예술 형식으로서의 애니메이션의 서사적 특성 연구 - 브래드 버드 감독의 “아이언 자이언트(1999)”, “인크레더블(2004)”, “라따뚜이(2007)”를 중심으로 -

김숭현,이태훈 한국디지털정책학회 2018 디지털융복합연구 Vol.16 No.3

특수분장사의 직무능력 향상을 위한 디지털 방식 기반 외장의안 제작 가능성 - 포토그래메트리, 3D프린팅, 특수분장 융합 기술을 중심으로 -

김숭현 대한미용학회 2020 대한미용학회지 Vol.16 No.1

The current study has focused on the increasing need of anaplastology experts who specialize in creating maxillofacial prostheses. In the study, a computer-aided method has been proposed which targeted toward customized orbital prosthesis fabrication that special makeup artists can use. We examined the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving the expertise of special makeup artists, and expanding the scope of their expertise and practice. The findings of this study are as follows. First, the biggest advantage of the computer-aided fabrication method is that it is possible to obtain the measurements of the customized orbital prosthesis directly without constructing its model. Through the photogrammetry technology in the proposed method it is possible to measure minutely an open eye and does not require any extra matching processes. Second, when the photogrammetric technique fails in obtaining the measurement data due to lack of absolute coordinates of the ocular component, it records other reference objects and takes them into account to make accurate measurements. Third, we compared the four 3D printing technologies, viz. fused deposition modeling (FDM), digital light processing (DLP), stereolithography (SLA), and selective laser sintering (SLS), by experimenting them with the male and female molds of a custom orbital prosthesis. Among them, the DLP and SLA were found to be suitable in creating prosthetic eyes. Fourth, the two-component addition cure silicones, commonly used in the world of special makeup, suffer discoloration over time, so they are not suitable materials for the fabrication of customized ocular prostheses. Since customized orbital prostheses have a relatively long lifespan, it is better to use medical grade silicones. Medical grade silicones produce a texture rougher than normal skins but have discoloration resistance. Fifth, special makeup involving advanced coloring techniques can make a silicone-based orbital prosthesis look most life like, which increases customer satisfaction. Sixth, the use of photogrammetry technology reduces equipment and facilities costs, decreasing the over all production cost of a customized orbital prosthesis. In future, case studies of customized orbital prosthesis fabrication with a larger sample size will be performed, and ways to improve the orbital prosthesis fabrication via technological convergence of the special makeup and medical fields will be explored.

특수 분장에 사용하는 Silicone의 특성에 관한 조사

김숭현,이윤진,최은미,김기영 코리아뷰티디자인학회 2009 코리아뷰티디자인학회지 Vol.5 No.3

백인의 상처분장과 노인분장에 활용할 수 있는 실리콘의 조색방법

김숭현,이윤진,이금희,김기영 대한미용학회 2011 대한미용학회지 Vol.7 No.2

According to the development of the special make-up industry, silicons are used widely as special make-up materials. silicone have a advantage for expression a variety of skin colors and give the delicacy and reality in the description of the character often expressed in the makeup of wounds and old people are needed. So that, in this study expression methode of incision wound skin and old age special make-up in white people were investigated by silicon’s colorants combination. 10 White people’s skin color (L*, a*, b*) were measured by chromameter, and the colorants of beige, permanent yellow light, carmine and cobalt blue were mixed at different concentration. The chromaticity’s change and similarity of the silicon was observed by the thickness. Colorants combined silicons were prepared and tried to wound and old age special make-up on a face of white people. As a result, the value of lightness on the forehead and cheek L*=60.4 and 60.1, the value of redness a*=13.4 and 14.4, and the value of yellowness b*=12.6 and 11.7 in the 10 participants. Optimal mixing ratio was beige 9.21 g : carmine 0.66 g : cobalt blue 0.13 g. And it was very similar to the real skin color, so this ratio was used for preparation of silicon piece. The thicker of the silicon piece was more the darker than thinner, and attaching the 2 mm silicon piece on the skin of a participant, the color was very similar and it was difficult to observe the difference with the naked eye. When being applied to the makeup of wounds, the silicon expressed the swollen skin surface caused by injuries and the incised wound realistically without the sense of difference in the edge. When being applied to the makeup of old people, the silicon expressed the feature of the aging skin such as the detailed wrinkle on the forehead, the drooping under the eye, and the wrinkle around the mouth delicately and realistically. In conclusion, as the thickness of the silicon influences the chromaticity, and combination of silicon and colorants could be very useful in the special makeup such as of incision wound skin and old people.

