IT 기술을 이용한 콘크리트 시공관리

김형래,정하선 한국콘크리트학회 2002 콘크리트학회지 Vol.14 No.3

三値論理用 加算器回路의 設計에 關한 硏究

金炯來 건국대학교부설 산업기술연구소 1978 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

Recently the digital electronic engineering is effected on all fields of the engineering and it is a current tendency that the electronic devices are digitaling. In the paper, Ternary logic theory, a important base of digital electronic engineering, is threated and Ternary logic adder are designed and arranged. Adder circuits which are composed of one NOT gate, DOUBLE NOT gate and a Gate Sellector circuit are analyzed theoretically. It is observed that the circuit, designed have a good operational stability and are simplified in circuit configuration, for the half and the full adder.

Baseline Cardiovascular Characteristics of Adult Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease from the KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD)

김형래,유태현,최규헌,오국환,이중엽,김수완,김태희,성수아,한승혁 대한의학회 2017 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.32 No.2

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We report the baseline cardiovascular characteristics of 2,238 participants by using the data of the KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) study. The cohort comprises 5 subcohorts according to the cause of CKD: glomerulonephritis (GN), diabetic nephropathy (DN), hypertensive nephropathy (HTN), polycystic kidney disease (PKD), and unclassified. The average estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 50.5 ± 30.3 mL/min−1/1.73 m−2 and lowest in the DN subcohort. The overall prevalence of previous CVD was 14.4% in all patients, and was highest in the DN followed by that in the HTN subcohort. The DN subcohort had more adverse cardiovascular risk profiles (higher systolic blood pressure [SBP], and higher levels of cardiac troponin T, left ventricular mass index [LVMI], coronary calcium score, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity [baPWV]) than the other subcohorts. The HTN subcohort exhibited less severe cardiovascular risk profiles than the DN subcohort, but had more severe cardiovascular risk features than the GN and PKD subcohorts. All these cardiovascular risk profiles were inversely correlated with eGFR. In conclusion, this study shows that the KNOW-CKD cohort exhibits high cardiovascular burden, as other CKD cohorts in previous studies. Among the subcohorts, the DN subcohort had the highest risk for CVD. The ongoing long-term follow-up study up to 10 years will further delineate cardiovascular characteristics and outcomes of each subcohort exposed to different risk profiles.

공기 중 코로나바이러스 고농축 시스템과 공기 중 박테리아 고속 모니터링 시스템

김형래,정진상,황정호 한국대기환경학회 2021 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10

특정 감염성 바이러스의 공기 중 농도는 매우 낮으므로 이들을 가장 보편적인 검출 방식인 PCR을 통해 검출해내기 위해서는 액체에 포집해야 한다. 설계된 전기집진 방식은 바이러스를 손상 없이 안전하게 포집할 수 있으며 약 100 nm의 입경을 갖는 바이러스에 대한 포집효율이 매우 높으므로 포집 시간을 단축할 수 있다. 전기집진 방식을 통해 액체에 포집된 바이러스는 연속적으로 유체채널에 공급되며 내부에 설치된 Concanavalin A (ConA)가 코팅된 자성입자와 흡착을 일으켜 실시간 농축된다. 10분의 포집 및 농축 과정이 끝나면 고농축된 바이러스를 수거하여 PCR 장치로 전달하여 공기 중 바이러스 모니터링이 가능하다. 이 시스템을 활용하여 세브란스 병원의 신종코로나바이러스 확진자의 입원실에서 공기 중 신종코로나바이러스를 빠르게 검출했다. 아데노신삼인산(ATP) 생물발광법을 통해 공기 중 박테리아를 5분 이내에 모니터링하는 시스템을 개발했다. ATP는 세포 내 에너지대사 물질로서 루시페린과 루시페라제와 화학반응을 일으켜 빛을 내는 성질이 있고 빛의 양은 박테리아 양과 비례한다. 따라서 빛의 양을 측정하여 공기 중 박테리아의 농도를 정량화할 수 있다. 면봉에 공기 중 박테리아를 포집할 수 있도록 공기포집기를 설계 및 제작했다. 면봉에 포집된 박테리아는 시판되고 있는 ATP 생물발광 키트에 삽입하여 화학반응 후 광도계를 통해 빛의 강도를 측정했다. 빛의 강도는 고전적인 측정 방식인 배양법과 상관관계가 높은 것(R²= 0.8994)을 확인하였다.

