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김상목(Kim, Sang Mok) 한국체육교육학회 2021 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.25 No.4
본 연구는 초등학교에서 투기도전 수업이 활발하게 이루어지지 않는 문제의 원인과 개선방안을 모색하고자 수행되었다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 투기도전 수업을 운영한 경험이 있는 초등교사의 사례를 연구하였다. 연구결과 수업을 초등교사들은 투기도전 수업에 필요한 실천적 지식을 형성할 기회가 절대적으로 부족함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 투기도전 수업을 위한 물리적 환경 조성, 투기도전의 활동 형태에 따른 각종 사고, 기능 부족에 따른 부담감 등 다양한 내적 어려움이 있었다. 개선방안으로 투기도전 수업 사례 공유, 학교와 관련 협회의 협력, 교사의 교육활동에 대한 전폭적인 신뢰와 지원이 제안되었다. 이를 통해 교사의 실천적 지식을 풍부하게 하고 교사효능감이 높아질 수 있기 때문이다. 결론적으로 투기도전 수업의 개선을 위해서 현장에 필요한 것은 실천적 지식의 보급과 교사효능감 향상 기회이다. Purpose: This study was conducted to find the difficulties and improvement methods of teaching combat challenge classes are not actively conducted in elementary schools. Methods: In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the case of an elementary school teacher with experience in operating combat challenge classes was studied. Results: As a result of the study, it was found that elementary teachers who attended classes absolutely lacked the opportunity to form practical knowledge for teaching combat challenges. In addition, there were various internal difficulties such as setting a physical environment, the risk of various accidents, and feeling of burden due to lack of skills. As methods for improvement, it was suggested sharing cases of combat challenges classes, cooperation between schools and related associations, and full trust and support teachers" educational activities. This is because the practical knowledge of teachers can be enriched and teacher efficacy can be enhanced. Conclusion: What is needed in the field for improvement of combat challenge classes is an opportunity to spread practical knowledge and improve teacher efficacy. Also, practical knowledge and teacher efficacy are very important factors for combat challenges classes.
간경변증 환자의 혈청 칼륨 농도와 산 - 염기 평형 변화에 관한 연구
김상목(Sang Mok Kim),박경근(Kyung Geun Park),김호중(Ho Jung Kim),기춘석(Choon Suhk Kee) 대한내과학회 1996 대한내과학회지 Vol.50 No.4
Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the changes of serum potassium concentration and acid-base balance, and probable mechanisms for those changes, in a total of 24 patients of liver cirrhosis with(group I, n=8) and without ascites (group II, n=16) during hospital course. Methods: All 4 cirrhotic patients were put on the conservative treatments. On hospital day 1 and hospital day 10, blood levels of sodium and potassium, 24 hour urine for sodium & creatinine and creatinine clearance were evaluated in patients with and without ascites. Patients were weighed and performed arterial blood gases. Aldosterone & norepinephrine levels were checked from the blood samples obtained after one hour supine before meal by way of radio-immunoassay. Results: As compared to group II serum potassium level was significantly elevated in group I (3.9±0.4mEq/L vs 4.6±0.5mEq/L, p=0.003) with significantly decreased urinary sodium and potassium excretion(Una; 43±24mEq/1, Uk; 31±21 mEq/ L), as well as creatinine clearance in hospital day l. There was significant elevation of norepinephrine in group I (781±284pg/ml vs 557 ±150pg/ml, p=0.018) but no difference in aldosterone level between group I and II. The frequency of acid-base imbalance was higher in Group I (Croup I : 100%, group II : 43%). On hospital day 10, the serum potassium concentration was significantly decreased in group I as compared to that of hospital day 1(4.1±0.3mEq/L, p=0.017) with concomitant decrease of creatinine clearance(46±11ml/min, p=0.003) and with concomitant increase of mean arterial blood pH(7.5±0.06, p=0.0011). On contray, in group II serum potassium concentration as well as creatinine clearance were not changed significantly over 10 days in hospital. Both groups showed no significant changes in 24 hour urine excretion of sodium and potassium over 10 days respectively. Group I and II showed decreased body weight over 10 days in hospital with more prominent decrement in group I (-3.7±3.2Kg vs. -0.2+/-1.2Kg, p=0.001). Conclusion: These results indicated that the initial blood potassium concentration of cirrhotic patients on admission was closely related with urinary sodium amount, and the change of potassium during hospital course was dependent on decreased effective circulatory volume and intracellular shifting of potassium due to alkalosis following conservative treatments.
