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金錫俊 부산대학교 사회과학대학 1985 社會科學論叢 Vol.4 No.1
The purpose of this study is to analyze the class structure in Pusan City considering its rapid urbanization. In this study, the class structure in Pusan City is classified into three classes - capitalist, petty bourgeoisie, working class. Then, the proportion of each class and its change in class structure is presented by analysing census and economically active population data. The main findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the proportion of the capitalist in the class structure in Pusan City has gradually decreased since in 1966. The proportion of the petty bourgeoisie had fluctuated but has gradually increased ; that of the working class has decreased since in 1980. Second, working class occupies relatively large proportion in Pusan City compared with other cities in Korea. Furthermore, the proportion of the productive laborers in this working class is very large, while that of the salary-men is relatively small. Third, the proportion of urban petty bourgeoisie has increased absolutely and relatively since in 1980, even if the degree of increase in not very large. This interesting phenomenon is contrasted with the result of the other study. In this study, besides such a rough analysis of the class structure in Pusan city, explanations about the inner composition of each class, their socio-economic conditions and interrelations between classes/strata are attempted very tentatively. By the way, this study in itself cannot go beyond a preliminary approach, so it needs to be supplemented by more theoretical/empirical researches.
South Korea's Embrace of Good Donorship Norms: The Bureaucratic Process of Norm Translation
김석준,CONNOLLY DANIEL PHILLIP 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 2020 Pacific Focus Vol.35 No.2
How and when do international norms shape or fail to shape a state's behaviors? This paper examines how and why South Korea decided to accede to the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development's (OECD) Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in 2008. Specifically, we examine the political infighting that shaped the timing and implementation of the decision. Our study highlights what we term a “bureaucratic norm contestation process” whereby government agencies independently select norms to promote based on their organizational interests and engage in intra‐governmental debates as they competitively attempt to “sell” their choice to decision‐makers. In the case of South Korea, this aggressive reinterpretation of norms, in conjunction with pushback by rival bureaucratic agencies, has contributed to two translations of the norm. The first translation was a discursive shift of the language of donorship away from a focus on humanitarian duty and towards status enhancement. The second translation occurred at the level of practice, as rival bureaucracies tried to implement their unique vision of Korea's success story. This study illustrates that norm diffusion is not a unidirectional flow of ideas from the center to the periphery of the international system but a process of contested coproduction that includes local actors.