간찰을 통해 본 扶安金氏家의 교유관계 : 陶菴 李?가 醉醒堂 金守宗에게 보낸 親筆 簡札을 중심으로

김상환(Kim Sang-hwan) 한국학중앙연구원 2004 장서각 Vol.- No.12

Ganchal (簡札, handwritten letters) was one of the most widely used forms of written communication by which the men of old could exchange information among themselves. The form and substance of ganchal differed according to the relationship between the sender and the recipient. Studies on ganchal are stagnant because ganchal is not only hard to understand but illegible in most cases due to the difficulty in understanding the writing style in cursive (草書) or semi-cursive (行書) script. This paper analyzes the contents and the characteristics on ganchal which was sent by Lee Jae (李縡, 1680~1746, pen name of Doam 陶菴) to Kim Soo-Jong (金守宗, 1671~1736, pen name of Chwiseongdang 醉醒堂) and has been handed down within the Buan Kim family since then. this study shows the aspects of their companionship. Lee Jae is from Woobong Lee clan (牛峯李氏) and Kim Soo-Jong is from Buan Kim clan (扶安金氏). They were closely related to each other because the two families were connected through marriage in that the mother of Kim Soo-Jong was a daughter of Lee Man-Hee (李晩熙) from the Woobong Lee clan. Of the 50 ganchal sent to Kim Soo-Jong by Lee Jae, 19 included in the book entitled Gancheop (間帖, Collection of Ganchal) and 31 in Doam sudok (陶菴手牘, Handwritten Letters by Doam) have been handed down to date. These 50 ganchal were not included in the Doamjip (陶菴集, Collection of Doam's Works) at all, and Kim Soo-Jong's works were not published in the form of a book in his life time, much less posthumously. However, the ganchal with which literary men like Lee Jae and the family of Kim Soo-Jong corresponded are very valuable materials to Buan Kim clan, resulting in the publication of collected works. Gandok (簡牘, Printed Version of Ganchal from Doam and Other Scholars) is one book divided into three chapters with 116 ganchal sent by 44 people. The third chapter includes 28 ganchal sent by Lee Jae sent to Kim Soo-Jong. Lee Jae, a scholar in the late Joseon dynasty period (朝鮮), was an outstanding scholar in calligraphy. The characteristics of the 50 ganchal which he sent to Kim Soo-Jong are as below: First, ganchal written by his own hand with which he corresponded with Kim Soo-Jong for 41 years from 1701 to 1742. Second, Lee Jae lived in Seoul, Injae (麟蹄) in Gangwon Province, and then Hwajeon (花田) in Goyang, etc, and Kim Soo-Jong lived in Wooban-dong in Buan. Third, ganchal was not sent or received from Doam when Kim Soo-Jong was involved in the Musin Rebellion (戊申亂) of 1728 and suffered hardships. This seems to be due to his attempt to avoid any suspicion of being linked to the rebellion. Fourth, the content of the ganchal varied, ranging from asking after the welfare of the recipient as well as the daily activities in purchasing and management of the farm. Due to the fact that the Woobong Lee clan and the Buan Kim clan were related by marriage, not only Lee Jae but four generations from his grandfather, Lee Suk (李?, 1626~1688), and his father's older brother, Lee Man-Sung (李晩成, 1659~1722), to his son, Lee Jae-Won (李濟遠), and a niece of collateral family corresponded with each other. The contents of ganchal are various as follows ① asking after the welfare; ② sending of condolences; ③ sending of gifts or expressing gratitude for gift and warm friendship; ④ introducing his friend who was being exiled and asking for adequate arrangements for him; ⑤ sending of congratulations and admonitions; ⑥ entrusting of household affairs; ⑦ writer's recent state of affairs. The contents of ganchal, however, did not contain scholarly attainments, moral cultivation, opinions on the current state of politics. Through ganchal, the scholars of old kept in touch with each other by exchanging news of neighboring families, relatives, friends, and the government. If we analyze ganchal in conjunction with other documentary records, ganchal can become a valuable foundation for understanding matters that cannot be clearly understood through other material

1920년대 통영지역 청년운동과 ‘김기정 징토운동’

