연안해역 모니터링을 위한 초분광영상 처리기법 현황

김선화 ( Sun Hwa Kim ),양찬수 ( Chan Su Yang ) 한국지리정보학회 2015 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.18 No.1

본 연구에서는 초분광영상의 국내 연안 활용 범위 확대 및 정확성 향상을 위해, 국외 연안지역에 대한 항공기 및 위성 탑재 초분광영상의 다양한 처리 기법을 소개한다. 육상과 달리, 가시광선 영역에서 미세한 반사율을 보이는 해양의 경우 보다 정밀한 대기보정이 요구된다. 이와 함께, 태양-해수면-센서의 기하학적 특징으로 나타나는 태양광 정반사(sun-glint)와 같은 이상 현상을 제거하기 위한 다양한 기법도 개발되어 왔다. 대기 및 정반사 보정된 초분광영상은 연안지역의 수심추정과 산호와 같은 저서 생물 및 해저면 종류 분류, 저서 생물 상태 모니터링에 활용되는데, 주로 복사전달모델과 분광라이브러리에 기반을 둔 반분석적 기법을 사용한다. 이는 초분광영상의 많은 분광 정보를 활용하는 방법으로, 실험적 모델을 적용하는 다중분광자료에 비해 상대적으로 정확도가 높다. 광학영상의 해양활용에서 있어 수심 및 수질은 매우 중요한 제약점으로, 특히 복사전달모델에 기반을 둔 분석에 따르면 초분광영상은 최대 25m까지 수심측정이나 해저면 분류가 가능하다고 하나, 실제 많은 연구에서 항공기 및 위성 탑재 초분광영상은 수심 10m 이내의 연안지역에서 활용되고 있다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 국내 연안지역의 초분광영상자료의 정확하고 정량적인 연안 활용을 위해서는 최대 탐지 가능한 수심 및 수질조건 등에 대한 분석이 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 국내 연안지역에 대해 분류 가능한 저서 생물과 해저면의 분류 및 분광라이 브러리 구축의 필요성을 제시하였다. In this study, we introduce various hyperspectral data processing techniques for the monitoring of shallow and coastal waters to enlarge the application range and to improve the accuracy of the end results in Korea. Unlike land, more accurate atmospheric correction is needed in coastal region showing relatively low reflectance in visible wavelengths. Sun-glint which occurs due to a geometry of sun-sea surface-sensor is another issue for the data processing in the ocean application of hyperspectal imagery. After the preprocessing of the hyperspectral data, a semi-analytical algorithm based on a radiative transfer model and a spectral library can be used for bathymetry mapping in coastal area, type classification and status monitoring of benthos or substrate classification. In general, semi-analytical algorithms using spectral information obtained from hyperspectral imagey shows higher accuracy than an empirical method using multispectral data. The water depth and quality are constraint factors in the ocean application of optical data. Although a radiative transfer model suggests the theoretical limit of about 25m in depth for bathymetry and bottom classification, hyperspectral data have been used practically at depths of up to 10 m in shallow and coastal waters. It means we have to focus on the maximum depth of water and water quality conditions that affect the coastal applicability of hyperspectral data, and to define the spectral library of coastal waters to classify the types of benthos and substrates.

대나무 고온탄을 이용한 유기성 폐수처리

김선화,김해진,김준태,Kim, Sun-Hwa,Kim, Hae-Jin,Kim, Joon-Tae 대한환경위생공학회 2007 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.22 No.1

This study was conducted the adsorption experiment way of organic wastewater (BOD, COD, TOC, T-N, T-P) by changing the carbonization temperature and the size of adsorbent to examine the adsorption capacity of Korean traditional charcoal which has similar characteristics to activated carbon of organic pollutants. Also, it was performed the basic experiment for pH and inorganic materials. As a result of observing Korean traditional charcoal with has the greatest inorganic contents which are the important factor of chemical adsorption. As the carbonization temperature was better high temperature charcoal than law temperature charcoal to adsorption capacity of pollutant and as the particle was minute (D size : $3.35mm{\sim}2.0mm$), it was most effective. The result of adsorption experiment of organic wastewater show that the elimination ratio of pollutants by bamboo high temperature charcoal was found as BOD(82.1%), COD(91.7%), TOC(52.4%), T-N(66.6%), T-P(83.2%) and it has most excellent adsorption capacity of organic pollutants.

