탄소나노튜브의 저온성장을 위한 합성가스의 최적화 연구

김영래,전홍준,이한성,곽정춘,황호수,공병윤,이내성,Kim, Young-Rae,Jeon, Hong-Jun,Lee, Han-Sung,Goak, Jeung-Choon,Hwang, Ho-Soo,Kong, Byung-Yun,Lee, Nae-Sung 한국전기전자재료학회 2009 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.22 No.4

This study investigated the growth characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by changing a period of annealing time and a $C_{2}H_{2}/H_2$ flow ratio at temperature as low as $450^{\circ}C$ with inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition. The 1-nm-thick Fe-Ni-Co alloy thin film served as a catalyst layer for the growth of CNTs, which was thermally evaporated on the 15-nm-thick Al underlayer deposited on the 50-nm-thick Ti diffusion barrier. The annealing at low temperature of $450^{\circ}C$ brought about almost no granulation of the catalyst layer, and the CNT growth was not affected by a period of annealing time. A study of changing the flow rate of $C_{2}H_{2}$ and $H_2$ showed that as the ratio of the $C_{2}H_{2}$ flow rate to the $H_2$ flow rate was lowered, the CNTs were grown to be longer With further decreasing the flow ratio, the length of CNTs reached the maximum and then became shorter. Under the optimized gas flow rates, we successfully synthesized CNTs with a uniform length over a 4-inch Si wafer at $450^{\circ}C$.

RF Reactive Sputtering법에 의한 산화주석 박막의 제조 및 특성

김영래,김선필,김성동,김은경,Kim, Young-Rae,Kim, Sun-Phil,Kim, Sung-Dong,Kim, Sarah Eun-Kyung 한국재료학회 2010 한국재료학회지 Vol.20 No.9

Tin oxide thin films were prepared on borosilicate glass by rf reactive sputtering at different deposition powers, process pressures and substrate temperatures. The ratio of oxygen/argon gas flow was fixed as 10 sccm / 60 sccm in this study. The structural, electrical and optical properties were examined by the design of experiment to evaluate the optimized processing conditions. The Taguchi method was used in this study. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis spectrometer, Hall effect measurements and atomic force microscope. Tin oxide thin films exhibited three types of crystal structures, namely, amorphous, SnO and $SnO_2$. In the case of amorphous thin films the optical band gap was widely spread from 2.30 to 3.36 eV and showed n-type conductivity. While the SnO thin films had an optical band gap of 2.24-2.49 eV and revealed p-type conductivity, the $SnO_2$ thin films showed an optical band gap of 3.33-3.63 eV and n-type conductivity. Among the three process parameters, the plasma power had the most impact on changing the structural, electrical and optical properties of the tin oxide thin films. It was also found that the grain size of the tin oxide thin films was dependent on the substrate temperature. However, the substrate temperature has very little effect on electrical and optical properties.

자기공명촬영에서 침강 레벨을 나타낸 뇌하수체 선종 - 증 례 보 고 -

김영래,송준혁,박향권,김성학,신규만,Kim, Young-Rae,Song, Jun-Hyeok,Park, Hyang-Kwon,Kim, Sung-Hak,Shin, Kyu-Man 대한신경외과학회 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.4

We present a rare case of a pituitary adenoma revealing a sedimentation level on MRI, which has not been previously documented. This 55-year-old woman was referred with the diagnosis of craniopharyngioma. She presented with four-month history of progressive headache and visual dimness. Neurological examination revealed a bitemporal hemianopsia and decreased visual acuity. Laboratory data including endocrine examination were unremarkable. An additional three-dimensional MRI was taken for further evaluation, and demonstrated a sedimentation level within the tumor. The patient underwent transcranial removal of the tumor. About 12cc of dark-red blood was aspirated from the tumor. Histological examination revealed a pituitary adenoma with hemorrhage. Postoperatively, the patient showed gradual improvement of visual function. Considering that the pituitary adenoma is one of more common tumors that cause tumoral bleeding, a cystic sellar tumor that has a sedimentation level should be sought first for a pituitary adenoma rather than a craniopharyngioma. This may have an important impact when deciding surgical approach.

