1920년대 통영지역 청년운동과 ‘김기정 징토운동’

김상환(Kim, Sang-Hwan) 부산경남사학회 2014 역사와 경계 Vol.91 No.-

본 논문은 3.1운동 이후 통영청년단을 비롯한 청년운동의 발전과정을 살펴보고, 그 과정에서 나타난 ‘김기정 징토운동’이 통영지역에서 항일운동으로까지 전화되어가는 과정을 검토해보았다. 1919년 7월 창립된 통영청년단은 지역사회운동과 항일운동의 중심이었다. 통영청년단의 멤버들은 다수의 다른 청년단체에 복수의 멤버십으로 가담하기도 했으며, 시대의 조류와 중앙의 청년단체들의 변화에 부응하면서 발전해 갔다. 즉 1925년에는 통영지역에도 ‘정의단’, ‘거화동맹’, ‘안우회’, ‘사과실탄티’ 같은 사상단체도 만들어 지고, 청년조직들도 청년동맹으로 변화되어 가기도 했던 것이다. 김기정 사건에서도 이들은 함께 ‘민정회’를 출범시켜 한시적인 임무수행을 위해 ‘특별위원회’의 위상을 부여하였다. 각 청년조직들이 이렇게 별도의 조직을 만들어가면서 개별단체들이 한계를 극복해 나갔다. 김기정 징토운동은 경상남도 도 평의회에서의 김기정의 발언이 단초가 되었고, 통영 사상단체의 효시인 ‘정의단’에서 활동한 김원석의 징토문 살포로 촉발되었다. 게다가 경찰 출신자들의 모임이자 친일 단체인 ‘삼구회’라는 친일조직에 대한 통영민들의 반감으로 항일의식은 더욱 고취되었다. 김원석의 전격구속에 이은 3월 25일의 보고대회가 진행되어 김기정에 대한 징토운동운동이 확산되어가는 시점에 김기정이 관선 도 평의원으로 재임 된다든지, 5월 9일 앞의 보고대회 집행위원 11인을 추가 구속함으로써 사건은 증폭되었다. 3월 15일부터 시작된 이 운동은 동년 5월 15일까지 두 차례에 걸쳐 도합 33인이 구속되고 김기정이 공직에서 사퇴함으로 마무리 되었다. 이 운동을 주도한 것은 ‘통영청년단’을 비롯한 지역의 청년조직이었다. 이 운동이 두 달 동안 지속되어 목적을 달성할 수 있었던 것은 전적으로 통영지역민의 일치단결된 항일의식과 민족반역자에 대한 분노였다. 통영지역의 김기정 징토운동은 지역을 넘어 전국으로, 해외로까지 알려져 일제의 식민지 지배정책 가운데 내선일체에 대한 허구를 공격하고, 부일협력자에 대한 경종을 울려주었다. This thesis examines Tongyeong Youth Union as well as the youth’s movement after the 3·1 Independence Movement. Also, the thesis has identified the process in which the ‘Punish-Movement Ki-jeong Kim’ has evolved into an anti-Japanese movement. The Tongyeong Youth Union which was established in July 1919, was the center of the regional society movement and the anti-Japanese movement. The members of Tongyeong Youth Union participated simultaneously in other numerous youth associations and continued developing after adapting to and fulfilling the changes which the central youth organizations underwent with the tides of the times. In other words, an organization advocating a particular system of ideology emerged in Tongyeong 1925, such as ‘Jeongeuidan’, ‘Geohwa-alliance’, ‘Ahnwoohwae’, ‘Sagwasiltanti’ and other organizations. Moreover, youth organizations transformed into youth alliances. Also in the ‘Ki-jeong Kim Incident’, the youths established the ‘Minjeonghwae’ and for carrying out temporary duties, they also appointed the status of special commission. Each and every youth organization established these separate organizations, which supported independent organizations to overcome limits. The ‘Punish-Movement Ki-jeong Kim’ was triggered by Won-seok Kim (an individual who had participated in the ‘Jeongeuidan (the first ideology organization in Tongyeong))’s Punish-Movement and also by Ki-jeong Kim’s remark during the Gyeongsangnam-do provincial council. Furthermore, the pro-Japanese organization ‘Samgoohwae’, consisting of personnel with backgrounds as policemen and in pro-Japanese organization, had forced the people of Tongyeong to foster a sense of rebellion towards the Japanese during this organization’s development. Following the imprisonment of Won-seok Kim, a briefing conference had been held on the 25th of March when ‘Punish-Movement Ki-jeong Kim’ was expanding. This period marked a point when Ki-jeong Kim was to be repositioned for office by the government as a provincial councillor, and marked the amplification of the incidence when 11 more member of the executive committee (briefing conference) were imprisoned on the 9th of May. This movement, which started on the 15th of March, resulted in 33 total individuals being imprisoned until the 15th of May and ended with Ki-jeong Kim’s resignation from public office. Those who led this movement were nonetheless, the Tongyeong Youth Union and the region’s youth organizations. The reasons as to how this movement continued for two months were down to the unanimity of Tongyeong residents’ anti-Japanese sentiment and the rage felt towards traitors. The ‘Punish-Movement Ki-jeong Kim’ of the Tongyeong region spread across the nation to overseas, which attached the fabrication of the ‘Naeseon Ilche (‘Korea and Japan are One’ policy) which was part of Japan’s policy of domination. Lastly, it sounded the alarm for those who acted for the Japanese domination over Korea; traitors.