초분광영상을 이용한 남극 제2기지 후보지에 대한 기반암 분류 연구

김선화,김태훈,홍창희,Kim, Sun-Hwa,Kim, Tae-Hoon,Hong, Chang-Hee 대한공간정보학회 2010 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.18 No.5

본 연구는 남극과 같은 극한지에 대한 초분광영상의 활용방안 제시를 위해 시도되었다. 연구 대상 지역은 국내 남극 기지 후보지로 결정된 테라노바만 지역으로, 암반 위에 건설되는 기지의 특성상 기반암의 위치 및 안정도는 매우 중요한 분석인자라 할 수 있다. 현지 측정 자료의 경우, 상대적으로 좁은 지역에서 이루어지고 측정이 힘든 지역이 많아 후보지역의 전체적 특징을 측정하는 데는 한계가 있다. 이에 위성영상을 이용한 광역지역의 다양한 정보제공이 요구되어 진다. 본 연구에서는 초분광영상의 풍부한 분광정보를 이용하여 기반암 지역을 추출한 후 주요 암석종류에 대해 탐지 및 분류를 시도하였다. 이를 위해 국제적인 암석 분광라이브러리를 사용하였다. 탐지 결과, 초분광영상의 중적외선밴드가 암석 탐지에 매우 유용한 것으로 나타났으며, 주요 암석의 분포 정보를 산출할 수 있었다. 향후 연구에서는 충분한 현지 측정자료를 이용한 보다 정량적인 연구결과의 검증을 시도할 예정이다. This study was started for providing the application method of hyperspectral im age over extreme cold area as the Antarctic. Study area was Terra Nova Bay area which was decided as the candidate of 2nd Antarctic base station. For deciding last location of base station, many researchers tried to analyze the suitability of this study area. Among many suitability indicators, the location and stability of extracted bed rock area were very important. Using many spectral information of hyperspectral data, we tried detecting of bed rock and classifying four rock types. As additionally data, international spectral library of rock were used in this study. At the results, short-infrared wavelength bands were useful in the detection and classification of bed rock.

WWW를 기반으로 하는 도서관 OPAC에 관한 고찰

김선화,Kim, Sun-Hwa 한국과학기술정보연구원 과학기술정보센터 1996 Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice Vol.27 No.3

1990년대에 만들어진 WWW는 하이퍼텍스트, 멀티미디어, GUI 등의 특성을 갖고서 급속도로 발전하여 현재는 인터넷의 대표적인 서비스로 자리를 잡았다. 이러한 특징을 갖는 WWW와 도서관의 OPAC을 인터페이스 시킴으로써 도서관과 이용자 양측 모두에게 유용한 검색용 도구가 되고있다. 본고에서는 먼저 WWW의 기본적인 특성 등에 대해 살펴본 후, WWW를 기반으로 한 도서관 온라인열람목록(OPAC)에 대하여 언급하고자 한다. 기존 텔넷(telnet)방식의 OPAC을 설명한 후, WWW를 기반으로 한 OPAC에 대해 비교적 상세히 언급하였다. 또한 도서관 OPAC과 WWW를 연동했을 때의 장단점에 대해서도 설명하였다. WWW having the characters of hypertext, multimedia, GUI, etc. has evolved as the leading service of Internet since the early 1990s. It's very useful to combine WWW echnologies and OPAC service in the aspects of users and library. This paper describes he overview of WWW and the Library OPAC services based on WWW. After comparing between Telnet and WWW, author will talk about the advantages and disadvantages of Library OPAC services based on WWW.

1-Aza-18-Crown-6를 이용한 우라늄(VI) 이온 흡착제 수지 합성

김선화,김해진,Kim, Sun-Hwa,Kim, Hae-Jin 대한환경위생공학회 2006 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.21 No.4

The ion exchange resins have been synthesized from chlormethyl styrene - 1,4 - divinylbenzene(DVB) with 1%, 2%, 4% and 8%-crosslinking and 1-aza-18-crown-6 macrocyclic ligand by copolymerization method. Content of chlorine in styrene-DVB copolymer was decreased as crosslink increased and it is because as crosslink increased 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% DVB content increased and crosslink density increased and cavity was reduced. Functional group of resin almost disappeared as C-C1 peak around $700cm^{-1}$ was substituted with 1-aza-18-C-6 macrocyclic ligand and new peak of C-N around $1020cm^{-1}$ appeared, so it was confirmed that styrene-DVB copolymer and ligand were compounded. As crosslink increased in the analysis of element contents, it resulted in the reduction of nitrogen content and it is because as crosslink increased, it led to the reduction of chlorine content in the process of substitution reaction and it affected macrocyclic ligand substituted. Thermo analysis curve of functional synthetic resin decomposed three part of 1-aza-18-C-6, styrene, and DVB. Form of functional synthetic resin showed distortion of its particles as macrocyclic ligand was introduced to styrene-DVB copolymer and hydrogen of ligand caused substitution with chlorine element of styrene molecule.

