대청호 생태계에서의 미생물 활성과 세균순환 고리

김명운,김민호,김상종 ( Myeong Woon Kim,Minho Kim,Sang Jong Kim ) 한국하천호수학회 1994 생태와 환경 Vol.27 No.2

Physico-chemical, organic, and microbiological factors were measured from April to November, 1991 in Daechung Reservoir. Concentration of inorganic nutrients and eutrophic state varied according to the geological characteristics and water depth of each research site. In spring, allochthonous organic material from upstream was the main source of reservoir eutrophication. Autochthonous organic compound from Microcystis in summer act also as another source, especially at the post-summer season. Availability of the autochthonous organic compound by bacterial community was increased after some time interval. Organic matters distributed from spring to summer play a role of potential source of eutrophication phenomena in each year and bacterial activity contributed to the increase of organic concentration at the water column. In this study, primary productivity at June, 1991 measured by 1.5mgCm^-2day^-1 when blooming of Microcystis started. 84.11% and 35.29% of it was excreted and uptaken by bacteria, respectively at the same time.

Cyanobacteria 의 증식에 따른 대청호 생태계내의 생물군집 변화

김명운,김민호,조장천,김상종 ( Myeong Woon Kim,Min Ho Kim,Jang Cheon Cho,Sang Jong Kim ) 한국하천호수학회 1995 생태와 환경 Vol.28 No.1

The changes of primary producer, zooplankton, and characteristics of bacterial community were compared with the bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa in the Chusori, Daechung Reservoir where conventional summer bloom was observed. Primary producer changed from diatoms at spring to M. aeruginosa with the concentration of 4.6x10^8 cells 1^-1 at summer. Zooplankton changed into large-sized copepod. Difference of the total bacterial number between pre-bloom and blooming period was not large. The saprophytic number was average of 1.27×10^4CFUS ml^-1 that was 0.12% of the total bacterial number. Bacterial production rate was 3.95㎍C1^-1hr^-1 before July and 2.77㎍gC 1^-1hr^-1 during blooming period. Characteristics of bacterial community showed bacteria did not readily use increased organic compound.

대청호 cyanobacteria 대발생 지역에서 환경요인의 일일변화 및 탄소의 흐름

김명운,김상종 ( Myeong Woon Kim,Sang Jong Kim ) 한국하천호수학회 1997 생태와 환경 Vol.30 No.1

Short-term analysis of environmental and biological factors was carried out at the Microcystis aeruginosa blooming site. Communities of primary producer decreased at afternoon and maintained minimum numbers during night. Chlorophyll, phaeophytin, pH, dissolved oxygen, and zooplankton biomass changed in the similar patterns. Other environmental factors such as alkalinity, hardness, phosphate and silicate concentrations did not change significantly. The biomass of primary producer and bacteria has large portions to total organic carbon or particulated organic carbon. Though primary producer supplied large amount of organic carbon into water column, bacteria did not use this organic carbon rapidly. Bacterial uptake was only 0.54% of primarily produced carbon and 2.7% of exudate.

폐기물 관리시설 설계를 위한 재활용성 생활폐기물의 겉보기밀도 평가에 관한 연구

김병태,김명운,이창해,Kim, Byung-Tae,Kim, Myeong-Woon,Lee, Chang-Hae 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2017 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.26 No.6

본 연구에서는 생활폐기물 내 재활용성 물질을 대상으로 선별품목별 겉보기밀도와 조성비로 산정한 혼합폐기물의 겉보기밀도치를 평가함으로써 재활용성 폐기물의 관리 및 시설설계에 활용할 수 있도록 겉보기밀도에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 4회에 걸쳐 선별장에 반입된 1,800 kg의 재활용성 폐기물을 대상으로 선별품목별 중량 및 부피조성비, 선별 전 후의 겉보기밀도를 조사하였다. 선별품목별 겉보기밀도는 병류가 $379.0kg/m^3$로 가장 높았으며, 고철류, 잡쓰레기, 기타, 캔류, 플라스틱류의 순으로 나타났다. 또한 선별품목별 조성비는 중량기준으로는 병류와 플라스틱류가 40.6%, 32.6%를 차지하였으나 부피기준 적용 시 플라스틱류는 60.2%로 대폭 증가하는 반면에 병류는 8.9%로 크게 낮아져 조성비 적용방식에 따라 품목별 조성비의 변동폭이 다르게 나타났다. 또한 재활용성 혼합폐기물의 겉보기밀도는 조성비를 부피기준으로 적용하는 방식이 중량기준 적용방식보다 실측치에 유사하게 나타났다. 이러한 조사결과를 바탕으로 폐기물 처리설비 설계에 사용되는 재활용성 혼합폐기물의 겉보기밀도 산정 시에는 부피기준 조성비를 적용하는 방식이 적절한 것으로 평가되었다. To estimate the bulk density applying the composition rate for recyclable residential waste, the composition rates by volume and weight basis, the bulk densities of the separated and commingled wastes were investigated four times respectively for recyclable waste of 1,800 kg transported to waste recovery facility. The bulk densities for separated wastes were $379.0kg/m^3$ of glass bottles that is highest and metals, residues, others, cans, plastics in order. The composition rates for each separated waste were changed widely depending on either volume basis or weight basis. The composition rate by weight basis as 40.6% of the glass bottles, 32.6% of the plastics were changed to 60.2% of the plastics and 8.9% of the glass bottles in that by volume basis. The bulk density of the commingled wastes applying the composition rate by volume basis showed the similar value to the measured density than by weight basis. So it was estimated that the composition rate by volume basis was appropriate for determining the bulk density of the commingled recyclable wastes.