십자화과 식물의 나출원형질체의 단리와 그 배양에 관한 연구

김영래,이영복,함인기,박교선,Kim, Young Rae,Lee, Young Bok,Ham, In Ki,Park, Kyo Seon 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1986 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.13 No.2

십자화과 작물중 양배추, 배추 및 유채의 자엽과 엽육조직을 재료로 하여 원형질체 나출과 배양 실험을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 양배추, 배추 및 유채의 자엽과 엽육조직은 품종과 사용부위의 차이없이 공히 1 % Macerozyme 'R-10' 과 1.5% Onozuka 'R-10'이 포항된 E3 효소 용액에서 4 시간 처리하였을 때 우량한 원형질체를 나출할 수 있었다. 2. MS, B5 및 $GK_2$ 배지에서는 갈변현상이 관찰되어 세포분열 유기에는 적합하지 않았으며, NN 배지에서 갈변현상 없이 양호한 세포분열이 이루어졌다. 3. 배추와 유채의 자엽에서 단리한 원형질체는 9.1% D-mannitol, 1% glucose, 1% sucrose, $1mg/{\ell}$ 2,4-D, $0.5mg/{\ell}$ NAA 및 $0.5mg/{\ell}$ BA를 첨가한 NN배지에서 세포분열과 budding을 하였다. 4. 양배추, 배추 및 유채의 엽육조직에서 단리한 원형질체는 9.1% D-mannitol, 1% grucose, 1% sucrose, $1mg/{\ell}$ 2,4-D, $0.5mg/{\ell}$ NAA 및 $0.5mg/{\ell}$ BA를 첨가한 배지에서 세포분열과 budding을 하였고, 특히 유채의 나출원형질체는 cell cluster를 거쳐 colony까지 분화하였다. The study was carried out to identify several factors affecting isolation and culture of cotyledone and leaf mesophyll protoplasts of cabbage (Brassica oleraceae), petsai (B.campestris subsp. pekinensis) and rape (B.napus). High viable protoplasts could be obtained when the cotyledon and the leaf mesophyll tissue of all species were treated with enzyme solution composed of 1% macerozyme 'R-10', 1.5% Onozuka 'R-10', 10% mannitol and 50,0 mM $CaCl_22H_2O$ for 4 hours. The protoplasts which obtained from the cotyledon of all species except the cabbage and the leaf mesophyll tissue of all species were divided on NN culture medium supplemented with 9.1% mannitol, 1% glucose, 1% sucrose, $1mg/{\ell}$ 2,4-D, $0.5mg/{\ell}$ NAA and $0.5mg/{\ell}$ BA. The division of the rape leaf mesophyll protoplasts were continued and led to colony.

자기공명촬영으로 확인된 횡단성 척수염 29례에 대한 후향적 분석

김영래,송준혁,박향권,김성학,Kim, Young-Rae,Song, Jun-Hyeok,Park, Hyang-Kwon,Kim, Sung-Hak 대한신경외과학회 2000 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.29 No.12

Objectives : Transverse myelitis(TM) is characterized by bilateral motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction of the spinal cord in the absence of pre-existing neurologic disease. It is an uncommon but not rare condition. But it remains as poorly understood syndrome not only etiologically but also in terms of its clinical behavior. Neurosurgically, It is often quite difficult to distinguish from other surgical intramedullary lesions. We present our clinical experiences of TM in order to assess its clinical behavior and to define the radiological characteristics that can distinguish TM from other intramedullary lesions. Methods : From June 1991 to May 1997, twenty-nine patients with transverse myelitis were admitted to our department. All cases revealed acute or subacute syndrome of non-compressive myelopathy and intramedullary lesions in the MRI. We analyze the radiological data and medical records retrospectively. Results : Patients ranged in age from 16 to 66 years, with 22 males and 7 females. Mean follow-up period was 53 months. For the offending levels, cervical was 5, thoracic 21, and lumbar 3 in number. The patients who presented the return of symptoms after a diminution or abatement of initial symptoms were 7(24%). In the MRI, TM showed typical characteristics of high signal intensity lesions in the center of spinal cord in T2 weighted images and low- to iso-signal intensity in T1 weighted images. A focal nodular enhancement pattern was observed in 58.6%(17/29) of the patients. MR follow-up studies were done in the 21 patients and radiological improvement were verified. Biopsies were done in 3 patients. Normal to good outcome was achieved in 62% of the patients. Conclusion : Transverse myelitis has characteristic radiological findings that can be distinguished from other intramedullary lesions. In our series, it is associated with significant recurrence rates thus, should not be considered a selflimiting disease with good prognosis.

수확전(收穫前) Daminozide의 살포(撒布)와 수확후(收穫後) 절화보존제(切花保存劑)의 처리(處理)가 절화백합(切花百合)의 수명(壽命)과 Ethylene발생(發生)에 미치는 영향(影響)

김영래,이종석,Kim, Young Rae,Lee, Jong Suk 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1982 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.9 No.2