NS-2를 이용한 MANET의 주소 자동설정 기법의 성능분석 연구

김선화,고빈,이규호,Kim, Sun-Hwa,Go, Bin,Lee, Kyou-Ho 한국시뮬레이션학회 2010 한국시뮬레이션학회 논문지 Vol.19 No.3

Simulation analysis may be the essential means to either evaluate performance of systems or optimize system parameters for new design. Including many variations for design and implementation, MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork) is one target area of such an analysis. Since every node, however, included in the network has mobility, one MANET could be overlapped or merged with another one which use a different transport protocol. In order to communicate among nodes in this case, the new merged network should configure paths and addresses in advance. Configuring paths and addresses generates much overheads which ultimately cause delay in communicating data. Performance analysis is required to improve the data transport performance by minimizing overheads. This paper proposes a sound address auto-configuration method which is based on an on-demand manner and then presents modeling and performance analysis of the method. NS-2 simulation results verify that the proposed method can not only alleviate overheads, which are inevitably generated for address auto-configuration processes, and but also decentralize them in time.

농작물 모니터링을 위한 점수기반 식생지수 합성기법의 개발

김선화,은정,Kim, Sun-Hwa,Eun, Jeong 대한원격탐사학회 2022 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.38 No.6

Clouds or shadows are the most problematic when monitoring crops using optical satellite images. To reduce this effect, a composite algorithm was used to select the maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for a certain period. This Maximum NDVI Composite (MNC) method reduces the influence of clouds, but since only the maximum NDVI value is used for a certain period, it is difficult to show the phenomenon immediately when the NDVI decreases. As a way to maintain the spectral information of crop as much as possible while minimizing the influence of clouds, a Score-Based Composite (SBC) algorithm was proposed, which is a method of selecting the most suitable pixels by defining various environmental factors and assigning scores to them when compositing. In this study, the Sentinel-2A/B Level 2A reflectance image and cloud, shadow, Aerosol Optical Thickness(AOT), obtainging date, sensor zenith angle provided as additional information were used for the SBC algorithm. As a result of applying the SBC algorithm with a 15-day and a monthly period for Dangjin rice fields and Taebaek highland cabbage fields in 2021, the 15-day period composited data showed faster detailed changes in NDVI than the monthly composited results, except for the rainy season affected by clouds. In certain images, a spatially heterogeneous part is seen due to partial date-by-date differences in the composited NDVI image, which is considered to be due to the inaccuracy of the cloud and shadow information used. In the future, we plan to improve the accuracy of input information and perform quantitative comparison with MNC-based composite algorithm.

북한이탈주민의 거주지 정착지원 활성화 방안

김선화 ( Kim Sun Hwa ),윤여상,허영철 남북하나재단 2010 연구총서 Vol.2010 No.0

This study is about settlement support system for the North Korean migrants when they first enter their residential area after finishing Hanawon. This study suggests strategies to vitalize each area of support system and also suggests the direction on support system in local community. Currently operating support system includes North Korean migrants local suport committee, Protection Officers system in the public domain, and Hana Center system which is supported by government initiated & funded through local governments, settlement helpers & North Korean migrants counselor system which are organized through the Foundation of North Korean migrants and other NGOs including social work agencies. The directions to vatalize the rettlement support systems are as follows. 1) Nongovernment centered strategies 2)local government centered implementations of policy 3)strengthening the independence of defectors and improving the perception of South Koreans, and 4) operating of publicprivate partnership(including partnership of central and local government) The outline plans for development and improvement for settlement support systems are as follows. 1) policy development and enforcement through convergence of opinions of policy enforcement practitioners and policy subjects 2) necessity for integration and coordination between settlement support systems 3) development of the professional program according to the diversification of North Korea defectors’ settlement levels, and 4) necessity of legal basis for strengthening the role and responsibilities of local governments.

프라다스포츠 패션에 나타난 미적 특성에 관한 연구

김선화(Kim Sun-Hwa) 한국지역사회생활과학회 2005 한국지역사회생활과학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2005 No.-

응축수를 이용한 냉각기의 냄새원인물질 평가방법 검토

김선화(Sun-Hwa Kim),김경환(Kyung-Hwan Kim),정영림(Young-Rim Jung),김만구(Man-Goo Kim),김재호(Jae-Ho Kim),박하영(Ha-Young Park),지용준(Yong-Jun Ji) 한국분석과학회 2007 분석과학 Vol.20 No.5