가르시니아 캄보지아 추출물의 지방세포 분화 및 지방 독성에 미치는 영향

강은실,함선아,황정석,이창권,서한극,Kang, Eun Sil,Ham, Sun Ah,Hwang, Jung Seok,Lee, Chang-Kwon,Seo, Han Geuk 한국축산식품학회 2013 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.33 No.3

본 연구는 가르시니아 캄보지아의 항비만 효과의 분자기전을 알아보기 위하여 지방전구세포인 3T3-L1세포의 지방세포로의 분화 시, 가르시니아 캄보지아 추출물을 처리하여 세포 내 지질 적의 형성 및 중성지방의 축적, 지방 분화 특이 지표 단백질의 발현에 미치는 영향에 대하여 살펴보았다. 3T3-L1세포의 지방 세포로의 분화는 MDI로 유도 후, 2일째부터 지방 적 및 중성 지방이 유의하게 축적되기 시작하였는데, 1% 가르시니아 캄보지아 추출물을 동시에 처리한 세포에서 이러한 지방 적 및 중성 지방의 축적이 유의하게 억제되는 것을 실험을 통해 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 지방세포 분화 특이 지표 단백질로 알려진 $PPAR{\gamma}2$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, aP2와 같은 단백질의 발현 또한 가르시니아 캄보지아 추출물이 효과적으로 억제하고 있음도 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, 가르시니아 캄보지아 추출물은 palmitate를 처리한 HepG2 세포에서 중성지방의 축적 및 세포사멸을 유의하게 억제함으로써 유리 지방산의 축적에 의한 지속적인 염증 반응으로 유발되는 지방독성(lipotoxicity)을 억제하는 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 가르시니아 캄보지아 추출물이 세포 수준에서 비교적 낮은 농도로도 효과적으로 비만을 억제할 수 있으며, 기존에 알려지지 않았던 유리지방산에 의한 지방독성을 억제하는 효과가 있음을 본 연구에서 확인할 수 있었다. This study aimed to examine the mechanisms underlying the effects of Garcinia cambogia extract on the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and long-chain saturated fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity of HepG2 cells. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, mouse embryonic fibroblast-adipose like cell line, were treated with MDI solution (0.5 mM IBMX, 1 ${\mu}M$ dexamethasone, 10 ${\mu}g/mL$ insulin) to generate a cellular model of adipocyte differentiation. Using this cellular model, the anti-obesity effect of Garcinia cambogia extract was evaluated. MDI-induced lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenesis-related genes were detected by Oil red O staining, Nile Red staining, and Western blot analysis. Effects Garcinia cambogia extract on palmitate-induced lipotoxicity was also analyzed by MTT assay, LDH release, and DAPI staining in HepG2 cells. Garcinia cambogia extract significantly suppressed the adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes and intracellular lipid accumulation in the differentiating adipocytes. Garcinia cambogia extract also markedly inhibited the expression of peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor ${\gamma}2$ ($PPAR{\gamma}2$), CCAT/enhancer-binding protein ${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$), and adipocyte protein aP2 (aP2). In addition, Garcinia cambogia extract significantly attenuated palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Palmitateinduced cellular damage and reactive aldehydes were also significantly reduced in the presence of Garcinia cambogia extract. These findings suggest that the Garcinia cambogia extract inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, probably by regulating the expression of multiple genes associated with adipogenesis such as $PPAR{\gamma}2$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, aP2, and thereby modulating fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity to reduce cellular injury in hepatocytes.

