대나무 고온탄을 이용한 유기성 폐수처리

김선화,김해진,김준태,Kim, Sun-Hwa,Kim, Hae-Jin,Kim, Joon-Tae 대한환경위생공학회 2007 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.22 No.1

This study was conducted the adsorption experiment way of organic wastewater (BOD, COD, TOC, T-N, T-P) by changing the carbonization temperature and the size of adsorbent to examine the adsorption capacity of Korean traditional charcoal which has similar characteristics to activated carbon of organic pollutants. Also, it was performed the basic experiment for pH and inorganic materials. As a result of observing Korean traditional charcoal with has the greatest inorganic contents which are the important factor of chemical adsorption. As the carbonization temperature was better high temperature charcoal than law temperature charcoal to adsorption capacity of pollutant and as the particle was minute (D size : $3.35mm{\sim}2.0mm$), it was most effective. The result of adsorption experiment of organic wastewater show that the elimination ratio of pollutants by bamboo high temperature charcoal was found as BOD(82.1%), COD(91.7%), TOC(52.4%), T-N(66.6%), T-P(83.2%) and it has most excellent adsorption capacity of organic pollutants.

연안해역 모니터링을 위한 초분광영상 처리기법 현황

김선화 ( Sun Hwa Kim ),양찬수 ( Chan Su Yang ) 한국지리정보학회 2015 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.18 No.1

In this study, we introduce various hyperspectral data processing techniques for the monitoring of shallow and coastal waters to enlarge the application range and to improve the accuracy of the end results in Korea. Unlike land, more accurate atmospheric correction is needed in coastal region showing relatively low reflectance in visible wavelengths. Sun-glint which occurs due to a geometry of sun-sea surface-sensor is another issue for the data processing in the ocean application of hyperspectal imagery. After the preprocessing of the hyperspectral data, a semi-analytical algorithm based on a radiative transfer model and a spectral library can be used for bathymetry mapping in coastal area, type classification and status monitoring of benthos or substrate classification. In general, semi-analytical algorithms using spectral information obtained from hyperspectral imagey shows higher accuracy than an empirical method using multispectral data. The water depth and quality are constraint factors in the ocean application of optical data. Although a radiative transfer model suggests the theoretical limit of about 25m in depth for bathymetry and bottom classification, hyperspectral data have been used practically at depths of up to 10 m in shallow and coastal waters. It means we have to focus on the maximum depth of water and water quality conditions that affect the coastal applicability of hyperspectral data, and to define the spectral library of coastal waters to classify the types of benthos and substrates.

NS-2를 이용한 MANET의 주소 자동설정 기법의 성능분석 연구

김선화,고빈,이규호,Kim, Sun-Hwa,Go, Bin,Lee, Kyou-Ho 한국시뮬레이션학회 2010 한국시뮬레이션학회 논문지 Vol.19 No.3

Simulation analysis may be the essential means to either evaluate performance of systems or optimize system parameters for new design. Including many variations for design and implementation, MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork) is one target area of such an analysis. Since every node, however, included in the network has mobility, one MANET could be overlapped or merged with another one which use a different transport protocol. In order to communicate among nodes in this case, the new merged network should configure paths and addresses in advance. Configuring paths and addresses generates much overheads which ultimately cause delay in communicating data. Performance analysis is required to improve the data transport performance by minimizing overheads. This paper proposes a sound address auto-configuration method which is based on an on-demand manner and then presents modeling and performance analysis of the method. NS-2 simulation results verify that the proposed method can not only alleviate overheads, which are inevitably generated for address auto-configuration processes, and but also decentralize them in time.

초분광영상을 이용한 남극 제2기지 후보지에 대한 기반암 분류 연구

김선화,김태훈,홍창희,Kim, Sun-Hwa,Kim, Tae-Hoon,Hong, Chang-Hee 대한공간정보학회 2010 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.18 No.5

