비타민 D₂ 강화 표고버섯과 해조칼슘 첨가 냉면의 저장성 예측 - 연구노트 -

정숙현,오혜숙,윤교희,Chung, Sook-Hyun,Oh, Hae-Sook,Yoon, Kyo-Hie 한국식품영양과학회 2007 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.36 No.9

비타민 $D_2$ 강화한 표고버섯(3%)과 해조칼슘을 첨가하여 비살균 제품이며 숙면에 속하는 냉면을 제조한 후, 편의식 개발을 목적으로 저장성을 예측하고자 하였다. $5^{\circ}C$에서 8일간 냉장저장하면서 미생물 및 관능적 품질 변화를 관찰한 결과, 냉면의 초기 세균 수는 2.54 log CFU/g 정도였으며, 냉장 조건에서 6일까지는 세균수가 5 log CFU/g 이하로서 식용에 적합하다고 판단되었다. 버섯냉면을 8일간 냉장저장 중에는 이취를 인식하지 못하였고 육안으로는 곰팡이 발생여부를 확인할 수 없었다. 표고버섯 첨가냉면을 총 8주 동안 냉동저장$(-18^{\circ}C)$하여 검사한 결과, 총세균수는 $770{\sim}160$ CFU/g 정도로 저장기간 중 유의적 차이를 보였으나 전 기간에 걸쳐 숙면의 저장가능 조건인 $1{\times}10^5$ CFU/g 이하로서 8주까지는 유통 및 저장 조건이 잘 유지된다면 미생물적 품질은 비교적 안전할 것으로 여겨진다. 윤기, 버섯 향, 쌉쌀한 맛, 씹힘성 및 탄력성의 관능특성은 8주간의 냉동저장 기간 동안 제조 직후와 비교할 때 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 이 결과는 미생물검사 결과와 함께 저장 안정성이 매우 큼을 시사하는 것으로 여겨진다. Cold buckwheat noodles with 3% vitamin D2 enriched Siitake mushroom and seaweed derived calcium (Aquacal) added as functional ingredients were developed. For the prediction of shelf-life of these cold buckwheat noodles, classified as unsterilized cooked noodles, bacterial counts and sensory evaluations were examined during 8 days under refrigerated conditions (5oC) and 8 weeks of storage under frozen conditions $(-18^{\circ}C)$. Results of bacterial count showed that cold buckwheat noodles were microbiologically safe within 6 days at the storage temperature of $5^{\circ}C$ and the shelf-life of these noodles could be extended to 8 whole weeks when stored at $-18^{\circ}C$. Apparent qualities (off-flavor and fungi development) of cold buckwheat noodles kept in $5^{\circ}C$ were not decreased within 8 days. Sensory characteristics (gloss, mushroom flavor, bitterness, chewiness and elasticity) of noodles were not changed during 8 weeks at $-18^{\circ}C$.

Saccharomyces bayanus에 의한 Glucose 용액의 발효중 생성된 휘발성 성분과 저장중 이 성분들의 분석 - 1. 중성분획

정숙현(Sook-Hyun Chung) 한국식품영양과학회 1995 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.24 No.6