청소년의 자살의도와 우울, 영적안녕과의 관계

강은실,조향숙,송양숙,강성연 고신대학교 전인간호과학연구소 2003 전인간호과학연구 학술모음집 Vol.2 No.-

This study was carried out to identify the relationships of suicidal ideation, depression, spiritual well-being of adolescence in Korea. Design of the study was correlational study. Objects of the study were 423 adolescences of high school students of 5 cities in Korea. Data was collected from April, 2003 to July, 2003 using structured questionnaire. Research tools of this study were SSI(Scale for Sucidal Ideation) developed by Beck(1979), BDI(Beck Depression Inventory) translated by Lee(1993), scale for spiritual well-being of Paloutzian & Ellison translated by Choi( 1990) Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation with SPSS/PC 11.0 program. The results were as follow : 1. Mean value of sucidal ideation (25.93)of adolescence were moderate level, depression( 12.48) of adolescence was moderate, spiritual well-being(75.35) was high. 2. General characteristics statistically related to the suicidal ideation are sex(t-3.655, p= .05), grade(F=4.71, p= .009), department of school(t=2.98, p= .003), relationship of friends (F=13.65, p= .000), girl(boy)(F=7.80, p= .000), experience of school violence injury (t=2.23, p= .026), school records(F=-4.50, p= .001), smoking(F=19.98, p=.000), drinking(F=14.29, p=.000), trial sucide (t=9.92, p= .000), disease of physical (t=3.74, p= .000), economical levels of family (F=7.31, p= .001), marital status of parents(F=2.65, p= .048), atmosphere at home (F=8.65, p= .000), conversation with father(F=3.87, p= .009), conversation of mether( F=4.64, p= .003). 3. Relationships of the suicidal ideation, depression, spiritual well-being of adolescence. Suicidal ideation of adolescence was positive relationships with depression (r=.628, p= .000), suicidal ideation of adolescence was negative relationships with spiritual well-being(r=-.380, p= .000). In conclusion, it was found that depression of adolescence was incline to increase sucidal ideation, spiritual well-being to decrease sucidal ideation of adolescence. Therefore, development of counseling and guidance program to increase spiritual well-being of the adolescence was suggested.

Simple and Efficient Process for Conversion of Renewable Biomass into Furanic Platforms

강은실,홍연우,채다원,김백진,조진구,김영규 한국공업화학회 2012 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2012 No.1

간호대학생의 인간관계 집단훈련 프로그램의 효과

강은실,조향숙,강양희 대한간호학회정신간호학회 2002 정신간호학회지 Vol.11 No.4

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of group interpersonal training program on spiritual well-being, self-concept, self-esteem of nursing students and to develop effective curricula which change positive self-concept, self-esteem, spiritual-wellbeing of nursing students. The data was collected from March to July 2000. The subjects were 54 sophomore nursing students. The instruments used for the study were the spiritual well-being scale developed by Paloutzian & Ellison(1982) and self-concept scale developed by Lee & Won(1995) and self-esteem scale developed by Rosenberg(1965). The data were analyzed by using SPSS/WIN. The results were as follows: 1. Hypothesis Ⅰ. "The spiritual well-being score of nursing students who received group interpersonal training program will be significantly increased than that of before" was rejected(t=-.542, p=.590). 2. Hypothesis Ⅱ. "The self-concept score of nursing students who received group interpersonal training program will be significantly increased than that of before" was supported(t=-2.120, p=.000). 3. Hypothesis Ⅲ. "The self-esteem score of nursing students who received group interpersonal training program will be significantly increased than that of before" was supported(t=-5.180, p=.039). In conclusion, the group interpersonal training program had been judged in increasing of self-concept and self-esteem. Therefore the group interpersonal training program should be utilized and expended in nursing curriculum.

알콜중독자 부인의 영적변화의 경험

강은실 통합연구학회 1997 통합연구 Vol.10 No.1-2

The main purpose of this study was to understand the spiritual change alcoholics' wives have experienced. Additional purpose were to explore factors that might contribute to wholistic healing of alcoholics' wives and establish a wholistic nursing care plan for those wives and their families. For those objectives, we used the grounded theory approach, a kind of qualitative research method. The grounded data was collected from 10 wives of chronic alcoholics through in-depth interviews, partial participant observation, and documents of the wives themselves, from November 1993 to August 1994. The data results were coded into 7 concepts and 1 category according to Strauss and Corbin's grounded method. Seven concepts about spiritual change were found as follows; "hopelessness" "changing religious practice" "searching for meaning", "discovering love" "discovering hope", "resolving quilt", and "recognizing alcoholism as a spiritual disease". In addition three strategies for spiritual changes that alcoholics' wives have resorted to were "praying", "singing hymns", and "fellowshiping with other believers in the church community". This research showed that a health care plan for alcoholics' families should began with understanding the spiritual change alcoholics' wives have experienced. Hopefully this study will be a first step in developing a community-based family nursing program for alcoholics' wives. It is suggested that additional research be done, as follows: with the alcoholics' parents, siblings and children, and on broken homes(separated or divorced) caused by alcoholism.