김상환(Kim, Sang-Hwan) 부산경남사학회 2014 역사와 경계 Vol.91 No.-

본 논문은 3.1운동 이후 통영청년단을 비롯한 청년운동의 발전과정을 살펴보고, 그 과정에서 나타난 ‘김기정 징토운동’이 통영지역에서 항일운동으로까지 전화되어가는 과정을 검토해보았다. 1919년 7월 창립된 통영청년단은 지역사회운동과 항일운동의 중심이었다. 통영청년단의 멤버들은 다수의 다른 청년단체에 복수의 멤버십으로 가담하기도 했으며, 시대의 조류와 중앙의 청년단체들의 변화에 부응하면서 발전해 갔다. 즉 1925년에는 통영지역에도 ‘정의단’, ‘거화동맹’, ‘안우회’, ‘사과실탄티’ 같은 사상단체도 만들어 지고, 청년조직들도 청년동맹으로 변화되어 가기도 했던 것이다. 김기정 사건에서도 이들은 함께 ‘민정회’를 출범시켜 한시적인 임무수행을 위해 ‘특별위원회’의 위상을 부여하였다. 각 청년조직들이 이렇게 별도의 조직을 만들어가면서 개별단체들이 한계를 극복해 나갔다. 김기정 징토운동은 경상남도 도 평의회에서의 김기정의 발언이 단초가 되었고, 통영 사상단체의 효시인 ‘정의단’에서 활동한 김원석의 징토문 살포로 촉발되었다. 게다가 경찰 출신자들의 모임이자 친일 단체인 ‘삼구회’라는 친일조직에 대한 통영민들의 반감으로 항일의식은 더욱 고취되었다. 김원석의 전격구속에 이은 3월 25일의 보고대회가 진행되어 김기정에 대한 징토운동운동이 확산되어가는 시점에 김기정이 관선 도 평의원으로 재임 된다든지, 5월 9일 앞의 보고대회 집행위원 11인을 추가 구속함으로써 사건은 증폭되었다. 3월 15일부터 시작된 이 운동은 동년 5월 15일까지 두 차례에 걸쳐 도합 33인이 구속되고 김기정이 공직에서 사퇴함으로 마무리 되었다. 이 운동을 주도한 것은 ‘통영청년단’을 비롯한 지역의 청년조직이었다. 이 운동이 두 달 동안 지속되어 목적을 달성할 수 있었던 것은 전적으로 통영지역민의 일치단결된 항일의식과 민족반역자에 대한 분노였다. 통영지역의 김기정 징토운동은 지역을 넘어 전국으로, 해외로까지 알려져 일제의 식민지 지배정책 가운데 내선일체에 대한 허구를 공격하고, 부일협력자에 대한 경종을 울려주었다. This thesis examines Tongyeong Youth Union as well as the youth’s movement after the 3·1 Independence Movement. Also, the thesis has identified the process in which the ‘Punish-Movement Ki-jeong Kim’ has evolved into an anti-Japanese movement. The Tongyeong Youth Union which was established in July 1919, was the center of the regional society movement and the anti-Japanese movement. The members of Tongyeong Youth Union participated simultaneously in other numerous youth associations and continued developing after adapting to and fulfilling the changes which the central youth organizations underwent with the tides of the times. In other words, an organization advocating a particular system of ideology emerged in Tongyeong 1925, such as ‘Jeongeuidan’, ‘Geohwa-alliance’, ‘Ahnwoohwae’, ‘Sagwasiltanti’ and other organizations. Moreover, youth organizations transformed into youth alliances. Also in the ‘Ki-jeong Kim Incident’, the youths established the ‘Minjeonghwae’ and for carrying out temporary duties, they also appointed the status of special commission. Each and every youth organization established these separate organizations, which supported independent organizations to overcome limits. The ‘Punish-Movement Ki-jeong Kim’ was triggered by Won-seok Kim (an individual who had participated in the ‘Jeongeuidan (the first ideology organization in Tongyeong))’s Punish-Movement and also by Ki-jeong Kim’s remark during the Gyeongsangnam-do provincial council. Furthermore, the pro-Japanese organization ‘Samgoohwae’, consisting of personnel with backgrounds as policemen and in pro-Japanese organization, had forced the people of Tongyeong to foster a sense of rebellion towards the Japanese during this organization’s development. Following the imprisonment of Won-seok Kim, a briefing conference had been held on the 25th of March when ‘Punish-Movement Ki-jeong Kim’ was expanding. This period marked a point when Ki-jeong Kim was to be repositioned for office by the government as a provincial councillor, and marked the amplification of the incidence when 11 more member of the executive committee (briefing conference) were imprisoned on the 9th of May. This movement, which started on the 15th of March, resulted in 33 total individuals being imprisoned until the 15th of May and ended with Ki-jeong Kim’s resignation from public office. Those who led this movement were nonetheless, the Tongyeong Youth Union and the region’s youth organizations. The reasons as to how this movement continued for two months were down to the unanimity of Tongyeong residents’ anti-Japanese sentiment and the rage felt towards traitors. The ‘Punish-Movement Ki-jeong Kim’ of the Tongyeong region spread across the nation to overseas, which attached the fabrication of the ‘Naeseon Ilche (‘Korea and Japan are One’ policy) which was part of Japan’s policy of domination. Lastly, it sounded the alarm for those who acted for the Japanese domination over Korea; traitors.