한국감리교회의 기독교 입문에 대한 역사적 고찰

김형래 한국실천신학회 2011 신학과 실천 Vol.0 No.27

오늘의 목회현장에서 대두되는 가장 어려운 문제들 가운데 하나는 세례를 단지 과거의 기억에만 간직하고 있는 교인들에게 오늘을 살아가는 새로운 삶의 원천이자 미래의 지표로 인식시킴으로써 본래 세례를 통해 얻어야 하는 그리스도인의 참된 영성을 회복시키는 것이다. 본 소논문은 한국감리교회에서 형성되고 변화되어온 그리스도인이 되는 과정을 역사적으로 살펴봄으로써 한국감리교회라는 울타리 안에서 이 문제를 해결하기 위한 실천적 방안들을 제시하고자 하는 것이 그 주된 목적이다. 초기 한국감리교회에서 형성되었던 기독교 입문은 세례예식이 성인교인에게 있어서 유일한 입교의식이 아니라 오히려 전체 과정에 있어서 하나의 단계였음을 분명히 보여주고 있다. 성인교인에게 세례와 입교를 하나의 예식으로 행하고 있는 오늘의 기독교대한감리회와는 달리, 초기 한국감리교회에서는 세례가 그리스도인이 되기 위한 중간과정으로 여겨졌으며 반드시 별도의 입교예식을 거쳐야만 했다. 한국감리교회의 기독교 입문의 형성과 변화에 대한 역사적 고찰을 통해서 세례가 성인을 위한 기독교 입문에 있어서 하나의 단계였음을 알 수 있으며, 또한 입교가 세례 못지않은 중요한 단계였다는 사실을 알 수 있다. 그러나 1939년에 세례와 입교 합동예문이 등장한 이후 오늘에 이르기까지 초기 한국감리교회에서 입교예식이 감당했던 최초의 견신과 세례언약 갱신의 기회가 사라졌다. 세례를 받고 하나님의 자녀가 된 그리스도인은 세례를 지나가버린 추억 속의 사건으로만 기억해서는 안 된다. 오늘의 삶 속에서 계속해서 하나님과의 약속이 갱신되고 하나님과의 첫 사랑이 지속적으로 고백되어져야 한다. The Methodist Episcopal Church in Korea first provided two separate rituals (baptism and reception of members) for the process of adult initiation and, in the 1900s, reformed it by adding one more ritual (hakseup [reception of persons on probation]) as a new first ritual. The Methodist Episcopal Church's changed adult initiation track, with three separate rituals (hakseup, baptism, and ipgyo [reception of persons after probation]), was adopted by the united Methodist Church in Korea. In contrast, the Methodist Episcopal Church, South in Korea consistently provided two rituals (baptism and ipgyo) for the process of adult initiation. The process for infant initiation was composed of two rituals (baptism and ipgyo for baptized children) in both Churches, and it was not completely formed until the early 1920s. In contrast, the third track of Christian initiation for children and youth existed only in the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. However, this third track of children and youth initiation disappeared with the formation of the united Methodist Church in Korea in 1930. In addition, because the Korean Methodist Church adopted the Methodist Episcopal Church's rituals for the process of Christian initiations, there were only two tracks of Christian initiation for adults and infants until 2002, when a third track of Christian initiation was created by the approval of a new ritual for the administration of baptism to children. This historical study shows that although the two Methodist Episcopal Churches in Korea were different in the number of rituals for adult initiation, the ritual of baptism was thought of as a step in the process, and not as an end, in both Churches. In 1939, the Korean Methodist Church created a joint ritual of baptism and ipgyo, and abolished the ritual of hakseup in 1996. These changes in the formation of the rituals for adult initiation have resulted in a lack of understanding of Christian initiation as a process. With one ritual, and in one day, the so-called process for adult initiation is completed in the Korean Methodist Church today. It is time to rethink the lost process of Christian initiation in Korean Methodism. Several practical ways could make Korean Methodists regard Christian initiation as a process. First, a new sequence of baptismal renewal for the baptized should be added in today's baptismal rite. Second, John Wesley's Covenant Service could be adapted as a special service for baptismal renewal, especially on the first Sunday every year. Third, the services of the Baptismal Covenant need to appropriately converge around the Lord's Supper. Christian initiation is a life-long formation in which all creatures of God experience rebirth and live a new life. Becoming an initiated Christian today has to be an ongoing experience that requires time and sustained effort in the sacramental nature and union, and could even be a life-long pursuit.

관내마찰저항 시험장치를 활용한 콘크리트의 관내 유동 및 마찰저항 특성의 평가에 관한 연구

김형래,조호규,권대훈,Kim, Hyung-Rae,Jo, Ho-Kyoo,Kwon, Dae-Hun 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.27 No.11

The establishment of the technology for evaluating friction resistance and pipe pressure and the relation of the fluid characteristics and pumpability of concrete is essential for the evaluation of concrete pumping performance for high speed construction of super-tall building. So, this study focuses on quantitative evaluation of concrete fluid characteristics and surface friction resistance under the change of concrete mix proportion and pumping condition. For this, we developed temporary horizontal pumping evaluation system to measure pipe pressure and surface friction characteristics. And, relations between concrete mix proportion and pressure characteristics was investigated by experiment. As the result of the experiment, high regression between the surface friction and pressure gradient was confirmed. And, It means that it is able to evaluate the friction resistance between concrete and pipe by means of the pumping system that includes frictional resistance testing pipe.