호스피스 간호중재가 유방절제술을 받은 환자의 우울의 미치는 영향

강은실,김미령 통합연구학회 1999 통합연구 Vol.12 No.1-2

The aim of this study was to find out the effect of hospice care intervention on the depressions manifested by mastectomy patients. 64 patients were selected who, after admitted to General Surgery Nursing Unit, of K university hospital, undergone mastectomy after diagnosis of breast cancer, from Jan 3, 1997 to April 17, 1997. Hospice care intervention was performed after finding out the spiritual needs by measuring physical, mental and spiritual needs. The collected data was computerized by use of SPSS program. For data analysis χexp(2)-text, paired t-text and ANOVA were used. The results are as follows. 1. The hypothesis of 'the degree of depressions manifested by the group who undergone and who did not undergo hospice care intervention would be different' was supported. while experimental group showed average scores 41.6±6.1, control group showed 50.9±8.2(t=-13.1, P=0.000) 2. The hypothesis of 'the pre and post experimental depression severity according to general characteristics of the group who undergone hospice care intervention would be different' was supported. General characteristics of experimental group (age, marital status, education, family member, housing, vocation, religion, attitude could be different toward the future, the effect of religion on own life, recognition of disease, therapeutic method, pain recognition) showed statistical significance(P= 0.000). Pain degree showed partially significance(P=0.04), so the hypothesis was supported. 3. The hypothesis of 'the pre and post experimental depression severity on each items between the group who undergone hospice care intervention would be different' was partially supported. As for items 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20 showed significant differences(p=0.05). Recommendation 1. Experimental study useing hospice care intervention should be performed not only mastectomy patients but also to other cancer patients. 2. For the purpose of alleviation depressive mastectomy patients, hospice care intervention should be applied on clinical nursing practice.

서사텍스트의 거시구조에 대한 이론적 검토와 교육적 활용 방안 연구

강은실 국어교육학회(since1969) 2007 국어교육연구 Vol.0 No.40

ㄴ. 배경 순차적 진술ㄷ. 사건- 문제와 해결 행위와 결과 등ㄹ. 평가ㅁ. 교훈

병동형 호스피스 대상자를 위한 전인적 호스피스 간호중재 프로그램의 개발

강은실,최성은,강성년,Kang, Eun-Sil,Choi, Sung-Eun,Kang, Sung-Nyun 한국호스피스협회 2007 호스피스 학술지 Vol.7 No.1

People in the end of life and their families suffer in their physical disease and other aspects as a whole person. They need hospice care to palliate their total suffering in physical, emotional, social and also spiritual aspect through professional hospice team. To care their whole personal needs, hospice team must be a multi-discipline team which consists of medical doctors, nurses, social workers, pastors and volunteers. Recently those who die in hospice palliative care unit have trend to increase more than in home year by year. So it is necessary to develop the nursing intervention program to be performed by multi-discipline team approach for in-patient of hospice palliative care unit. The purposes of this study were to develop of wholistic hospice nursing intervention program for inpatient of hospice palliative care unit. The subjects of study were collected from 30 patients those who were over 18 years old and admitted in hospice palliative care unit of S hospital in P city with agreement in hospice palliative care in their terminal disease. The period of data collection was from December 15, 2003 to March 15, 2004. The result were as follows : 1. The result of Wholistic Hospice Nursing Program's development was as follow : A Wholistic Hospice Nursing Program was developed by me in this study is one of the service program for hospice palliative care unit. It was named as ‘Rainbow Program’ to be approached easily by hospice patients. The purposes of it are to improve the quality of life of the terminal patients with their dignity, to help them live in abundant and meaningful in their lives, to care them in peaceful in dying process with understanding them in whole personal, and also to palliate the grief and suffering of the bereaved. It was provided by hospice professionals(nurses, medical doctors, social worker, pastors, art therapists) and volunteers those who were educated in hospice for multi-diciplinary team approach to collaborate with each role play I 20-30 minuters of each through visiting their rooms individually and a place of hospice palliative care unit of S hospital in P city. The subjects of it were the terminal patients those who admitted hospice palliative care unit and their familes. with agreement in hospice palliative care in their terminal disease. The characteristics of it were multi-disciplinary team approach, whole personal care, individual care and total care according to their needs in their condition. The contents of it were pain control, symptom control, counseling patient, counseling family, hair cutting, hair shampooing, bed bath, recreation, taking a walk, event of culture(screen, recital, festival of praises, exhibition and so on), pastoral counseling, ritual service in bed, praying, service in bed, sing a worship praise, listening to the music, sharing remembrance of life, individual visiting music service(sing and praying), meditation Bible, art therapies(dance and drawing), social worker's counselling, confessing and sharing love and thanksgiving. The experimental group subjects participated in Wholistic Hospice Nursing Program which takes 120 minutes per session, total 10 sessions(total 1,200 minutes) altogether. In conclusion, this Wholistic Hospice Nursing Intervention can be used actively for whole personal well-being of the patients in hospice palliative in hospice palliative care unit and also applied in hospice practice as an useful model of multi-disciplinary team approach by hospice professionals.