본 연구는 남극과 같은 극한지에 대한 초분광영상의 활용방안 제시를 위해 시도되었다. 연구 대상 지역은 국내 남극 기지 후보지로 결정된 테라노바만 지역으로, 암반 위에 건설되는 기지의 특성상 기반암의 위치 및 안정도는 매우 중요한 분석인자라 할 수 있다. 현지 측정 자료의 경우, 상대적으로 좁은 지역에서 이루어지고 측정이 힘든 지역이 많아 후보지역의 전체적 특징을 측정하는 데는 한계가 있다. 이에 위성영상을 이용한 광역지역의 다양한 정보제공이 요구되어 진다. 본 연구에서는 초분광영상의 풍부한 분광정보를 이용하여 기반암 지역을 추출한 후 주요 암석종류에 대해 탐지 및 분류를 시도하였다. 이를 위해 국제적인 암석 분광라이브러리를 사용하였다. 탐지 결과, 초분광영상의 중적외선밴드가 암석 탐지에 매우 유용한 것으로 나타났으며, 주요 암석의 분포 정보를 산출할 수 있었다. 향후 연구에서는 충분한 현지 측정자료를 이용한 보다 정량적인 연구결과의 검증을 시도할 예정이다. This study was started for providing the application method of hyperspectral im age over extreme cold area as the Antarctic. Study area was Terra Nova Bay area which was decided as the candidate of 2nd Antarctic base station. For deciding last location of base station, many researchers tried to analyze the suitability of this study area. Among many suitability indicators, the location and stability of extracted bed rock area were very important. Using many spectral information of hyperspectral data, we tried detecting of bed rock and classifying four rock types. As additionally data, international spectral library of rock were used in this study. At the results, short-infrared wavelength bands were useful in the detection and classification of bed rock.

농작물 모니터링을 위한 점수기반 식생지수 합성기법의 개발

김선화,은정,Kim, Sun-Hwa,Eun, Jeong 대한원격탐사학회 2022 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.38 No.6

Clouds or shadows are the most problematic when monitoring crops using optical satellite images. To reduce this effect, a composite algorithm was used to select the maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for a certain period. This Maximum NDVI Composite (MNC) method reduces the influence of clouds, but since only the maximum NDVI value is used for a certain period, it is difficult to show the phenomenon immediately when the NDVI decreases. As a way to maintain the spectral information of crop as much as possible while minimizing the influence of clouds, a Score-Based Composite (SBC) algorithm was proposed, which is a method of selecting the most suitable pixels by defining various environmental factors and assigning scores to them when compositing. In this study, the Sentinel-2A/B Level 2A reflectance image and cloud, shadow, Aerosol Optical Thickness(AOT), obtainging date, sensor zenith angle provided as additional information were used for the SBC algorithm. As a result of applying the SBC algorithm with a 15-day and a monthly period for Dangjin rice fields and Taebaek highland cabbage fields in 2021, the 15-day period composited data showed faster detailed changes in NDVI than the monthly composited results, except for the rainy season affected by clouds. In certain images, a spatially heterogeneous part is seen due to partial date-by-date differences in the composited NDVI image, which is considered to be due to the inaccuracy of the cloud and shadow information used. In the future, we plan to improve the accuracy of input information and perform quantitative comparison with MNC-based composite algorithm.

WWW를 기반으로 하는 도서관 OPAC에 관한 고찰

김선화,Kim, Sun-Hwa 한국과학기술정보연구원 과학기술정보센터 1996 Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice Vol.27 No.3

1990년대에 만들어진 WWW는 하이퍼텍스트, 멀티미디어, GUI 등의 특성을 갖고서 급속도로 발전하여 현재는 인터넷의 대표적인 서비스로 자리를 잡았다. 이러한 특징을 갖는 WWW와 도서관의 OPAC을 인터페이스 시킴으로써 도서관과 이용자 양측 모두에게 유용한 검색용 도구가 되고있다. 본고에서는 먼저 WWW의 기본적인 특성 등에 대해 살펴본 후, WWW를 기반으로 한 도서관 온라인열람목록(OPAC)에 대하여 언급하고자 한다. 기존 텔넷(telnet)방식의 OPAC을 설명한 후, WWW를 기반으로 한 OPAC에 대해 비교적 상세히 언급하였다. 또한 도서관 OPAC과 WWW를 연동했을 때의 장단점에 대해서도 설명하였다. WWW having the characters of hypertext, multimedia, GUI, etc. has evolved as the leading service of Internet since the early 1990s. It's very useful to combine WWW echnologies and OPAC service in the aspects of users and library. This paper describes he overview of WWW and the Library OPAC services based on WWW. After comparing between Telnet and WWW, author will talk about the advantages and disadvantages of Library OPAC services based on WWW.

1-Aza-18-Crown-6를 이용한 우라늄(VI) 이온 흡착제 수지 합성

김선화,김해진,Kim, Sun-Hwa,Kim, Hae-Jin 대한환경위생공학회 2006 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.21 No.4

The ion exchange resins have been synthesized from chlormethyl styrene - 1,4 - divinylbenzene(DVB) with 1%, 2%, 4% and 8%-crosslinking and 1-aza-18-crown-6 macrocyclic ligand by copolymerization method. Content of chlorine in styrene-DVB copolymer was decreased as crosslink increased and it is because as crosslink increased 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% DVB content increased and crosslink density increased and cavity was reduced. Functional group of resin almost disappeared as C-C1 peak around $700cm^{-1}$ was substituted with 1-aza-18-C-6 macrocyclic ligand and new peak of C-N around $1020cm^{-1}$ appeared, so it was confirmed that styrene-DVB copolymer and ligand were compounded. As crosslink increased in the analysis of element contents, it resulted in the reduction of nitrogen content and it is because as crosslink increased, it led to the reduction of chlorine content in the process of substitution reaction and it affected macrocyclic ligand substituted. Thermo analysis curve of functional synthetic resin decomposed three part of 1-aza-18-C-6, styrene, and DVB. Form of functional synthetic resin showed distortion of its particles as macrocyclic ligand was introduced to styrene-DVB copolymer and hydrogen of ligand caused substitution with chlorine element of styrene molecule.