제스처 기반 드로잉 시스템 Quill을 활용한 VR 애니메이션 제작 방법 연구 -2D, 3D, VR 환경에서 ‘Run C ycle’ 애니메이션 사례 비교를 중심으로-

김숭현,최재하 한국만화애니메이션학회 2023 만화애니메이션연구 Vol.- No.72

코로나19 팬데믹 이후 가상현실(VR) 및 증강현실(AR) 등 실감형 콘텐츠 개발의 필요성이 대두되었다. 특히, VR 애니메이션은 스크린을 벗어나 360° 공간에서 이야기를 실제로 경험할 수 있는 대표적인 실감형 콘텐츠라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 VR 콘텐츠를 제작하는 방식과는 다르게 HMD를 착용하고 VR 컨트롤러를 움직이며 VR 공간에서 콘텐츠를 제작하는 새로운 접근법인 제스처 기반 드로잉 시스템을 활용한 VR 애니메이션 제작 방법의 특징과 가치를 밝히고, VR 환경이라는 특수성에 의한 제작 방법의 새로운 시도에 대해 파악하여 VR 애니메이션 제작 경험이 주는 특징과 이를 위해 요구되는 능력에 대해 밝히고자 했다. 이를 위해 기존 2D 컴퓨터 애니메이션과 3D 컴퓨터 애니메이션, 그리고 제스처 기반 드로잉 시스템인 Quill을 활용한 VR 애니메이션 각각의 환경에서 동일한 캐릭터의 ‘Run Cycle’ 애니메이션을 제작하고, 각 제작 과정에서의 장 · 단점 및 특징을 파악하여 이를 실무적 관점에서 비교 분석했다. 결과적으로, 제스처 기반 드로잉 시스템 Quill을 활용한 VR 애니메이션제작에서 나타난 방법론적 특징은 2D 컴퓨터 애니메이션의 장점이라 할 수있는 표현 용이성과 3D 컴퓨터 애니메이션의 장점이라 할 수 있는 3차원 환경에서의 제작 가능성이 통합된 형태로 나타난다는 것을 확인하였다. 비록 제스처 기반 드로잉 시스템을 활용한 VR 애니메이션 제작 방법은 세부적이고정교한 형태의 표현이 어렵고 장편 애니메이션과 같은 큰 프로젝트를 수행하기에 제약이 있으며, HMD 착용으로 인해 멀미감과 구토감이 발생하는 문제점을 극복해야 한다는 한계가 나타났지만, 이러한 VR 환경에서 제스처를 기반으로 드로잉하며 3차원 모델을 만들어 애니메이션을 하는 과정은 표현력과범용성 측면에서 VR 애니메이션 제작의 새로운 길을 제시했다고 평가할 수있었다. 제스처 기반 드로잉 시스템을 활용한 VR 애니메이션 제작 방법은 기존의 3D 제작 과정을 통해 제작하는 일반적인 VR 애니메이션 제작 방법에서한발 더 나아가 새로운 개념의 방법론을 제시했다는 점에서 그 가치가 높다고할 수 있으며, 향후 VR 애니메이션을 제작하고자 하는 창작자들에 의해 적극적으로 활용될 것으로 기대된다. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the growth of the VR industry has highlighted the need for immersive content development, such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR). Particularly, VR animation stands as a prime example of immersive content that allows users to experience stories in a 360° space beyond traditional screens. In this study, the analysis aimed to explore a new approach to VR content creation using a gesture-based drawing system. By wearing a Head-Mounted Display (HMD) and manipulating VR controllers, this method enables VR animation production. To achieve this, a comparative analysis was conducted between traditional 2D computer animation and 3D computer animation production methods. Additionally, the features of VR animation production using the gesture-based drawing system, Quill, were examined. Furthermore, the study involved creating a character ‘Run Cycle’ Animation using the three different methods: 2D computer animation, 3D computer animation, and VR animation. These animations were then evaluated from a practical perspective to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each production approach. As a result, it was found that VR animation production utilizing the gesture-based drawing system, Quill, offers a method that integrates the ease of expression found in 2D computer animation and the possibilities of 3D computer animation in a three-dimensional environment. While there may be challenges in achieving intricate and detailed forms, and limitations for large projects like feature-length animations, such as overcoming motion sickness and nausea caused by wearing HMDs, the use of Quill in VR animation production demonstrates high value in terms of expressive capabilities and versatility. It is expected to be actively utilized by individual creators in the future.