변형된 샤논 엔트로피식을 이용한 온실가스 농도변화량 예측
김상목 ( Sang Mok Kim ),이도행 ( Do Haeng Lee ),최얼 ( Eol Choi ),고미솔 ( Mi Sol Koh ),양재규 ( Jae Kyu Yang ) 한국환경과학회 2013 한국환경과학회지 Vol.22 No.11
Entropy is a measure of disorder or uncertainty. This terminology is qualitatively used in the understanding of its correlation to pollution in the environmental area. In this research, three different entropies were defined and characterized in order to quantify the qualitative entropy previously used in the environmental science. We are dealing with newly defined distinct entropies E1, E2, and E3 originated from Shannon entropy in the information theory, reflecting concentration of three major green house gases CO2, N2O and CH4 represented as the probability variables. First, E1 is to evaluate the total amount of entropy from concentration difference of each green house gas with respect to three periods, due to industrial revolution, post-industrial revolution, and information revolution, respectively. Next, E2 is to evaluate the entropy reflecting the increasing of the logarithm base along with the accumulated time unit. Lastly, E3 is to evaluate the entropy with a fixed logarithm base by 2 depending on the time. Analytical results are as follows. E1 shows the degree of prediction reliability with respect to variation of green house gases. As E1 increased, the concentration variation becomes stabilized, so that it follows from linear correlation. E2 is a valid indicator for the mutual comparison of those green house gases. Although E3 locally varies within specific periods, it eventually follows a logarithmic curve like a similar pattern observed in thermodynamic entropy.
한국 영화의 개봉전·후 온라인 WOM분석을 통한 영화 흥행에 관한 연구
김상목(Sang-Mok Kim),주용호(Yong-Ho Joo),조옥희(Ok-Hue Cho) 한국콘텐츠학회 2021 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.21 No.11
본 연구는 영화 시장 수준에서 개봉 전 시장의 기대 수준을 높이는데 지나치게 몰두하는 사전 마케팅이 갖는 위험성을 경고하고, 시장의 기대 불일치 수준이 낮을수록 이상적인 성과를 낼 수 있다는 실무적인 시사점을 제공한다. 본 연구의 핵심 개념은 개봉 전 기대수준과 개봉 후 만족은 각각의 영화 평점으로 측정하였고, 이의 차이를 기대불일치로 산정하였다. 흥행 성적은 영화의 매출액으로 측정하였다. 영화에 대한 온라인 구전을 개봉전과 개봉후로 구분하고 이에 대한 구전효과가 있는지를 검증하였다. 개봉 전 기대 수준을 높이는 데에는 스타 파워와 감독 파워, 전문가평점, 스크린수 중에서 전문가평점이 유의미한 영향력을 갖는 것을 나타났다. 개봉 전 기대수준은 개봉후 평점에 긍정적인 영향을 미치지만, 기대불일치 수준에는 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 개봉 전 기대수준이 높을수록 기대불일치가 크다는 가설과 기대불일치가 높을수록 흥행수준에 부정적 영향을 미친다는 가설이 지지되면서 기존의 개인 수준에서의 기대불일치 이론을 시장 수준에서 적용가능함을 보여주고 있다. 따라서 개봉 전 기대수준을 높이는 마케팅 전략은 기대불일치를 크게 하여 최종적으로 영화 흥행에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 영화와 같이 관여도가 낮거나 감성적인 상품을 대상으로 영화관련 실무자들에게 영화의 개봉전이나 개봉후 초기에 실시하는 마케팅에 대한 다양한 시사점을 제공하고 있다. This study warns of the dangers of pre-marketing that is too preoccupied with raising market expectations before release at the film market level, and provides practical implications that the lower the level of mismatch of market expectations, the more ideal performance can be achieved. The level of expectation before release and satisfaction after release were measured by each movie rating, and the difference was calculated as the inconsistency of expectations. In raising expectations before the release, the expert rating among the star power, director power, expert rating, and number of screens has a significant influence. It was confirmed that the level of expectation before the release had a positive effect on the rating after the release, but had a negative effect on the level of discordance. In addition, the hypothesis that the higher the expectation level before the release, the greater the inconsistency, and the hypothesis that the higher the expectation inconsistency has a negative effect on the box office level is supported. This provides various implications for marketing carried out before or after the release of a movie to film-related practitioners for products with low involvement or emotional content such as movies.