간찰을 통해 본 扶安金氏家의 교유관계 : 陶菴 李?가 醉醒堂 金守宗에게 보낸 親筆 簡札을 중심으로

김상환(Kim Sang-hwan) 한국학중앙연구원 2004 장서각 Vol.- No.12

Ganchal (簡札, handwritten letters) was one of the most widely used forms of written communication by which the men of old could exchange information among themselves. The form and substance of ganchal differed according to the relationship between the sender and the recipient. Studies on ganchal are stagnant because ganchal is not only hard to understand but illegible in most cases due to the difficulty in understanding the writing style in cursive (草書) or semi-cursive (行書) script. This paper analyzes the contents and the characteristics on ganchal which was sent by Lee Jae (李縡, 1680~1746, pen name of Doam 陶菴) to Kim Soo-Jong (金守宗, 1671~1736, pen name of Chwiseongdang 醉醒堂) and has been handed down within the Buan Kim family since then. this study shows the aspects of their companionship. Lee Jae is from Woobong Lee clan (牛峯李氏) and Kim Soo-Jong is from Buan Kim clan (扶安金氏). They were closely related to each other because the two families were connected through marriage in that the mother of Kim Soo-Jong was a daughter of Lee Man-Hee (李晩熙) from the Woobong Lee clan. Of the 50 ganchal sent to Kim Soo-Jong by Lee Jae, 19 included in the book entitled Gancheop (間帖, Collection of Ganchal) and 31 in Doam sudok (陶菴手牘, Handwritten Letters by Doam) have been handed down to date. These 50 ganchal were not included in the Doamjip (陶菴集, Collection of Doam's Works) at all, and Kim Soo-Jong's works were not published in the form of a book in his life time, much less posthumously. However, the ganchal with which literary men like Lee Jae and the family of Kim Soo-Jong corresponded are very valuable materials to Buan Kim clan, resulting in the publication of collected works. Gandok (簡牘, Printed Version of Ganchal from Doam and Other Scholars) is one book divided into three chapters with 116 ganchal sent by 44 people. The third chapter includes 28 ganchal sent by Lee Jae sent to Kim Soo-Jong. Lee Jae, a scholar in the late Joseon dynasty period (朝鮮), was an outstanding scholar in calligraphy. The characteristics of the 50 ganchal which he sent to Kim Soo-Jong are as below: First, ganchal written by his own hand with which he corresponded with Kim Soo-Jong for 41 years from 1701 to 1742. Second, Lee Jae lived in Seoul, Injae (麟蹄) in Gangwon Province, and then Hwajeon (花田) in Goyang, etc, and Kim Soo-Jong lived in Wooban-dong in Buan. Third, ganchal was not sent or received from Doam when Kim Soo-Jong was involved in the Musin Rebellion (戊申亂) of 1728 and suffered hardships. This seems to be due to his attempt to avoid any suspicion of being linked to the rebellion. Fourth, the content of the ganchal varied, ranging from asking after the welfare of the recipient as well as the daily activities in purchasing and management of the farm. Due to the fact that the Woobong Lee clan and the Buan Kim clan were related by marriage, not only Lee Jae but four generations from his grandfather, Lee Suk (李?, 1626~1688), and his father's older brother, Lee Man-Sung (李晩成, 1659~1722), to his son, Lee Jae-Won (李濟遠), and a niece of collateral family corresponded with each other. The contents of ganchal are various as follows ① asking after the welfare; ② sending of condolences; ③ sending of gifts or expressing gratitude for gift and warm friendship; ④ introducing his friend who was being exiled and asking for adequate arrangements for him; ⑤ sending of congratulations and admonitions; ⑥ entrusting of household affairs; ⑦ writer's recent state of affairs. The contents of ganchal, however, did not contain scholarly attainments, moral cultivation, opinions on the current state of politics. Through ganchal, the scholars of old kept in touch with each other by exchanging news of neighboring families, relatives, friends, and the government. If we analyze ganchal in conjunction with other documentary records, ganchal can become a valuable foundation for understanding matters that cannot be clearly understood through other material