Silica Gel-mediated Synthesis of β-Enamino Esters and its Application for the Synthesis of Indeno 4-Hydroxypyridin-2(1H)-Ones

김숭현,배세리,고은비,박가영,이은혜,황희종,임춘영,송민수 대한화학회 2019 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.40 No.3

The full scope of SiO2-based condensation of aliphatic or aromatic amines and ?-keto esters to give ?-enamino esters was examined. Functionalized linear ?-enamino esters were easily obtained from SiO2-based condensation of ?-keto esters and amines only after simple filtration. It was also demonstrated that cyclic ?-enamino esters with 99% purity can be prepared in a practically large scale (60 g) without using silica gel column chromatography. The utility of the present method was fortified by the preparation of pharmaceutically useful indeno-4-hydroxypyridin-2(1H)-one analogue 11.

그로테스크 특성이 반영된 예술 분장의 연구 - 안면 분장을 중심으로 -

김숭현 한국패션뷰티학회 2005 한국패션뷰티학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Art-Make-up has resulted in occupying one of the central areas of this culture. Art Make-up is currently undergoing various changes. The viewpoint of modern make-up is the infiniteness of emotion such as the subjectively individualized expressions and aesthetic values breaking with conventional thought. The most significant change is the idea of the 'grotesque'. The purpose of this research is to re-clarify the development of the diversity, professionalism and artistic feature through the study of Art make-up based on the 'grotesque' style. This also strives to focus attention at observing the deep and mysterious workings of the human inner world. In order to explain the features of 'grotesque' Art make-up, six images below are presented. Firstly, Inharmonious images. Secondly, disgusting inhuman images. Thirdly, mechanical images. Fourthly, distorted and exaggerated images. Fifthly, diabolic and horrific images. And, lastly, playful images. These six images thoroughly demonstrate the 'grotesque' features. The fact at we can see the 'grotesque' features in Art make-up explains the enormous growth of Art make-up and the unlimited range of expression in this field. It also implies that the choice of material and theme is not restricted to universal artistic criteria. In closing, it is necessary that Art make-up is thought of not as actual art but more as a tool for its subjects. As a result, this research will provide valuable information for studies in the future.

