mo, Bi를 기본으로 하는 3성분계 복합 산화물 촉매는 공침법으로 제조하여 반응특성을 살펴보았다. 페롭스카이트 촉매에서 A site에 알칼리 금속인 Sr을, B site에 전이금속인 Cr을 도입한 SrCrO3 촉매가 400℃에서 메탄올 선택도 11%로 가장 우수한 결과를 보였다. Mo, Bi를 기본으로 하는 3성분계 복합 산화물 촉매의 경우 모든 촉매에서 메탄 전환율에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며, Cr을 첨가한 Mo-Bi-Cr 복합 산화물 촉매가 400℃에서 메탄올 선택도 15.3%로 가장 우수한 결과를 나타냈다. 3성분계 복합 산화물 촉매에서 촉매의 활성과 메탄올 선택도는 촉매의 표면적에 정비례하였다. Methanol was directly produced by the partial oxidation of methane with perovskite and mixed oxide catalysts. Perovskite (ABO3) catalysts were prepared by the malic acid method with changing A and B site components. Three-component mixed oxide catalysts that have Mo and Bi as a main component were prepared by the co-precipitation method. Among the perovskite catalysts, SrCrO3 showed the highest methanol selectivity of 11% at 400℃. For the three-component mixed oxide catalysts, there were no remarkable changes in methane conversion. Among the mixed oxide catalysts, Mo-Bi-Cr mixed oxide catalyst showed the highest methanol selectivity of 15.3% at 400℃. The catalytic activity and methanol selectivity of the three-component mixed oxide catalysts were directly proportional to the surface area of the catalysts.

타이포그래피 미디어(이모티콘)의 소통과 공공성

김영국(Young-Kook Kim) 한국콘텐츠학회 2011 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.11 No.6

미디어의 발전 속에서 문자의 사용은 다양한 방법으로 발전해왔다. 인터넷과 모바일의 급속한 성장에 따라 디지털 환경에서 문자언어의 새로운 역할인 시각화와 감정전달이 대두되었다. 의사소통의 편의성을 위한 도구의 한 부분으로 생겨난 이모티콘은 비대면 커뮤니케이션 상황에서 소통문화의 효과적 역할을 한다. 특히 창제 원리상 소통과 나눔의 의미를 내포하며, 단순명료한 형태적 특성을 갖는 한글을 조합하여 만들어진 한글 이모티콘은 그 구조적, 조형적 특성으로 인해 조합과 활용에 편리하여 디지털 커뮤니케이션 환경에서 중요한 시각적 요소의 역할을 한다. 한글 이모티콘은 우리 한글문화의 한 부분이며 매체의 발달에 따른 시각언어의 글로벌화 현상에 비추어 볼 때 국제적 커뮤니케이션 도구로써의 가능성도 충분하다. 개인미디어의 보편화와 미디어의 주체적 사용자의 변화 속에서, 타이포그래피 미디어의 한 부분인 한글 이모티콘의 활용증가와 공공성의 문제를 검토하고자 한다. In line with the development of Media, the use of character has been developed in various ways. Specially, it has been emerged the functions of written language of visualization and delivery of emotion in the digitalized environment due to speedy growth of internet and Mobile. The emoticons emerged as a tool for the convenience of communication proved to have taken effective role in the part of communication culture. Particularly, Hangul emoticons which contains the meaning of communication and sharing in tandem with the principle of Hangul invention, provides convenience in combination & use due to its structural and design characteristic for which it plays a significant role of visual element. Hangul emoticon is definitely a part of Hangul culture and in view of globalization of visual language in connection with media development, there is a huge potential being to be used as a international communication tool. In this study, it will be reviewed on the increased utilization of Hangul emoticons and related public issues as being a part of typography media, in view of the generalization of private media as well as change of subjective user.