조선후기 공노비 (公奴婢)의 신분변동 - 17 , 8 세기 단성현 (丹城縣) 호적대장을 중심으로 -

김상환(Sang Hwan Kim) 경북사학회 1989 복현사림 Vol.12 No.1

N/A

지반조건과 신발의 종류에 따른 족저압 분포

김상환(Kim, Sang-Hwan),이혜윤(Lee, Hye-Yoon),김연덕(Kim, Yeon-Deok) 한국산학기술학회 2015 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.4

본 논문은 지반 조건에 따른 족저압의 압력분포에 대한 연구이다. 실내화, 실외화, 걷기화, 운동화의 네 가지 카테고리 의 신발이 본 연구에 사용되었으며, 260mm(유럽 코드 EU40)를 착용하는 45명의 20대 남성을 대상으로 콘크리트, 모래 지반 에서의 실험을 실시하였다. 보행 시 응력과 압력의 측정은 Techstorm사의 Insole System을 사용하여 측정하였으며 발의 발가 락, 전족, 중족, 후족 네 가지 영역에서 족저압을 측정하였다. 연구 결과 신발과 지반 조건에 따라 다른 응력 및 압력의 분포를 나타냈으며 본 연구 결과는 모래 지반에서 착용 가능한 신발의 개발에 유용하게 사용될 것으로 기대된다. This paper presents is a study on the pressure distribution families low in response to ground conditions. Indoor shoes, outdoor shoes, working shoes, are four categories of shoes sports shoes, has been used in the present study, Concrete to target men in their 20s of 45people wearing the 260mm(Euro Code EU40), the experiments were carried out in the sand ground. Measurement of stress and pressure at the time of walking, Techstorm company Insole System the measured toe of the foot using, foot binding, was the metatarsal, the low pressure come from Fujoku four areas measured. Depending on the shoes and ground conditions findings, the results of this study represents the distribution of other stress and pressure, is expected to be useful in the development of a wearable shoe sand soil

허혈-재관류 손상 후 흰쥐 간세포 생존능의 평가

박상환(Sang-Hwan Park),윤성수(Sung-Su Yun),이동식(Dong-Shik Lee),김홍진(Hong-Jin Kim),최준혁(Joon-Hyuk Choi),김종연(Jong-Yeon Kim) 대한외과학회 2007 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.73 No.1

Purpose: Liver cell damage after ischemia and reperfusion injury has been a major cause of death after liver surgery. Yet there have been no exact and practical guidelines for assessing liver cell damage after ischemia and reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to estimate the liver cell viability after ischemia and reperfusion injury. Methods: A 70% partial liver occlusion model with employing Spraque Dawley Rats was used. The ATP content of the liver tissue, the palmitic acid metabolic rate and the histologic change (H/E, TUNEL stain) were all measured at 30 minute intervals to assess liver cell viability during 120 minutes of ischemia. At 24 hours reperfusion after 30, 60 and 120 minutes ischemia, the same parameters and the AST/ALT level in the blood were measured. Results: The ATP content was decreased below 20% compared to normal liver after ischemia, but there were no significant changes in the histology and the palmitic acid metabolic rate during 120 minutes ischemia. At 24 hours reperfusion after 30, 60 and 120 minutes ischemia, the ATP content was decreased to around 50% in all the groups and the palmitic acid metabolic rate was decreased 90.9±2.4%, 80.0±5.3% and 79.1±7.7%, respectively, compared to the control liver. But histologic change was not as great as the change in the ATP content and the palmitic acid metabolic rate. Conclusion: Judging by these results, liver has relatively good tolerance during ischemia, but after reperfusion, the liver showed damage depending on the duration of ischemia. This study might be very helpful as a guide line of liver damage after ischemia and reperfusion in both clinical practice and basic research.