역설계 시스템 적용을 위한 3D 스캐너와 포토그래메트리 방식의 유용성 비교 - 특수분장을 위한 라이프 캐스트를 중심으로

김숭현 한국인체미용예술학회 2020 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.21 No.2

This paper investigated a non-contact white light 3D scanner and photogrammetry that could be applied to the human body by producing a face cast and positive mold for special effects using both methods. The results are described below. First, while it was possible to produce a face cast and positive mold using a 3D scanner without any interruption of the lighting system, the lighting system was significantly important for the production using photogrammetry. Next, 3D scanners currently available on the market now can acquire date only for the parts within the scope of CCD cameras. Thus, they need a matching process to compose the data scanned in various viewpoints to acquire complete shapes. However, the photogrammetry method can reduce and facilitate the time this takes as the software automatically matches data. Moreover, the 3D scanner method had less economic efficiency than the photogrammetry method because the former required a relatively higher cost of system implementation than the latter as well as a more inconvenient maintenance service and faster system aging. In accordance with the comparison on the accuracy of measurement results from the 3D scanners and photogrammetry on the human head, the results were the same as those using a globally certified 3D scanner. Furthermore, the photogrammetry software with a simple user menu structure is easier for those who are not as skilled in computer-related subjects than 3D scanners requiring a separate matching process. Accordingly, 3D scanning using photogrammetry method will reduce expenses for purchasing the system and enable a life cast without any professional help needed. Application of photogrammetry for life casts will be another approach to reduce the burden to secure the labor and material resources related to the introduction and implementation of the digital-based processes in the special effect industry and so to improve accessibility.

특수분장사 직무능력 향상을 위한 맞춤형 보형물 작업사 양성 기초연구 - 디지털 방식 기반 손가락 의지 제작을 중심으로 -

김숭현 대한미용학회 2023 대한미용학회지 Vol.19 No.3

The purpose of this study is to gather basic data necessary for development of an educational course that will provide training for a person with the job abilities of a special makeup artist to function concurrently as a customized prosthesis artist. Among customized prostheses, purchase of items not covered by insurance benefits through prosthesis/orthosis manufacturers is not necessary. Therefore, those who have the job skills required for a special makeup artist who manufacture and sell prostheses of a quality satisfactory to clients can have a competitive edge. Among customized prostheses, the demand for fingers prosthetics, which are digitally manufactured using photogrammetry, is expected to be the greatest, and the materials used, equipment, methods, and points that require consideration were identified. The subjects selected for this study were two individuals who lost the proximal phalanges and thereafter the fingers of one hand but were not eligible to register as disabled persons. The fingers prosthetics, which were manufactured by making three-dimensional shapes after taking photos centering on both hands of the study subjects, were evaluated after being worn for identification and verification of the feasibility of their use in daily life.

포토그래메트리와 3D 프린터를 활용한 특수분장 디지털 작업에 대한 가능성과 유용성

김숭현 한국인체미용예술학회 2019 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Photogrammetry is a technique to construct 3-D shape information based on 2D photos. Since it utilizes photo information, actual data on a subject are not provided. Therefore, it has disadvantages in measuring actual size. Even so, there has been a rising interest in the development of photogrammetry convergence technology in diverse fields. This study attempted to investigate the possibility and usefulness of the digital mode by applying 3D printing technology, which has led the Fourth Industrial Revolution while altering the paradigm of the latest technology, and photogrammetry to lifecasting in special makeup. The results found the following: First, it has been known that the construction of 3D shape information is impossible unless controllable indoor artificial lighting and tens of cameras are installed in advance, and a subject is photographed at the same time. With the smooth cooperation of the subject, the technique was able to get the desired results with just one camera. Second, human skin becomes shinier under lighting due to high moisture content and translucent epidermis. When photographing, lighting is essential so that it is important to reduce skin gloss with cosmetics and avoid direct lighting to get satisfying results. Third, to get measured data, it is needed to have actual information by attaching a non-glossy object whose dimensions are known to a subject or by photographing it along with the model. The created 3D data can be edited by a 3D modeling program, printed using a 3D printer and used in an embossed mold. They could also be available in anaplastology, which restores a body part that was lost due to illness, accident or inborn disability, using an artificial device as well as in special makeup. Digital work on special makeup has great growth potential, supporting continued technology development. Therefore, it is necessary to suggest future directions by performing related studies.