Yeast-Carbon-Base배지로 조성된 glucose용액을 Saccharomyces bayanus로 pH 3.5, 25℃, 400rpm, 그리고 발효 초기 24시간 동안만 35L/h로 통기시키면서 64시간 만에 alcohol 발효를 완료시켜, 발효 중 생성된 휘발성 성분과 이들 발효액을 여러 조건에서 숙성(25℃에서 6주, 13℃에서 12주, 35℃에서 24시간)시켰을 때 휘발성 성분의 변화를 GC-MS로 분석하였다. 20개의 ester, 14개의 alcohol, 5개의 aldehyde, 5개의 ketone, 5개의 lactone, 2개의 함황성분과 1개의 hydrocarbon이 발효중 생성되었다. Ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-methyl pentanoate, ethyl succinate, nonanol과 phenylacetaldehyde 등이 발효액의 저장 중 새로이 생성되었다. Ester는 일반적으로 저장 중 증가되었고, 13℃에서 12주간 저장된 시료에서 가장 크게 증가되어 본 실험에서 분석된 22개의 ester 중 17개가 증가하였다. 35℃에서 24시간 저장된 시료에서는 13개의 증가된 ester 중 ethyl 9-hexadecenoate의 증가가 가장 현저하였다. ldehyde는 35℃ 저장에서 크게 증가되었으나 13℃ 저장에서는 감소되었다. Isobutanal, benzaldehyde와 phenylacetaldehyde는 35℃ 저장에서 현저하게 증가하였다. Alcohol과 lactone은 저장 중 감소되고 ketone은 증가되었다. Twenty esters, 14 alcohols, 5 aldehydes, 5 ketones, 5 lactones, 2 S-containing compounds and 1 hydrocarbon are identified by GC-MS from volatile compounds in a glucose solution containing Yeast-Carbon-Base medium fermented for 64 hrs by Saccharomyces bayanus at pH 3.5, 25℃, 400rpm and 35L/h of aeration for 24hrs. Under the different conditions of conservation(1~4), ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-methyl pentanoate, ethyl succinate, nonanol and phenylacetaldehyde are produced during conservation of fermented solution. 17 esters increased during conservation at 13℃ for 12 weeks and the increase of ethyl 9-hexadecenoate is important among 13 esters increased during conservation at 35℃ for 24hrs. During conservation, aldehydes increased at 35℃, but decreased at 13℃ and the great increase of isobutanal, benzaldehyde and phenylacetaldehyde is observed at 35℃. Alcohol and lactones increased but ketones decreased during conservation.

자기주도학습력향상을 위한 수업모형 연구

현정숙,박영태 동아대학교 교육대학원 1999 동아교육논총 Vol.25 No.-

It is very important for the learners to develop their ability to judge, select subjectively and learn information and knowledge necessary for themselves in the current open society towards learning. In this respect, for the development of this ability, school education must put a stress upon the premises that learners can prepare for the basis of learning for continuing education in the course of life and that they can develop the self-directed learning ability in order to think themselves and to search for a truth. Therefore, this study aims to develop instructional model so that the learners can improve a self-directed learning ability through school education. The questions for research are raised for a successful investigation as follows: First, what characteristics do the constituent factors of children have in their self-directed learning ability? Second, what is the concrete plan for the improvement of constituent factors in their selfdirected learning ability? Third, what is the integrated intructional model for the improvement of self-directed learning ability in children? The conclusions can be obtained in this study as follows: First, it can be proved that children have an ability in all the constituent factors of self-directed learning ability such as openness, self-concept, intrinsic motivation, autonomy, creativity, ability to problem-solving, self-evaluation and so on, but that their ability in specific constituent factors show lower than adults. Second, the individual teaching plans for the improvement of self-directed learning ability can include the establishment of purpose, preparation of conditions for learning, forning human relationship, supporting learning, the organization of learning group, proper homework, learning contract, the chances of the various experience and practice, self-evaluation, the role of teachers and so on. Third, the plans for the improvement of self-directed learning ability through analysis of study and instructional model which the improvement of children’s self-directed learning ability are meaningful learning matters, teacher’s activities, learning context, environment of learners, meaning creation of learners, learning contract. Fourth, the integrated instructional model for the improvement of self-directed learning ability consists of learners’ activities, and teachers’ activities are suggested in order to guide, promote and instruct learners’ activities. This is to put an emphasis upon the mutual cooperation between children and their teachers after due consideration into characteristic of children’s development during instruction. The activities of learners include the choice of subject for learning, meaning creation of learners, the establishment of concreate learning target self-evaluation, evaluation of comrade and self-reinforcement. The activities of teachers include preparation of conditions for learning based upon the various conditions of information, the choice of subject for learning and its suggestion, offering motive for learning creation, controlling members of group, evaluation of performance, and teachers’ reinforcement. Teaching by this integrated instructional model will enable children to develop their own ability of the specific constituent factors wanting, and this will promote elementary school children’s self-directed learning ability.