얕은 기초 형상과 위치에 따른 터널 거동에 대한 연구

김상환(Kim Sang Hwan),김명식(Kim Myeong Sik),김진대(Kim Jin Dae) 대한토목학회 2010 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.10

경상남도 3·1운동의 전개양상과 특징

김상환 ( Kim Sang-hwan ) 부경역사연구소 2011 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.29

Regarding the chacteristics found from the development of 3ㆍ1 Movement in Gyeongnam, first of all, it was developed quite later than others but fiercer than in other regions. And it was often raised several or even tens of times in succession in one place. Especially in the places like Haman, Hadong, Changwon, Jinju, or Gimhae, hurray demonstrations occurred over 10 times in a row. Second, the demonstrating or fighting aspects show the following features. In the western inland area such as Haman, Hapcheon, or Jinju, restraining force caused even severer large-scale violent demonstrations based on regional solidarity whereas in the southeastern coastal area like Busan, Dongrae, Milyang, or Gimhae, large-scale agriculural area, or commercial center like Changmyeong-gun or Yeongsan, the demonstrations are characterized as small-scaled peaceful ones centering around students and teachers. It seems that this is related with the problems like the scale of Japanese invasion or capacity concentration of the restraining force. Third, the features found from the aspects of initiative demonstration force are as follows. In general, 3ㆍ1 Movement centered around farmers, students, Christians, and laborers. However, the participation of Buddhistic force or Yurim force is also noteworthy. In other words, Buddhistic force included Dongrae’s Beomeo-sa(梵魚寺), Hapcheon’s Haein-sa(海印寺), and Milyang’s Pyochung-sa(表忠寺) while in Haman area along with Hapcheon and Seongju, Milyang in Gyeongbuk, Yurims played initiative roles, too. Also, in Gyeongnam, Korean officers of Gun/Myeon (郡面) showed quiteactive participation as well.

Shield-TBM 터널 굴진 시 막장에 작용하는 응력 전달 메커니즘에 대한 연구

김상환(Sang -Hwan Kim),김원경(Won - Kyung Kim):이혜윤(Hye-Yoon Lee) 호서대학교 공업기술연구소 2013 공업기술연구 논문집 Vol.32 No.1

본 연구는 Shield-TBM 면판의 구조적 안정성과 굴진 시 회전속도에 따른 터널 막장에 가해지는 응력 전이 메커니즘을 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 이 연구를 수행하기 위하여 실내모형실험을 실시하였다. 모형 Shield TBM 면판의 회전속도를 2RPM, 4RPM으로 설정하여 굴진 시와 정지 시의 막장 응력상태를 측정하고 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 회전속도가 증가할수록 터널 전반부에 가해지는 응력분포는 변화되었으며, 면판의 중앙에 응력이 집중되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 Cutter Head의 응력 변화에 대한 기초적 메커니즘은 향후 Shield-TBM의 Operation parameter 선정 시 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이라 판단되며,지반 조건에 적합한 TBM 면판의 설계 개발에 활용될 것으로 기대된다. This paper presents stress transfer mechanism on tunnel iace and structural stability of Shield-TBM Cutter Head according to rotational speed during shield tunnelling. In order to perform tm s study, the small scale model tests were conducted. The RPM of Cutter Head(Disc Cutter, Cutter Bit) set up 2RPM, 4RPM. The stresses acting on the tunnel face are measured and analyzed. It is found th a t the stress acting on the tunnel face is increased and concentrated in the center of the cutter head with increasing the rotational speed. This stress transfer mechanism developed at the tunnel face during shield tunnelling is very useful information to design and develop the TBM cutter head especially spoke of machine.

박동환의 3표론과 현대 차이의 철학

김상환 ( Sang Hwan Kim ) 연세대학교 인문학연구원 2011 人文科學 Vol.93 No.-

데카르트의 정념론과 그 이후

김상환 ( Sang Hwan KIM ) 한국기호학회 2010 기호학연구 Vol.28 No.-

This paper is composed of two parts. In the first part, I analyze and expose main themes of Descartes` Passions of Soul(1649) to make clear originalities and inner limits of the Cartesian problematics of passions in a historical perspective: main themes such as status given to theoretical elaboration on passions in Cartesian system, problem concerning how to define and classify passions, significant value accorded to inner emotion and generosity in Cartesian moral. In the second part, I try to reveal singular points around which Cartesian conception of passions is transformed and succeeded by post Cartesian philosophers such as Hobbes, Spinoza, and Kant, my principal argument being that not only Spinoza`s idea of amor intellectualis Dei, but also Kant`s notions of respect for moral law and the sublime, which play decisive role respectively in his second and third critics, is to be understood as historico logical consequences of Cartesian idea of inner emotion.