廢電子스크랩에서 Thiobacillus ferrooxidans를 이용한 Cu, Al, Zn, Ni, Co, Sn 및 Pb의 浸出

안재우,김명운,정진기,이재천,김동진,안종관,Ahn, Jae-Woo,Kim, Myeong-Woon,Jeong, Jin-Ki,Lee, Jae-Chun,Kim, Dong-Gin,Ahn, Jong-Gwan 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2005 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.14 No.1

폐전자스크랩으로부터 미생물 침출법에 의해 유가금속을 회수하기 위한 기초 연구로 Thiobacillus ferrooxidans를 이용하여 Cu, Zn, Al, Co, Ni, Sn 및 Pb의 침출 거동을 조사하였다. 예비실험으로 각 금속의 침출 거동을 조사하기 위해 먼저 폐전자스크랩 대신 각 금속분말을 이용하여 침출 실험을 실시하였는데, 금속분말의 양이 증가함에 따라 츰출율을 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 각각의 금속분말의 농도가 5 g/L이하에서 Cu, Co 및 Zn의 경우 85%이상의 침출율을 나타내었다. 한편 폐전자스크랩을 이용한 침출실험 결과 고액농도가 100 g/L에서 Cu, Co의 경우는 90%이상의 침출율을 보이고 있으나 Al, Zn 및 Ni의 경우는 40%이하의 침출율을 나타내었다. Pb의 경우는 PbSO$_4$ 형태로 Sn의 경우는 SnO 형태로 침전되어 침출액중으로는 거의 용출되지 않았다. In order to recover valuable metals from the waste electronic scrap, bioleaching of Cu, Zn, Al, Co, Ni, Sn and Pb was carried out using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans as a leaching microorganism in a shaking flask. In a preliminary study, to obtain the data on the leaching of Cu, Zn, Al, Co and Ni, the metal leaching was accomplished using metal powers instead of electronic scrap. The leaching percentaga of Cu, Zn, Co, Al and Ni powers was reduced with the increase of metal power concentration in solution. Below the metal concentration of 0.5 g/L, more than 85% of Cu, Co and Zn powers was leached out. At the electronic scrap concentration of 100 g/L, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans were able to leach more than 90% of the available Cu and Co while Al, Zn and Ni were able to leach less than 40%. Pb and Sn were not detected in the leachate. Pb was precipitated as PbSO$_4$, whereas Sn precipitated probably as SnO.

유기성 폐자원을 처리하는 에너지 공급형 하폐수처리장을 위한 미생물 연료전지 기술의 최근 동향 및 전망

손성훈(Sunghoon Son),김영진(Youngjin Kim),김명운(Myeong Woon Kim),정석희(Sokhee P. Jung) 대한환경공학회 2021 대한환경공학회지 Vol.43 No.10

미생물 연료 전지(MFC) 기술은 유기성 폐자원을 처리하며 전기를 생산하는 유망한 기술로서 최근 많은 각광을 받고 있다. 지난 20년간 MFC 기술은 급격한 발전을 이뤄왔다. 실용적인 기술 및 근본 원리의 발전을 위한 시스템 구조, 전기화학, 재료, 미생물학 등의 연구가 이뤄져 왔다. MFC의 실용화를 위해 규모를 키운 반응조의 연구도 최근 많이 진행되고 있다. 본 리뷰에서는 지금까지 연구된 MFC의 재료, 전기화학, 시스템 발전 및 스케일업의 성과에 대해 살펴보고 이를 바탕으로 MFC 기술의 향후 전망과 방향을 제시하였다. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology is receiving a lot of attention recently as a promising technology for generating electricity by treating organic waste resources. Over the past 20 years, the MFC technology has made rapid progress: various research on system architectures, electrochemistry, materials, and microbiology has been conducted for developing practical ideas and fundamental principles. Recently, a lot of research on scaled-up systems for practical application is being conducted in the MFC field. In this review, materials, electrochemistry, system development and scale-up systems of MFCs studied so far are reviewed, and future prospects and directions of MFC technology are presented.