박동환의 3표론과 현대 차이의 철학

김상환 ( Sang Hwan Kim ) 연세대학교 인문학연구원 2011 人文科學 Vol.93 No.-

헤겔의 ‘불행한 의식’과 인문적 주체의 역설

김상환(Kim, Sang-Hwan) 서울대학교 철학사상연구소 2010 철학사상 Vol.36 No.-

헤겔의 『정신현상학』에서 ?자기의식?장(4장)에 등장하는 노예와 불행한 의식은 이후에 태어나는 모든 형태의 자기의식에 대하여 발생적 원형이자 역사적 뿌리에 해당한다. 특히 정신적 실재(공동체 정신)를 예감하는 자기의식이라는 점에서 불행한 의식은 ?이성?장(5장)에 등장하는 성실한 의식뿐만 아니라 ?정신?장(6장)에 등장하는 아름다운 영혼과도 어떤 반복관계에 있다. 이 세 주체가 서로 다른 시대를 사는 동일한 영혼이라는 전제에서 출발하여 불행한 의식의 변증법을 현대적인 감각에서 다시 읽는 것이 이 논문의 목표이다. 성실한 의식과 아름다운 영혼은 근대 인문주의자(낭만주의시대의 지식인)를 구현하는 위치에 있으므로, 불행한 의식을 인문적 주체의 원시 형태로 간주할 수 있는 가능성을 찾고, 그런 가능성 안에서 인문적 주체의 본질적인 역설을 설명하는 데 이런 재해석의 주안점이 놓일 것이다. 인문적 주체의 역설은 철저히 개인주의적이고 비-사회적인 가운데 이상적인 사회의 이념을 잉태하고, 최고 선을 의지하면서 최고 악을 범하며, 도착적 공격성의 주체이면서 건강한 공동체 정신의 수호자라는 데 있다. Reading Hegel’s Phenomenology of the Spirit, repetition or the existence of a parallelism can be found between three figures of the subject: Unhappy Consciousness who appears in Chapter IV; Honest Consciousness who is described in Chapter V; and Beautiful Soul who is exposed in Chapter VI. Parallel with one another in their common role of calling Spirit into existence, they are the same subject but live in three different ages. Under this presupposition, I will reread the dialectic of Unhappy Consciousness in a retrospective manner starting from the dialectics of Honest Consciousness and Beautiful Soul, dialectics which reflect the world of the intellectuals before and after German Romanticism. In this reading of Hegelian text, I will try to justify the possibility of regarding Unhappy Consciousness as a primitive type of modern humanistic subject, and to explain in this possibility certain paradoxes that are proper to humanistic thinking: as an extremely egoistic and non-social being, this arrives at inventing the idea of perfect society; intending the highest good, it falls into evil ways; suffering a symptom of perverse aggression, it becomes a guardian of a healthy communal spirit.

