한약 탕제분획의 항 Herpes simplex virus 활성에 관한 연구

강봉주,고병섭,양기상,박갑주 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1

Herpes simplex viruses(HSV) are one of the most common infectious virus of man. Though chemotherapies and antiviotics against HSV have been developed in many countries, but anti-HSV agents were not satisfactory to mankind by their toxic reaction and side effects. In order to search for anti-HSV agents from Korean traditional prescriptions, we extended the number of specimens. Both methanol extract and boiling water extract of the Korean traditional prescriptions were screened to detect anti-HSV activities by MTT assay. Korean traditional prescriptions showing anti-HSV activities as methanol extracts were Paekyo˘psan, Chesu˘pwilyu˘ngtang, Yongdamsangantang, and prescription 11. Four methanol extracts showing anti- HSV activities were fractionated by hexane and their efficacies were tested. Hexane fractionations of Paekyo˘psan, Chesu˘pwilyu˘ngtang, and prescription 11 showed in anti-HSV in tissue culture and their selectivity indexes (SI) were 19.50, 3.32 and 42.90, respectively. Methanol fractionation of Paekyo˘psan showed anti-HSV activities and its SI was 1.40. Especially Paekyo˘psan showed anti-HSV activities both haxane and methanol fractionation.

뇌출혈 동물모델에서 육미지황원의 효과 연구

강봉주,조동욱 한국한의학연구원 2001 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.7 No.1

Intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) is associated with a considerable proportion of strokes and head injuries. The mechanism of brain cell injury associated with hemorrhage may be different from that due to pure ischemia. Therefore, it is essential that models of intracerebral hemorrhage be developed and well characterized in animal model. Yukmijihwangwon (YM) has been known to reinforce the vital essence and have antioxidant activities. In this study, the protective effects of YM was investigated against ICH in animal models. Adult rats had 2 microliters saline containing 0.5 and 5 unit bacterial collagenase ifused into the right caudate nucleus. It was found out that YM was effective in protecting brain against ICH.

저산소상태에서 육미지황원의 뇌신경세포 보호효과에 대한 연구

강봉주,홍성길,조동욱 한국한의학연구원 2001 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.7 No.1

Yukmijinhwangwon(YM) has been known to reinforce the vital essence and have antioxidant activities. This study was designed to examine the inhibitory effects of YM against in vitro hypoxia/reperfusion-induced inflammatory response. We have characterized the production of prostaglandin E₂and arachidonic acid during hypoxia/reperfusion in the human neuroblastoma SK-N-MC and human monocytic macrophage U937 cells and the ingibitory effect of YM on these inflammation-related substance formation has been found out in this study. To investigate inhibition of COX expression by YM during hypoxia in vitro. This result suggested that YM used in this experiment reinforced antiinflammatory potentials and protected cells against hypoxia/reperfusion induced inflammatory response.

ICQ-MRA 호혜주의 확산을 통한 인정제도의 발전방안 : WTO/FTA TBT와 미중 디지털 표준화 경쟁 가속화를 중심으로

강봉주,이양기 한국무역통상학회 2021 무역통상학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Manufacturing companies whose main purpose is to export are recognizing the importance of utilizing knowledge-based resources as a means to replace their very scarce resources and capabilities and are increasingly emphasizing them. This research studied the contribution and expansion strategies of companies that obtained international certification qualification to trade export performance due to the conclusion of the ICQ-MRA mutual reciprocity agreement. There are a number of AEO-MRA researches in the previous studies that reviewed MRA, but relatively a few researches specifically identified the actual relationship to ICQ international certified exporters through the conclusion of ICQ-MRA. Therefore, this thesis has been researched to present the effects that companies can actually feel from the economic point of view.