총대장균군 측정의 정도관리에 적합한 균주의 조제

김주영,서은영,김미리,전남희,정현미,김명운,안태석,Kim, Ju-Young,Seo, Eun-Young,Kim, Mi-Ree,Jeon, Nam-Hui,Chung, Hyen-Mi,Kim, Myeong-Woon,Ahn, Tea-Seok 한국미생물학회 2008 미생물학회지 Vol.44 No.1

정도관리는 분석 결과의 신뢰성을 높이기 위해 필수적인 과정이며, 이를 위해서는 일정한 농도의 표준시료가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 정도관리의 정략분석을 위해 실온에서도 일정시간 개체수가 유지되는 미생물 정도관리용 표준시료를 제작하였다. 대장균으로 조제한 미생물 시료에 세포 분열을 억제하기 위해 nalidixic acid ($100\;{\mu}g/ml$)와 cephalexin ($50\;{\mu}g/ml$)을 첨가하였다. 이후 12시간 간격으로 acridine orange로 염색 후 현미경으로 계수하는 방법과 한천 배지에 배양하여 집락을 계수하는 평판집락계수법으로 개체수 변화를 측정하였다. 현미경 계수 결과 초기간이 $3.7{\times}10^5\;cells/ml$이었을 때 대장균의 개체수는 48시간 동안 $3.5{\sim}4.2{\times}10^5\;cells/ml$의 범위를 보였고, 평판집락법 결과 초기값이 $1.2{\times}10^4\;CFU/ml$ 이었을 경우에는 $1.0{\sim}1.2{\times}10^4\;CFU/ml$로 조사되어 냉장 및 냉동의 필요 없이 실온에서도 48시간 동안 개체수가 비교적 안정적으로 유지되는 미생물 표준시료를 제작할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제작된 표준시료는 현재 상업적으로 판매되고 있는 표준균주 제품과 함께 정도관리의 정략분석을 위해 사용될 수 있을 것이다. Standard sample for quality control of total coliform measurement was procured by addition of nalidixic acid and cephalexin as bacteriostatic agents to Escherichia coli cultured broth. After making the standard sample, the number of E. coli was measured by fluorescence microscopic count method and plate count method by 12 hr interval. The numbers of E. coli remained unchanged for at least for 48 hr at room temperature which ranged from 3.5 to $4.2{\times}10^5\;cells/ml$ and from 1.0 to $1.2{\times}10^4\;CFU/ml$ by direct fluorescence microscopic count method and plate count method, respectively. This result suggests that microbial standard sample with bacteriostatic agents of nalidixic acid and cephalexin is usable for quantitative quality control.

무전해 은도금된 활성탄소섬유필터의 바이오에어로졸 저감 특성

윤기영(Ki-Young Yoon),변정훈(Jeong-Hoon Byeon),고병주(Byung-Ju Ko),박재홍(Jae-Hong Park),김명운(Myeong-Woon Kim),윤희승(Hee-Seung Yoon),황정호(Jung-Ho Hwang) 한국실내환경학회 2006 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Bioaerosols are airborne particles of biological origins including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and all varieties of living materials. In suitable hosts, bioaerosols are capable of causing acute or chornic diseases that may be infectious, allergenic, or toxigenic. Bioaerosols from outdoor air accumulate on filters of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system in large quantities and are able to multiply there under certain conditions. In this study, silver was coated on activated carbon fiber (ACF) filters by an electroless plating method, and their efficacy for bioaerosols removal was tested. Physical filtration and biological antimicrobial test were performed. SEM and XRD analyses were used to characterize the morphology and components of ACF filters. Electroless silver-plated ACF filters showed antimicrobial efficiency, whereas pure ACF filters did not. It was found that electroless silver plating did not influence the physical filtration efficiency of ACF filters.

임진강 수계에서 소규모 저수지가 본류의 수질에 미치는 영향

김명운 대진대학교 2000 大眞論叢 Vol.8 No.-

Water quality of Imjin River was low as a raw water for drinking which should be at least 2nd grade. The reasons for low quality were polluted water from upstream Hantan River and high organic input from tributary. Self-purification process by the rapid and large quantity of river flow did not play an effective role. The main pollutant of tributary seemed to be non-point source from agricultural soil or forest rather than point source of anthropogenic or livestock wastewater. Small and middle sizes of reservoirs seemed to act as mitigation pond. The over-polluted reservoirs, however, act as a source of pollutant, especially at summer season. Heavy raining during the summer helps large input of suspended solids and recalcitrant from nearby soil or forest rather than dilution effect. It was needed that synthesized design for watershed area and continuous and extended administration.

UASB 반응조에 의한 석유화학폐수의 혐기성 처리

김명운 대진대학교 1996 大眞論叢 Vol.4 No.-

The removal efficiencies of petrochemical wastewater by upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor were average 74.6% and maximum 85.7%. pH was maintained between 6.7-7.4 which showed stable reactor conditions. Net production rate of metane and proportion of methane were 3.57L/m³·day and 77.7%, respectively. Other parameters about chemical state of reactor also confirmed stable activity of methanogenic bacteria. This result showed that anaerobic treatment of petrochemical wastewater and obtaining of methane gas from waste are possible. Futher studies about development of pretrement process, unit process, and methanogenic bacteria were required.