하나님에게서 나오는 진정한 희망 : 제롬 그루프먼의 「희망의 힘」

강은실 두란노 2005 목회와 신학 Vol.- No.194

1.다시 희망을 말한다 인간은 희망과 절망은 질병의 치유 과정에서 어떤 영향을 미치는가?저자는 자신의 실패한 임상 사례를 통해 배운것을 나누며 희망의 양극 모두를 경계해야 한다고 강조한다.희망은 현실에 기초를 두지 않은 ‘거짓된 희망’이어서도,일말의 가능성에도 불구하고 현실적이라는 미명 아래 우리의 삶을 송두리째 빼앗는 ‘제한된 희망’이어서도 안된다.오직 ‘진실한 희망’이어야 한다.그것은 실제적이고 가능성이 있으며,지신에게 진정한 선택의 자유가 있다고 인식될 때 비로소 가능하다. 2.희망의 영향력 그러면 희망은 우리에게 어느 정도 영향을 미칠 수 있는가?저자는 희망이 인간의 정신과 육체에 주는 변화의 구체적 기전에 대해 최근에 알려진 정보들을 이용해 과학적으로 설명하고 있다.필자도 개인적으로 경험을 통해 이런 주제가 학문적 관심을 자극하게 되어 인간의 영성이 신체적,정신적,사회인지적 상태에 미치는 실증적인 연구들을 수행한 바 있다. 3.사람이 환자를 돌보고 하나님은 고치신다 끝으로 저자는 자신이 이런 주제에 관심을 갖게 된 동기를 자신의 실패한 임상 경험을 통해 밝히는 겸손함을 보인다.지난날 자신의 젊은 오만으로 인해 환자들의 회복을 책임지고 그들에게 희망을 주고 싶었지만,진정으로 필요한 것이 무엇인지 몰랐던 개인의 감춰진 무지를 인정한다.

공기 처리용 구리 나노입자 코팅 섬유 필터를 사용한 병원균 및 PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> 초미세먼지 포집 및 제거

강은실,Van Cam Thi Le,이우형,김승도 한국대기환경학회 2021 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10

최근 호흡기 전염병인 코로나19가 전 세계적으로 대유행하고 있으며, 이로 인해 코로나19의 원인 병원체인 코로나바이러스와 같은 각종 균주 및 바이러스를 공기 중에서 제거하는데 관심이 높아지고 있다. 하지만 현재 공기청정기는 실내 공기 중의 미세먼지 제거에 초점을 맞추고 있어 항균 · 항바이러스 처리가 가능한 필터 또는 장치의 개발이 절실하다. 본 연구에서는 PM2.5 초미세먼지 포집과 동시에 항병원체 비활성화가 가능한 고효율의 에어필터를 소개한다. 우리는 Non-woven fiber (NWF) 필터와 멜트블로운 방식으로 제조된 HEPA fiber 필터에 in situ growth dip-coating 방식을 사용하여 구리 나노입자(Cu-NPs)의 손쉬운 녹색 합성법을 제시한다. 또한 대기오염 처리에서 두 필터의 다기능 잠재력을 평가한다. PM 포집 테스트에서 Cu-NPs/HEPA 필터는 압력강하 없이 대전된 섬유 사이의 정전기 상호 작용을 통해 높은 효율(~99.99%)을 보인다. 반면 Cu-NPs/NWF 필터의 경우 보통의 경우 낮은 포집 효율을 보였지만 필터에 (+)전하를 가해주었을 때 효율이 가장 큰 폭으로 증가한다. 추가로 항병원체 비활성화 테스트에서 9.89wt%의 Cu-NPs로 코팅된 필터는 5분 이내로 대장균(E. coli)을 모두 사멸시킨다. 결과적으로 Cu-NPs 코팅 필터는 실내 환경에 적합한 강력하고 효율적인 포집 및 제거 시스템에 활용될 수 있는 큰 잠재력을 보여준다.