수확전(收穫前) daminozide의 살포(撒布)와 수확후(收穫後) 보존용액(保存溶液)의 처리(處理)가 절화백합(切花百合)의 수명(壽命)과 품질(品質) 및 ethylene 발생(發生)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 밝히고 아울러 ethylene과 절화백합(切花百合)의 노화(老化)와의 관계(關係)를 검토(檢討)하고자 품종(品種) Georgia를 공시(供試)하여 몇가지 보존용액(保存溶液) 처리(處理)와 damiozie 엽면살포(葉面撒布) 및 ethephon 처리(處理)를 하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 절화백합(切花百合)에 sucrose, $AgNO_3$, AS, BA 용액(溶液)을 단독(單獨) 또는 혼용처리(混用處理)하였던 바 단독처리(單獨處理)에서는 $AgNO_3$ 25~50 ppm구(區)가 흡수량(吸水量)이 많고 신선중(新鮮重)이 무거웠으며 수명(壽命)도 가장 길었다. 혼용처리(混用處理)에서는 sucrose 2.5%+$AgNO_3$ 50 ppm+AS 200ppm+BA 10 ppm 처리구(處理區)가 절화백합(切花百合)의 품질향상(品質向上)과 수명연장(壽命延長)에 가장 효과적(效果的)이었다. 2. 수확(收穫) 2일전(日前) 봉오리 상태(狀態)의 백합(百合)에 daminozide 500 ppm을 살포(撒布)한 후(後) 수확(收穫)하여 보존용액(保存溶液)(sucrose 5%+$AgNO_3$ 50 ppm+HQ 150 ppm)에 보존(保存)한 꽃은 화중증가(花重增加)가 컸고 수명(壽命)이 현저(顯著)히 길었다. 3. 절화백합(切花百合)의 ethylene 발생량(發生量)은 ethephon 처리(處理)에 의해 현저(顯著)히 증가(增加)되었으나, 이렇게 다량(多暈)의 ethylene을 발생(發生)시킨 꽃도 즉시 노화(老化)되지 않고 서서히 노화(老化)되는 양상(樣相)을 보였다. 4. 절화백합(切花百合)에 대한 보존용액(保存溶液)의 ethylene 발생억제(發生抑制) 효과(效果)는 매우 컸으나 수명연장(壽命延長) 효과(效果)는 그만큼 크지 않았다. 5. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)로 보아 ethylene은 절화백합(切花百合)의 노화(老化)를 촉진(促進)하는 중요(重要)한 요인(要因)이기는 하지만 ethylene생성(生成) 억제(抑制)만으로는 백합(百合)의 노화(老化)를 뚜렷이 억제(抑制)하기는 어려울 것으로 판단(判斷)된다. This study was conducted to clarify the effects of daminozide (butanedioic acid mono-(2,2 - dimethylhydrazide)) sprayed 2 days be fore harvest and floral preservative solutions on longevity, quality and ethylene production of 'Georgia' cut lily for prolonging vase life and improving quality of cut lily flowers. And also the relation between ethylene production and flower senescence of cut lily was studied. 1. Lilies held in silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) at 25 and 50 ppm were increased in solution uptake, fresh weight, and flower longevity. The solution of 2.5% sucrose+50 ppm $AgNO_3$+200 ppm aluminum sulfate+10 ppm 6-benzylamino purine prolonged vase life and improved quality of cut lily flowers. 2. Lilies sprayed with 500 ppm daminozide 2 days be fore harvest and then held in the preservative solution (5% sucrose+50 ppm $AgNO_3$+150ppm 8-hydroxyquinoline) after harvest were significantly increased in fresh weight and vase life as compared with non-sprayed (control) flowers. 3. Ethylene production from cut lily was increased by ethephon ((2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid) treatment. The flowers producing a lot of ethylene, however, were senesced slowly instead of rapid wilting. 4. The preservative solution markedly reduced ethylene production of cut lily but prolonged vase life for only a few days. 5. These results suggest that ethylene be one of the most important factors promoting flower senescence of cut lily, but it be very difficult to prolong vase life remarkably by only inhibition of ethylene production in cut lily.

지방정부와 시민사회단체간의 뉴 거버넌스 관계 연구

김영래(KIM Young Rae) 지역사회학회 2005 지역사회학 Vol.7 No.1

본 논문은 지방화 시대(Age of Localization)를 맞이하여 변화된 정치사회 환경에서 지방정치가 어떠한 거버넌스를 형성하여 지역사회를 운영하고 있는가를 고찰하였다. 특히 최근 주요한 정치행위자(political actor)로 등장하고 있는 시민사회단체가 지방정부와 종래와는 다른 새로운 관계 설정을 통하여 거버넌스를 형성하고 있는가에 초점을 두어 연구하였다. 시민사회단체 (Civil Society Organizations: CSO)는 최근 정책결정과정이나 국민여론 형성에 있어 상당한 영향력을 행사하고 있으며, 이는 지역사회에서도 마찬가지이다. 특히 지방화 시대에 있어 국가 및 지역발전을 위한 동인으로서의 지방정부와 시민사회단체간에 형성되는 뉴거버넌스는 새로운 정치사회 운영체제로서 등장하고 하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 거버넌스보다 뉴 거버넌스는 시민사회단체와의 관계를 더욱 심화시키는 운영체로서 새로운 파트너십의 정립이라는 차원에서 지방정부와 시민사회단체간에 상호 협력관계를 더욱 강화시키고 있다는 인식하에 일본 지방정부에서 실시되고 있는 뉴 거버넌스의 사례 고찰을 통하여 지방정부와 시민사회단체간의 뉴 거버넌스 정립 방안을 논하고 있다. This paper is to focus on the relationship of new governance between local government and civil society organizations. The 21st century is, so we called, age of localization and age of civil society. These two concepts are major influential factors in the explanation of political and social situations. Recently the term of governance is useful in analyzing on the management of local government with regards to civil society organizations as one of political actor. In particular, the concept of new governance is to be assumed as new institution for partnership between local government and civil society organization. In this paper, the case of new governance between local government and civil society organization is those of Japanese experiences.