부산지역 경력단절 여성의 취업욕구에 관한 연구

김선화(Kim, Sun-Hwa) 신라대학교 여성문제연구소 2010 젠더와 사회 Vol.21 No.-

이 연구는 부산지역에 있는 경력단절여성 중에서 취업을 희망하는 여성을 대상으로 취업욕구를 조사하고 경력단절여성들의 재취업을 도모할 수 있는 지원방안 모색을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 연구결과 경력단절여성들의 취업욕구에 대한 연구결과를 살펴보면 이들의 88.9%는 재취업을 원하고 전일제보다는 시간제를 더 선호하였다. 기혼여성이 재취업을 희망하지 않거나 시간제를 더 선호하는 이유를 자녀 양육 때문이라고 응답하였다. 그러나 미혼 여성의 경우에는 자신의 시간을 갖고 싶어서 시간제 근무를 원한다는 비율이 가장 높게 나타났다. 경력단절여성들의 재취업 선호직종으로는 전문직, 사무직 순으로 높이 나타났다. 경력단절여성들이 취업을 희망하는 이유는 생계유지 및 가계보탬, 자아실현 등으로 나타나고 있으며 일에 대한 태도 역시 다소 높게 나타난다. 경력단절여성을 위한 별도의 지원이 필요한 이유는 미혼여성의 경우 정보수집 능력미약, 직업훈련이나 취업과 관련하여 동기부여가 중요하므로 등으로 응답하였다. 기혼여성은 직업훈련이나 취업과 관련하여 동기부여가 중요하므로, 정보수집 능력미약 등 서로 다른 응답을 하였다. 마지막으로 경력단절여성들은 경력개발 및 취업능력 향상을 지원하는 방안으로 훈련-보육-취업의 복지연계 서비스가 가장 필요하고 그 다음으로 자신감이나 적극성을 배울 수 있는 의식교육, 재직여성 직무능력향상 지원 등이 필요한 것으로 나타난다. 이러한 연구결과에서 알 수 있듯이 여성은 남성과 달리 자신이 속한 생애주기에 따라 직업과 관련하여 경력단절과 직업복귀 문제가 발생한다. 그리고 경력이 단절된 여성은 결혼, 출산, 양육, 나이에 대한 편견, 여성의 불안정한 고용 등의 장애요인으로 인해 노동시장의 재진입이 어렵다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이러한 경력단절의 문제는 기혼여성만이 아니라 미혼여성에게도 나타난다. 결국 여성의 노동주기에 따른 경력단절 현상에서 일어나는 욕구를 파악하고 이 욕구가 충분히 채워질 때 경력단절여성의 노동할 권리를 보장 받을 수 있을 것이다. 이는 곧 여성의 노동권 보장의 문제를 해결하는 것이기도 하다. 그러므로 우선 성인지적 관점에서 여성인적자원을 개발해야할 것이다. 한편 부산지역의 특성과 연령.계층.가족상황 등의 특성을 고려한 교육프로그램의 개발과 보급 및 지원이 필요하다. This study is researching working desire on woman wanting job among career interruption women in Busan and through this, provide basic material for searching supporting method to help career interruption women reacquiring job. As a result of this study employment needs of career interruption women, 88.9% of them want to have job and like part time rather than full time. Married women say that the reason they don't want to have job and like part time is children nurturing, so the reason is same to quit the job. But at the case of unmarried women the rate which they want part time job due to having their own time is most high. The job which career interruption women like to have is to work as expert and in office. The reason that career interruption women want to be employed is to maintain living, to contribute household economy and self-realization. And the attitude on work is also somewhat high. Married women replied differently one another such as disability of collecting information and helping selecting suited job because of importance of giving motive related with job training and having job. As I know in these research result, women different from men have career interruption and job returning problem related job according to life cycle they belong to. And career interruption women are difficult to reenter labor market because of obstruction factor such as marriage, delivering, nurturing, bias of age. These career interruption problem is occurred to unmarried women as well as married women. Therefore when I know the desire occurred in the phenomenon of career interruption according to women's labor cycle and this desire is filled, career interruption women's working right is guaranteed. This, therefore, also solve the problem of women's labor right. So most of all I should develop women resource at the respect of gender awareness. While, development, supply and support of various education program considering characteristic of Busan and age, level, family situation is needed.