MPP^+와 6-OHDA에 대한 한약탕제의 보호효과 연구

강봉주,홍성길,조동욱 한국한의학연구원 1999 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.5 No.1

The effect of herbal medicine on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion(MPP+) and 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA) mediated neurotoxicity was studied in the rat phaeochromocytoma cell line PC12. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that herbal medicine can protect cells from neurotoxiciy caused by MPP+ and 6-OHDA. Exposure of PC12 cells to 0.2mM MPP+ and 50 μM 6-OHDA for 24h resulted in a 50% cell death with respect to the control cells. MPP+ induced cell death was reduced by Yollyounggobondan(延齡固本丹), Sagunjatang(四君子湯), Palmihwan(八味丸), and Palmultang(八物湯) (p<0.05). However, herbal medicines did not protect cells trom degeneration caused by the 6-OHDA. Yollyounggobondan, Yungmijihwangwon(六味地黃元), Palmultang, and Samultnag(四物湯) were effective in protecting against MPP+ induced ATP loss in PC12 cells (p<0.05). Yollyounggobondan and Palmultang were effect in neurite protection against 6-OHDA treatment in differentiated PC12 cells with NGF.

Strategies to build competitiveness in Korean conformity assessment through SDoC and mutual reciprocity recognition

강봉주 한국국제상학회 2022 國際商學 Vol.37 No.3

Purpose : The common international language of trade is 'Standard'. Conformity assessment activities, such as certification, inspection, testing, and approval, are closely related to the standards and build confidence in the products and services that consumers or end users purchase. For this reason, conformity assessments are essential in operating a company in the global market and play a significant role in international trade transactions of goods and services. Research design, data and methodology : This study approached the concept of conformity assessment, technology theory, and international business perspective through previous studies. Korean and international conformity assessment-related systems were analyzed. The results were derived from literature research by dividing the SDoC 1st party inspection activity and Mutual Recognition 2nd party and 3rd party inspection activities. Results : Korea's conformity assessment diffusion strategy was proposed in response to the era of international standardization competition. First, to respond quickly to the standardization competition of major powers, the Supplier Self-Declaration of Conformity (SDoC) system for cooperative suppliers should be urgently applied and expanded. In other words, the conformity assessment system should be strengthened by spreading self-reports of primary suppliers to expand Korea's conformity assessment procedure, which plays a vital role in the international trade process, and implement it on the international stage. Second, international standards, standards, and relevant regulations must be strictly and reliably observed and implemented for the spread of conformity assessments. Third, international applicability must be secured through an international mutual recognition agreement for conformity assessment activities. Finally, to establish such a system and eliminate overlapping risks, the government should establish a national organization that can serve as a government-wide control tower that can lead and efficiently manage conformity assessment activities beyond the enactment and revision stage of application standards. This is necessary. Conclusions : The core of this thesis is recognizing the importance of conformity assessment activities and proliferation, which are essential intangible assets of exporting companies. Compared to previous domestic and overseas studies, the academic and practical implications of this study are as follows. Although research on the SDoC self-conformity declaration system has been conducted, there is no case suggesting a specific spread method. In addition, it will be possible for manufacturing companies to apply the mutually beneficial recognition suggested in the study to achieve high performance in the global overseas export market. Moreover, it will be possible to realize realistic profits for exporting companies through cost reduction and shortening of the period required for export and conformity assessment procedures, and it will also provide practical implications in that there is a need and value for continuous improvement in the future. However, for competing countries, such as China, which is using its standards and diffusion strategy by presenting the 14.5th manufacturing standard 2035 strategy, the Korean government should strive to realize the conformity assessment diffusion strategy presented in this study through diplomatic and trade negotiations in the future. In conclusion, this study is significant because it recognized the importance of the international conformity assessment process and provided an effective way to spread the Korean conformity assessment system and its detailed role.