자주발진 DC/DC콘버터의 일반적인 해석과 실용적인 설계

金炯來 건국대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 1982 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

This paper deals with a general analysis of self oscillating DC to DC converter which can be modeled by single-loop nonlinear feed back system. For practical design, approximate equations which govern the switching frequency, duty cycle, DC error, and peak to peak output ripple is obtained. The experimental results of the self oscillating DC to DC converter performance are as follows; 1. Switching frequency of self oscillating DC to DC converter is almost never changed by load regulation. 2. Output voltage regulations are within ± 0.2[%]. 3. Maximum converting efficiency is 89.2[%].

제7차 고등학교 교육과정에 의거한 프랑스어 교과서 집필 지침의 특징과 문제점

김형래 한국프랑스어문교육학회 2000 프랑스어문교육 Vol.10 No.-

Dans la situation core´enne de l'enseignement-apprentissage du franc¸ais aux lyce´es, le manuel a pris jusqu'ici et prendra encore dans l'avenir une place incomparablement importante. En ce moment, des me´thodologistes e´laborent un certain nombre de manuels du franc´ais selon les instructions officielles base´es sur la 7e Re´forme Pe´dagogique qui entrera en vigueur en 2002. Ces manuels, pour qu'ils puissent se donner au choix des professeurs, doivent passer l'examen du'un jury, dont on aura le premier re´sultat vers le mois de fe´vrier 2001. Pour passer a` cet examen, un manuel doit e^tre re´dige´ et e´labore´ en observant bien les instructions officielles du Ministe`re de l'Education nationale. Cet article a pour but d'en pre´senter quelques points caracte´ristiques, en comparaison de celles de la 6e Re´forme Pedagogique, et en me^me temps d'en remarquer quelques proble`mes. D'abord, les instructions officielles demandent aux nouveaux manuels une re´duction du volume (environ 30%), une co-e´laboration du <Guide pe´dagogique pour le professeur> et une adaptation d'un plus grand format. Quant au vocabulaire, elles leur imposent d'employer au moins 70% de 801 mots essentiels, en limitant d'ailleurs a` 440 le nombre maximum du vocabulaire du Franc¸ais I et a` 880 (y compris les mots employe´s dans le Franc¸ais I) celui du Fran¸cais II. Du point de vue d'un auteru participant a` l'e´laboration d'un manuel, nous remarquons quelques proble`mes relatifs a` ces instructions officielles. Premie`rement, les Instructions pour le contro^le du vocabulaire ont e´te´ publie´es trop tard en perturbant les travaux d'e´laboration de nouveaux manuels. Deuxie`mement, les instructions officielles, qui imposent une limite de 440 mots pour le Franc¸ais I, diminuent en re´alite´ beaucoup plus largement le nombre du vocabulaire par leurs autres principes. Compte tenu le nombre des mots quasi-indispensables pour un manuel destine´ a` de vrais de´butants, il n'est pas e´vident d'e´laborer avec 440 vocables une me´thode exige´e par la 7e Re´forme Pe´dagogique. Troisie`mement, les Instructions pour le contro^le du vocabulaire ne s'assurent pas elles-me^mes d'une cohe´rence logique, surtout en ce qui concerne les 'mots grammaticaux'. Enfin, une re´gle telle qui proscrit l'apparition du nom d'un personnage vivant ou d'une marque commerciale ne contribuera gue`re, a` nos yeux, a` faire nai^tre des me´thodes mieux re´ussies.

음진법 변환과정에 관한 연구

김형래 건국대학교 공과대학연구소 1975 工大硏究報 Vol.5 No.-

In order to represent a number generally, we have used the positional number system which adopts the concepts of "sign-magnitude". But it has some difficuties to represent and to compute. Because it must have a sign bit and must have complements for negative numbers to arithmetic. These disadventages can be eliminated by using the negative base number system which shows th sign in itself. In this thesis, the common number system is reviewed at the beginning, then conversion algorithm between positive and negative base·system is considered for an abitrary base. These resoults are applied to the logic circuit and base (-2) converter is designed. It is concluded that the negative base number system could be more effective than positive one and would be investigate more for arithmetic unit as a adder or a substractor etc.

무선 온도계측 방식에 의한 구조체 콘크리트의 온도계측 및 양생관리 적응사례

김형래,조호규,조용석,Kim Hyung Rae,Jo Ho Kyoo,Cho Yong Suck 한국콘크리트학회 2004 콘크리트학회지 Vol.16 No.1