엽차용 녹차 추출물 및 분획물의 항균효과

정숙현(Sook Hyun Chung),윤교희(Kyo Hie Yoon) 한국식품영양과학회 2008 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.37 No.11

9월에 수확하여 엽차용 녹차로 시판되는 보성산 녹차를 상온수, 80℃ 열수, 70% ethanol 용액으로 추출하고, 70% ethanol 추출물을 다시 hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol로 분획한 다음 녹차 추출물과 분획물의 그램 양성균과 그램 음성균 8종에 대한 항균활성에 대하여 조사를 하였다. 녹차의 추출 수율은 70% ethanol 추출물은 33.0%, ethyl acetate 분획물은 11.2%를 보였다. 8종의 세균에 대한 녹차추출물 간의 항균활성은 70% 에탄올 추출물의 경우 수 추출물에 비하여 Vibrio parahaemolyticus(V. parahaemolyticu) 및 Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus)에 대하여 가장 높았다. 70% 에탄올 추출물로부터 여러 가지 용매를 달리하여 분획한 분획물 간의 항균활성은 70% ethanol 추출물에 비하여 ethyl acetate 분획물의 경우 Klebsiella pneumoniae, V. parahaemolyticus, S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis(B. subtilis) 및 Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans)와 같은 5종의 세균에 대하여 높았다. 70% ethanol 추출물 유래 ethyl acetate 분획물의 MIC는 B. subtilis의 경우 5 μL/disc이었고, S. aureus와 S. mutans의 경우 3 μL/disc이었으며, V. parahaemolyticus의 경우 3 μL/disc 이하로 아주 낮았다. Ethyl acetate 분획물의 첨가 농도에 따른 항균효과는 B. subtilis와 S. mutans 두 균종에서 확연히 나타났고 B. subtilis는 0.05% 이상의 첨가로 24시간 증식시켰을 때 control에 비하여 균증식이 90% 이상 억제됨을 보였으며, S. mutans는 동일한 균증식 억제 효과를 얻기 위하여 0.1% 이상의 ethyl acetate 분획물 농도가 요구되었다. Ethyl acetate 분획물의 열처리(121oC, 20분)는 균종에 따라 10%정도의 항균활성을 감소시켰다. 이와 같은 결과를 종합할 때 9월에 채엽된 저렴한 녹차로 천연항균제 혹은 식품보존료의 개발은 충분한 잠재력이 있는 것으로 판단되었다. Antimicrobial activities of green tea extracts used for coarse tea were investigated by disc diffusion method using eight different bacteria. Among the green tea extracts, the 70% ethanol extract demonstrated the strongest antimicrobial activities against Vibrio parahemolyticus (V. parahemolyticus) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and thus was further fractionated. Among these fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest antimicrobial activities against V. parahemolyticus, S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). These activities exceeded that of all extracts and fractions tested in this study. Interestingly, although green tea extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus), once fractionated, the ethyl acetate fraction did not show any antimicrobial activity against M. luteus. MICs of the ethyl acetate fraction were 5 μL/disc against B. subtilis and 3 μL/disc against S. aureus, S. mutans and V. parahaemolyticus. 90% inhibition of B. subtilis was observed with 0.05% ethyl acetate fraction but S. mutans needed over 0.1% ethyl acetate fraction to exhibit the same inhibition as B. subtilis. Antimicrobial activities of ethyl acetate fractions were reduced around 10% by thermal treatment at 121℃ for 20 min. All the results suggest that the 70% ethanol extract as well as the ethyl acetate fraction from green tea used for coarse tea could be further developed into a natural antimicrobial agent.