해양쓰레기의 규제를 위한 국제적 노력의 동향

김선화(Sun-Hwa Kim) 한국해사법학회 2007 해사법연구 Vol.19 No.1

본 논문은 현재 전세계적으로 방대하게 발생하고 있는 해양쓰레기를 규제하기 위해 국제적으로 어떠한 노력을 하고 있는 지 살펴보는 것을 그 목적으로 하고 있다. 해양쓰레기는 한번 발생하면 해류나 바람에 따라 전 해양으로 이동하기 때문에 일국의 문제가 아닌 전세계 공동의 문제이다. 국제사회는 해양쓰레기의 발생을 경감, 통제, 방지하기 위해 여러 가지 노력을 하고 있지만 매년 발생하는 해양쓰레기의 양이 늘고 있고, 그에 따라 입는 피해가 증가하고 있기 때문에 더욱 문제가 심각하다고 할 수 있다. 국제사회가 본격적으로 해양쓰레기에 대한 문제의 심각성을 인식하기 시작한 것은 2000년대 들어오면서 부터라고 할 수 있다. 2005년 UN 총회에서는 결의 A/60/L.22를 통해 해양쓰레기 문제를 강조하였다. 그 외에도 IMO 등의 국제기구와 UNEP가 주관하고 있는 지역해프로그램에서도 해양쓰레기를 규제하기 위한 움직임이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 노력에도 불구하고 해양쓰레기에 의한 피해는 날로 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 UN, IMO 등을 통한 국제법적 규제 동향과 지역해 단위에서 운영되고 있는 현황을 살펴본다. 그리고 각 선진국 즉, 캐나다, 미국, 호주 등에서 국내적으로 이루어지고 있는 정책이나 법적 장치를 살펴보고, 우리나라가 앞으로 적용할 수 있는 접근방법을 도출해 보고자 한다. Marine litter currently poses a dire, vast and growing threat to the marine and coastal environment. Any persistent, manufactured or processed solid material disposed of or abandoned in the marine and coastal environment can be defined as marine litter. Marine litter is found in all sea areas of the world-not only in densely populated regions, but also in remote places far away from any obvious sources. Most marine litter consists of material that degrades slowly, so a continuous input of large quantities of these items results in a gradual build-up in the marine and coastal environment. Marine litter is an environmental, economic, health and aesthetic problem. It causes damage and death to wildlife. It threatens marine and coastal biological diversity in productive coastal areas. Recently, international attention is focusing more and more on the problem of marine litter and this is becoming an issue of local, national, regional and global concern. Even the General Assembly of UN did address the problem of marine litter through the UN Assembly Resolution A/60/L.22-Ocean and the Law of the Sea-in November 2005. Considering the wide range of sources of marine litter, measures to address the problem have to be equally comprehensive in their approach at the global, regional or national level. But the situation, globally as well as regionally, does not seem to be improving, despite actions taken globally, regionally and by a number of individual countries. Marine litter is increased every year and there is generally a lack of appropriate management of marine litter. The objectives of this study are to analyze the current legal regime for prevention of marine litter in global, regional, national level and to try to find the solution of marine litter problem in the North-East Sea.

마루야마의 ‘고층(古層)’의 해석을 둘러싼 비판적 연구

김선화(Kim, Sun Hwa) 동아시아일본학회 2014 일본문화연구 Vol.0 No.49

Whether positive or negative, the character of Maruyama’s thought is immobilized as the ‘modernist’ image. This study criticizes the conventional evaluation that Maruyama’s thought is ‘Modernism’, is overly simplified and reinterprets the complexity of Maruyama’s thought. At the same time, this study criticizes the retrograde interpretation that Maruyama’s revolutionary experiment for the creation of modern subject emphasized in his initial thought failed owing to the discovery of Japanese prototype called the ‘old substrata’ in later years. However, such an interpretation emphasizing non-possibility of the democratic revolution in Japan overlooks paradoxical methodology of the Maruyama’s thought. What Maruyama consistently insisted from the beginning is the paradoxical methodology in which the modern creation opportunity comes from Japanese nature. When we apply such a methodology to the theory of old substrata, we can prove that democratic revolution never fails by theoretical discovery of old substrata. On the contrary, we can derive a conclusion that the time for revolution and relief exists only in such old substrata’s time. This study sheds light on the old substrata’s time of Maruyama through analogical inference of messianic time of Benjamin.