데리다의 CsO론: 들뢰즈 비판을 위한 입론

김상환 ( Sang Hwan Kim ) 영미문학연구회 2006 안과 밖 Vol.0 No.21

시장금리의 은행금리 전가에 관한 연구

김상환 ( Sang Whan Kim ) 한국경제통상학회(구 한국경상학회,한국국민경제학회) 2015 경제연구 Vol.33 No.1

본 연구는 화폐시장금리의 은행금리에 대한 전가과정(pass-through)을 패널 오차수정모형을 이용하여 실증적으로 분석하였다. 장기 전가율 분석 결과 시장금리 변화가 대출금리에 장기적으로 100% 반영되는 것으로 나타난 반면 예금금리에는 70% 정도만 전가되는 것으로 나타났다. 통제변수로 거시경제변수를 추가해도 장기 전가율에는 거의 변화가 없었다. 그러나 은행경영지표를 통제변수로 추가할 경우에는 대출금리의 장기 전가율은 80%로 하락한 반면 예금금리의 장기 전가율은 90%로 상승하였다. 은행금리가 균형으로 회복되는 속도와 방향을 측정하는 오차수정 계수는 대출금리와 예금금리 모두 매우 유의적인 음의 값을 나타내어 은행금리의 불균형부분이 다음기의 은행금리에 올바른 방향으로 수정되어 반영되는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 단기 전가율의 경우 당기의 시장금리는 은행금리에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않지만 전기의 시장금리는 매우 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 은행금리가 시장금리변화에 대해 시차를 두고 반응함을 시사한다. This paper deals with the relationship between a money market rate and banks’ interest rates in Korea by empirically examining the pass-through that is defined as the degree and the speed of adjustment of interest rates to money market rate. Long-run pass-through has been confirmed to be complete in bank loan rates. On the other hand, about 70% of a change in the money market rate is estimated to be transmitted to deposit rates. Error-correction coefficients, which measure the speed and direction of bank rates’ convergence to the equilibrium, are significantly negative. Negative error-correction term implies that the divergent bank rates are correctly adjusted to equilibrium levels. As for the short-rum pass-through, the effect of the current period’s market rate on bank rates is not significant. But the previous period’s market rate is estimated to be very significant, which implies the existence of time-lag in the pass-through on banks rates.

EPB Shield TBM의 스크루 컨베이어 시스템에 관한 실험적 연구

김상환,김진대,박인준,Kim, Sang-Hwan,Kim, Jin-Dae,Park, Inn-Joon 한국터널지하공간학회 2011 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.13 No.6

본 논문에서는 EPB Shield TBM장비에서 사용되는 체임버 내의 토압을 제어하고 막장의 안전을 유지하는 버력처리시스템인 스크루 컨베이어를 축소 제작하여 실내모형 실험을 실시하였다. 본 실내모형 실험에서 고려한 실험조건은 스크루 각도, 스크루 피치간격 및 스크루 회전수 등이며, 조건별 시험결과인 단위시간당 버력량을 비교 분석 하여 버력처리시스템이 최적의 성능을 발휘 할 수 있는 조건을 제시하였다. 최종적으로, 본 실험결과로부터 버력이 역류하지 않는 최적의 스크루 각도, 스크루 회전수 그리고 스크루 간격 조건을 도출할 수 있었다. The screw conveyor system installed in EPB Shield TBM chamber was manufactured in small scale for pilot test to investigate the tunnel muck hauling system that could control the earth pressure and support face thrust force. In this experimental study, there were three different test conditions that include screw angles, screw pitch, and screw RPM. Through analysis on test results based on the muck hauling amount per unit time from screw conveyor, the optimum conditions of screw conveyor were proposed to be efficiently performed by the muck processing system. Finally, this study provided the meaningful results such as optimum screw angle, screw RPM, and screw pitch for anti-reverse flow of muck hauling.