Relief of liability for damages and strengthening of Korea's maritime trade through MRA application of International Classification Association

강봉주 한국무역통상학회 2022 무역통상학회지 Vol.22 No.5

This study examines the entire process from design, which is the initial stage of construction of ships and oceans, which are responsible for the largest amount of logistics and transportation among types of trade, to final approval, and delivery of maritime trade through final export in various stages of maritime transportation. The purpose of a International Classification Society is to provide classification and statutory services and assistance tothe maritime industry and regulatory bodies as regards maritime safety and pollution prevention, based on the accumulation of maritime knowledge and technology. It is an attestation only that the vessel is in compliance with the Rulesthat have been developed and published by theSociety issuing the classification certificate. In this study, based on the IACS process, which has such ambiguous grounds and standards, the contractual liability for damages was resolved, and Korea's maritime trade growth and international exports were revitalized by applying the International Classification Association MRA. The contents are summarized as follows. irst, MRA is applied to 1st party Inspection and Declaration, 2nd party Inspection and Qualification, and 3rd party Inspection and Certification for Manufacturing Procedure and Process. By applying the MRA (International Mutual Recognition Agreement) process based on the International Classification Society standards and standards to these three types of international classification approval certification and manufacturer certification, the direct cost reduction and It is clear that it will clearly present the standards for export approval and certification through absolute time reduction, and will make a great contribution to the development of export manufacturing companies and all industries in Korea. Second, through the application of MRA to Design Assessments of products and services used in maritime trade, the structure of the shipbuilding, offshore and special ship industries is strengthened, and the Korean maritime industry is strengthened by reducing the construction period and direct costs, and maritime trade can be a shortcut to strengthening to be. Third, by applying MRA to the working process of the International Classification Association for export goods and export services that require maritime trade, it is possible to simplify the procedure and reduce the working period and cost. Fourth, by promoting the integration of the classification society rules first and applying MRA, it is possible to eventually promote the integration of international standards. Finally, the application of MRA to international maritime export products and services is a fundamental means of resolving the liability for damages in the essential contract of maritime trade and export.

한약단미제 및 탕제의 항 Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 활성탐색

강봉주,양기상,김명희,박갑주,Kang, Bong-Joo,Yang, Ki-Sang,Kim, Myung-Hee,Park, Kap-Joo 대한미생물학회 1997 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.27 No.2