캐나다 시민사회단체의 정치참여 특성 연구

김영래(Young Rae Kim) 한국캐나다학회 2005 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.11 No.-

케톤식이요법으로 6개월 이상 완전히 발작이 조절된 난치성 소아간질의 임상특징 및 뇌파특성

김영래(Young Rae Kim),김흥동(Heung Dong Kim) 대한소아신경학회 2000 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Purpose: The efficacy of ketogenic diet in intractable childhood epilepsy has been reported in Korea. The aim of this retrospective study is to elicit the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of intractable childhood epilepsy, who can be successfully treated by ketogenic diet and to determine the favorable outcome group for ketogenic diet in intractable chilhood epilepsy. Methods: We investigated clinical seizure type, epilepsy classification, underlying etiologies, clinical characteristics, EEG findings, response to treatments, and prognosis were studied in 41 patients with complete seizure remission over 6 months after ketogenic diet as compared with unsuccessful group among 96 patients of trial from July 1995 to October 1999 at the pediatric department of and epilepsy center at Sang-gye Paik Hospital, Inje University. Results: 1) Complete seizure remission over 6 months were obtained in 15 patients of infantile spasms(IS), 6 cases of Lennox-Gastaut syndrorne(LGS), 4 cases of periodic spasms, 3 cases of severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy(SMEI), 1 case of Landau-Kleffner syndrome, 8 cases of other type of partial epilepsies. 2) Ketogenic diet was more effective in infantile spasms and periodic spasms but least effective in Lennox-Gastaut syndome. 3) In same types of epilepsies, ketogenic diet was more effective in patients with less frequent seizures, less severe EEG findings and earlier controlling seizures. Conclusions: Ketogenic diet was most effective in infantile spasms, patients with less frequent seizure in same type of epilepsy, less severe EEG findings in same seizure type, and patients who seizures stopped sooner after administration of ketogenic diet. 목적 : 케톤식이요법이 난치성 소아 간질에 효과적인 것이 국내에서도 보고되었다. 본 연구는 케톤식이요법으로 잘 치료된 환자들의 임상적 특징 및 뇌파적 특성을 알아보고 치료반응이 좋은 군의 특징을 알아보아 치료역 기여하고자 한다. 방법 : 1995년 7월부터 1999년 10월까지 인제의대 상계백병원 소아과, 간질센터에서 케톤성 식이요법을 시행한 96명 중에 6개월 이상 발작이 완전히 조절된 41명의 환자들을 완전히 조절되지 않은 군과 비교하여 임상적인 발작 유형, 간질분류, 원인, 임상적 특징, 뇌파소견, 치료의 반응 및 예후를 알아보았다. 결과 : 6개월 이상 완전히 발작이 조절된 경우가 영아 연축이 15례, Lennox-Gastaut 증후군이 6례, 일과성 연축이 4례, severe myoclonci epilepsy in infancy가 3례, Landau-Kleffner 증후군이 1례, 부분 발작이 8례였다. 케톤식이요법이 영아 연축과 일과성 연축에 더 효과적이었으나 Lennox-Gastaut 증후군에서는 상대적으로 효과가 적었다. 동일한 발작 종류에서 발작 횟수가 적을수록 그리고 뇌파의 손상 정도가 심하지 않을수록 그리고 조기에 발작이 조절될수록 케톤식이요법이 더 효과적이었다. 결론 : 케톤성 식이요법은 영아 연축에서 가장 효과적이었고 동일한 발작 종류에서 발작의 빈도가 적을수록, 뇌파의 이상 정도가 심하지 않을수록, 케톤성 식이요법을 시작하고서 조기에 발작이 조절될수록, 케톤식이요법의 치료반응이 좋았다.

여가활동의 시·공간적 이용특성 분석

김영래(Kim, Young-Rae),배만규(Bae, Man-Gyou) 한국관광레저학회 2012 관광레저연구 Vol.24 No.3