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저분자량 유기산을 이용한 Cu오염토양 복원에 관한 연구
공성호,유혜영,김용수,강순기 한양대학교 환경공학연구소 2000 環境科學論文集 Vol.21 No.-
Cu로 오염된 토양을 처리하기위해 중성 pH의 Citric acid와 Oxalic acid를 사용하여 농도와 유속의 변화두어서 실험실규모의 column test를 수행하였다. 안정화 상수가 높은 Citric acid (k=5.90)가 Oxalic acid (k=4.84)보다 높은 제거율을 보였다. 두 가지 유기산 모두 pH 4.5에 비해 pH 6에서 높은 제거율을 보였고 1mM에서 제거율은 상당히 낮았으며 10mM과 50mM은 처리 속도에 차이가 있었지만 최종제거율은 80.2%, 89.5%로 큰 차이가 없었다. 유속을 최저 7.34×10-3cm/min, 최고 7.34×10-2cm/min로 변화를 두었지만 10mM과 50mM의 경우 큰 차이가 없었다. column을 통과한 용액의 speciation을 GEOCHEM을 통해 예측해본 결과 10mM과 50mM의 유기산을 사용했을 경우 대부분의 Cu가 유기산과 복합체를 형성하고 있었으며, 유기산은 주로 free ion과 H+와 결합된 형태로 존재하고 있었다. Citric acid and Oxalic acid that have well known to form soluble complexes with Cu at near neutral pH of 5 to 7 as extracting agents. Lab scale column test was performed for optimizing operating parameter, changing pH, concentration and flow rate of organic acids. Citric Acid (k=5.90) which has high stability constant with Cu was higher removal efficiency than Oxalic Acid's (k=4.84). Both of two organic acids, removal efficiencies at pH 6 were higher than at pH 4.5. Concentration of 1mM organic acids did not provide effective removal efficiencies, but the removal efficiencies of 10mM and 50mM were significant high level. 10mM and 50mM were a little difference in removal rate but little difference in final efficiencies, respectively maximum 80.2%, 89.5%. Although we have performed column test, changing flow rate minimum 7.34×10-3cm/min to maximum 7.34×10-2cm/min, the removal efficiencies were little difference at 10mM and 50mM. Speciations of solution that passed through contaminated soil column were estimated by GEOCHEM simulation. For 10mM and 50mM organic acids, most of extracted copper existed as complexed forms with organic acids, and organic acids mostly existed as free ions and H-organic complex form.
공성호,최용준,유건희,김윤우,박주현,임윤성 대한이비인후과학회 2017 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.60 No.2
Background and Objectives Abscess of neck is a life-threatening disease in children. Detection of abscess is important because it is essential for the determination of surgical drainage. However, clinical diagnosis is difficult, because children are seldom able to verbalize their symptoms or cooperate with physical examination. This study aims to review the clinical characteristics of 157 pediatric patients with neck inflammation and investigate the relative risk factors for abscess. Subjects and Method Pediatric patients who were admitted to Dongguk University Hospital from January 2005 to July 2014 with acute neck inflammation were reviewed. All 157 pediatric patients were divided into two groups, based on radiologic findings with and without neck abscess. Results Of 157 patients, 53 children were diagnosed with neck abscess, and peritonsillar abscess was the most common type of neck abscess followed by submandibular abscess, retro·parapharyngeal abscess and posterior triangle & other abscess. The dominant pathogens, staphylococcal infection (≤2 yr) and streptococcal infection (>3 yr), was different for the different age group. The abscess group except for peritonsillar abscess was characterized by younger age, higher heart rate and WBC count, and longer hospital days than those without abscess (p=0.026, 0.026, <0.001, 0.007 respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed younger age (≤24 mo) and higher heart rate were independent predictors for abscess formation (odds ratio: 3.022, 2.923). Conclusion Pediatric patients with high heart rate & younger age are at risk for abscess formation; meticulous care and early imaging work up are required in younger children with deep neck infection, and especially with higher heart rate. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2017;60(2):76-82
공성호,김재호 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 2001 環境科學論文集 Vol.22 No.-
본 연구는 국내무연탄의 비연료 활용을 위해 국내무연탄을 원료로 하여 흡착제를 제조하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 우선 활성탄 원료를 제조하기 위해서 중액선탄 방법으로 저회분 탄을 제조하였다. 파쇄탄과, 미분탄과 석탄 타르피치를 혼합하여 제조한 조립탄을 원료로 스팀과 CO_2로 활성화하여 활성탄을 제조하였다. 활성화 전에 알칼리로 처리하여 화학적 전처리의 영향을 고찰하였다. 활성탄의 흡착성능을 위해 액상으로는 페놀, 클로로포름을 중금속 시험으로는 Fe, Cr을, 그리고 기상용 실험으로는 벤젠, 사염화탄소 등을 사용하여 비교하였다. 활성화 결과 파쇄원탄으로 제조된 활성탄은 표면적 650㎡/g, 조립활성탄은 920㎡/g의 활성탄이 제조되었다. 파쇄원탄을 NaOH로 강한조건에서 화학적 처리한 결과 표면적이 650㎡/g에서 840㎡/g으로 증가하였으며 온순조건에서는 기공부피와 burn-off을 증가시키는 효과를 보였다. 화학적으로 처리된 파쇄활성탄과 CO₂로 활성화된 조립활성탄은 미세기공이 발달하여 기상용에 적합하였으며 스팀으로 활성화된 조립활성탄은 기공이 다양하게 발달하여 액상용으로 적합하였다. TPurpose of this study is development of activated carbons from domestic anthracite for non-fuel use. In order to obtain raw materials for activation, preparation of low ash coals by heavy media separation was conducted. Activated carbons were made with steam or CO₂ from crushed coals and granules made by mixing of pulverized coal and coal tar pitches. Treatment with alkali hydroxides was conducted prior to activation for the investigation of the effect of chemical pretreatment on the activation. Test for liquid phase organic compound removal, heavy metal removal and gas phase adsorption have been performed with phenol, chloroform, Fe, Cr, and with fumes of benzene and carbon tetrachloride. Activated carbons of surface area of 650㎡/g from crushed coals and of 920㎡/g from granules were produced. Chemical pretreatment has an effect on the surface area increase from 650㎡/g to 840㎡/g for the crushed raw coals at the strong pretreatment condition, and on the increase of pore size and burn-off by mild pre-treatment condition. It was found that the activated carbons from crushed coals by chemical pretreatment and from CO₂ activation have well developed microporosity, and that the activated carbons from granules by steam activation have wide ranges of porosity that are suitable for gas phase and liquie phase adsorption respectively.