배달형 소형점포의 고객분석모형 개발 사례

김상환(Sang-Hwan KIM),이청호(Cheong-Ho LEE) 조선대학교 지식경영연구원 2010 기업과 혁신연구 Vol.3 No.1

본 연구는 치킨점 프랜차이즈를 운영하고 있는 B사 배달형 소형점포의 고객관리 사례를 제시한다. 배달형 치킨 매장은 대부분 소규모 점포를 운영하고 있어서 홍보와 판매촉진 전략을 수행하는데 어려움이 많다. 또한 배달형 소형 가맹점들은 몇몇의 대규모 프랜차이즈 업체를 제외하고는 현재까지도 영세성을 면치 못하고 있는 실정이다. 일반적으로 창업 이후의 서비스업의 매출은 고객분석을 통한 마케팅 홍보가 매출을 좌우한다고 해도 과언이 아닐 정도로 고객 분석은 중요한 부분이다. 그 중에서도 인근지역 주민을 대상으로 하는 배달형 소형점포의 경우는 더욱 그렇다. 따라서 본 연구는 배달형 소형 점포를 가맹점으로 두고 있는 B사의 가맹점 고객관리 전략을 검토하고, B사가 세계 프랜차이즈 업계 최초로 사용하기 시작한 GMS 고객관리 모형의 활용 사례를 제시한다. B사의 GMS 모형은 배달형 소형점포들이 보다 정밀한 고객 분석과 고객 분석을 통해 고객별 맞춤 마케팅 전략을 수립할 수 있도록 정보를 제공해줄 것이다. This paper aims at discussing the customer analysis model of Genesis BBQ, a korean chicken franchise company. Food service industry has continuously grown up in korea. However, Small sized delivery chains are in face of many difficulties in spite of this growing market situation. It is hard for small sized delivery chain to maintain successful marketing activity without precisely analysing market and customer. To support its franchisee, Genesis BBQ developed new customer analysis model which is called GMS(Genesis Marketing Strategy). We discuss this difficulties of marketing for small sized chains in some more detail. We, then, introduce GMS model for analysing customers of individual delivery chain. Finally, we propose a application case of the GMS model to demonstrate validity of the model customized by BBQ.

주식시장간 상관계수의 시간불변성에 대한 검증

김상환 ( Sang Whan Kim ) 한국금융연구원 2011 금융연구 Vol.25 No.1

Knowledge about movements of correlation has important implications for econometric modeling and the empirical study of financial issues. In Bollerslev (1990), the constant correlation assumption allows a simple parameterization of the conditional covariance matrix in multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model. In contrast to other multivariate GARCH models, such as Vech representation (Engle et al., 1984) and BEKK representation (Engle and Kroner, 1995), the constant correlation model involves a relatively small number of parameters and, moreover, the conditions for positive definiteness of covariance matrix are easy to impose. However, many empirical results including Longin and Solnik (1995) show that the assumption of constant correlation does not hold for some financial data. The correlation constancy is also an important problem in financial studies. The correlation structure among different national stock returns is a crucial factor in determining the gains from international portfolio diversification, which was studied by Levy and Sarnat (1970) and Longin and Solnik (1995) among others. One of the inputs required for international investments is the ex-ante measure of the correlation, which is usually estimated by ex-post measures. But its reliability as proxies for ex-ante measures depends on whether the international correlation structure is intertemporally stable. The constant correlation also plays an important role in the context of hedge ratio estimation. Under the constant correlation assumption, the hedge ratio could be estimated by the ratio of two univariate conditional standard deviations multiplied by the correlation between the spot and futures returns. These observations indicate that a formal test of the constant correlation assumption will be a very useful tool for correctly specifying financial models. The objective of this paper is to extend Bera and Kim (2002)`s test for the constancy of correlations to the multi-correlation case and apply the extended test to the 5 Asian stock markets. To circumvent the blow-up of the tests when applied to the financial data following fat-tailed distributions, studentizing was used instead of asymptotic variance in the original test. The test results on the unconditional correlation between Asian markets in the period 1985~2010 rejected the constancy of correlation, which agrees with most previous empirical studies. In the pre-crisis and post- crisis periods, however, the null of constant correlations are not rejected in most markets. The tests on conditional correlations provides the almost same results: the inter-market correlations do change over time in the whole sample period, but do not show significant movements in the subsamples of pre-crisis and post-crisis period. These empirical results imply that the relationships between markets was stable at low level in the pre-crisis period, and increased to a higer level during the Asian crisis. The high correlation stays continued afterwards. Contrary to previous studies mostly denying the constant correlations, this paper states that the constancy of correlations depends on which sample period was chosen to be tested.

데리다와 은유

김상환(Sang Hwan Kim) 한국기호학회 1999 기호학연구 Vol.5 No.-

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