향약집성방 및 동의보감등 한의학 서적을 기초로 하여 선택한 탕제 45종과 단미제 80종의 메탄올과 열수추출물을 가지고 MTT assay를 실시하여 항Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1)에 대한 활성을 조사하였다. 열수추출 탕제 45종 중 백사전방, 현람방I, 현람방II, 반천청방 4종에서 항 HSV-1 활성을 나타냈고, 이들의 SI (selective index)값은 $2.1{\pm}0.5$에서 $11.8{\pm}2.2$ 범위의 값을 가졌으며 메탄올추출 탕제 45종 중에서는 단치시호탕III, 반천청방, 정향울금방, 대황오배자고, 홍인락삼등방, 호장해독탕에서 활성을 보였고 이들의 SI값은 $1.7{\pm}0.2$에서 $10.5{\pm}3.1$ 범위의 값을 나타냈다. 열수추출 단미제 중계지, 관중, 구인분, 대황, 자화지정, 포공영, 호장근, 황백등 8종에서 항 HSV-1 활성이 나타났고, 이들의 SI값은 $1.6{\pm}0.1$에서 $10.2{\pm}0.7$ 범위의 값을 가졌으며 메탄올추출 탕제 중에서는 계지, 목방기, 상지, 호장근에서 활성을 보였고 이들의 SI 값은 $2.9{\pm}1.5$에서 $9.3{\pm}0.5$ 범위의 값을 나타내었다. 처방제 중 반천청방은 열수추출물과 메탄올 추출물 모두에서 항바이러스 활성을 나타냈고, 단미제 중 계지와 호장근도 열수와 메탄올 추출물 모두에서 항바이러스 활성을 보였다. 이들 탕제 및 단미제는 분획 및 분석실험을 실시하여 활성성분을 추적하고 있다. In order to search for anti-Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-1 agents from Korean medicinal herbs and Korean traditional prescriptions (herb complexes), we selected 80 medicinal herbs and 45 prescriptions, based on a review of the Korean traditional medicine books. Both methanol extracts and boiling-water extracts were tested by means of the MTT assay (tetrazolium based colorimetric assay). Ten of the 125 methanol extracts: CM-11, CM-18, CM-19, CM-21, CM-22, CM-39, MM-3, MM-18, MM-29, MM-73 (see explanation of nomenclature below), showed efficacy against HSV-1. Twelve of the water extracts: CW-2, CW-3-I, CW-3-II, CW-18, MW-3, MW-5 MW-6, MW-12, MW-47, MW-69, MW-73 and MW-79 were active. #3 (individual herb) and #73 (individual herb) were interesting because both water and methanol extracts were active. Especially, #3 is a part of composition of Hong-il-$laksamd{\check{u}}ngbang$ and Hojanghaedokt'ang which have anti-HSV-1 activitives. The SI value of MW-69 and CW-18 was relative high as $10.2{\pm}0.7$ and $11.8{\pm}2.2$. The cytotoxic effect on Vera cells of $Panch'{\check{o}}nch'onch'{\check{o}}ngbang$, Taraxacum platycarpum H. Dahlst. and acycloguanosine was determined by MTT assay. Water extracts of $Panch'{\check{o}}nch'onch'{\check{o}}ngbang$ (prescription) and Taraxacum platycarpum H. Dahlst. showed very weak cytotoxic effects on Vero cells at > $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ but acycloguanosine showed strang cytotoxic effects on Vera cells at > $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. As a result, #3, #73, MW-69 and CW-18 are considered as potentially useful for anti-HSV-1 agent and will be the focus of further research. Abbreviations: CM - methanol extracts of traditional prescriptions; CW - water extracts of traditional prescriptions; MM - methanol extracts of individual herbs; MW - water extracts of individual herbs.

Herpes simplex 바이러스의 유전학적 특성에 관한 연구

강봉주,최환수,최선미,신현규,조동욱,박갑주,Kang, Bong-Joo,Choi, Whan-Soo,Choi, Sun-Mi,Shin, Hyun-Kyoo,Cho, Dong-Wuk,Park, Kap-Joo 한국한의학연구원 1995 한국 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.1 No.1

In order to facilitate the molecular characterization of the Herpes simplex Virus types 1 and types 2 genome DNAs, a gene library of cloned restriction frtgments have been produced. The Vero cells were infected with HSV-1 and HSV-2. 48 hours after infection, the infected cells Ivere Iysed, and multinucleated giant cells were observed approximately at seventy-two hours postinfection. The multiplication of HSV-1 and HSV-2 was observed in Vero cells using electromicroscopy. The nucleocapsids in nuclei were obseryed, and the assembled virions were budded out through the vacuole, and the virions were released from the cells. HSV-1 and HSV-2 was analyzed by digestion of their genome DANs with restriction ensymes. HSV-1 and HSV-2 genome DNAs were digested with BarnHI, Bgfl respectively. The BarnHI rlestriction fragments of HSV-1 and HSV-2 genome DNAs were twenty-seven fragments and thair molecular sizes were ranging $0.70{\sim}15.08$, $4.4{\sim}31.0$ tilobases. The BglII restriction fragments of HSV-1 and HSV-2 genome DNAs were sixteen, eighteen fragments and thair molecular sizes were ranging $4.8{\sim}30.0$, $1.2{\sim}25.0$ kilobases. And then BglII restriction frgments were cloned in Escherichia coli(E.coil) using the plasmid vector pBacPAK9.

이슈 포커스 : IIF, 신흥국 자금유입 회복세 지속 전망1 (10.14)

강봉주,강영숙 국제금융센터 2013 국제금융 Vol.2013 No.11