『모비 딕』기호 해석의 자의성과 가변성

정숙현 새한영어영문학회 2018 새한영어영문학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.5

Job Satisfaction of Industrial Women Specializing in STEM in The Busan-Ulsan-Gyeongnam Region

정숙현,박성미 한국공학교육학회 2010 공학교육연구 Vol.13 No.2

A survey was conducted on 300 working women(one woman/company) who specialize in STEM(Science, Technology,Engineering and Mathematics) in the Busan region(south of Korea) to determine their job satisfaction. The overall responseof women working in industry is relatively positive although they do experience a certain limit as female workers. Theserious difficulties are long work hours and restriction of behavior in consequence of being the minority. Respondents anticipate an increase in number of working women in the STEM field due to the enforcement of women resource policies in Korea. Survey results about career development show that some of the most important factors in professionalism areresponsibility, gumption and cooperation. The expectation of promotion is very low. Sexual discrimination is distinctly appearing in wages and promotions. If they decide to quit their job in the midstream, the key reason is in the difficultiesof compatibility between home and occupation. Survey results about job satisfaction to work in industry reveal that 31.0%of respondents are satisfied because their job is consistent with their specialty; 30.7% of respondents are working wherethey wanted. Among respondents who intend to change their job, only 20.7% of respondents wanted to keep their specialties. Two factors involved in the respondents’ satisfaction during work are special technical achievement and practicalapplication of their knowledge. But, they are unsatisfied in terms of implementing their leadership.

다중 코드 WCDMA 시스템에서 안테나 선택 기법을 적용한 인터리빙 딜레이 다이버시티 연구

정숙현,김낙명 한국통신학회 2004 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.29 No.6A

본 논문에서는 인터리빙 딜레이 다이버시터 기법을 제안하고 이를 다중 코드 WCDMA 시스템에 적용한다. 제안 시스템에서의 딜레이 다이버시터 기법은 인터리빙 기법을 적용하여 잡음과 페이딩의 영향을 감쇄시켜 시스템 성능을 개선하고 인터리빙된 신호와 인터리빙 되지 않은 신호를 서로 다른 시간 간격을 두어 전송시켜 시간 다이버시터 이득을 얻으며 송신단에서 우너신호의 재전송 횟수를 적절히 증가시킴에 따라 수신 다이버시터이득을 효과적으로 얻을 수 있도록 한다. 또한 다수의 안테나 중 채널 상황이 좋은 안테나만을 선택하여 신호를 전송하는 안테나 선택 기법을 적용하여 제한된 전력을 효율적으로 사용하는 기법을 제안하였다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안된 시스템이 기존 시스템에 비해 2dB 이상의 성능개선을 나타냄을 확인하였다. An interleaving delay diversity scheme is investigated in this paperand the applications in the multi-code WCDMA system along with antenna selection diversity is proposed. The proposed algorithm utilizes interleaving and delayed duplicated transmission mechanism to mitigate the effect of noise and fading. The interleaved signal and the original signal are both transmitted at intervals to obtain time diversity without any increase in required capacity. By adjusting the number of retransmissions of the information signal properly, the system achieve the receive diversity efficiently. For transmission power efficiency the proposed system also applies antenna selection diversity. By computer simulation, it has been shown that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance than the conventional algorithms by more than 2dB.

다중 코드 WCDMA 시스템에서 안테나 선택 기법을 적용한 인터리빙 딜레이 다이버시티 연구

정숙현,김낙명 한국통신학회 2004 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.29 No.6

Multi-Carrier DS/CDMA System을 위한 가중치 적용 반송파 전력 배분 기법에 관한 연구

정숙현(Suk-Hyen Jung),김낙명(Nak-Myeong Kim) 한국통신학회 2002 한국통신학회 학술대회 및 강연회 Vol.2002 No.4

빈혈 자각증상이 있는 여대생에서 영양상담이 식사의 질, 철분 영양상태 및 혈액학적 지표에 미치는 영향

정숙현(Sook Hyun Jeong),박진희(Jin Hee Park),이혜옥(Hye Ok Lee),조여원(Ryo Won Choue) 대한지역사회영양학회 2007 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional problem that affects people of all ages in both industrialized and developing countries. Especially, college women are the target population for dietary iron deficiency. Recent study showed that the nutritional status of college women was poor because of insufficient food consumption and repeatabled weight reduction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrition counseling on the diet quality, nutritional status of iron and hematic parameters in college women who have self-recognized anemic symptoms. Anthropometric and dietary assessments as well as blood analysis, were carried out before and after the 8 weeks of nutrition counseling. During the experimental period, the 31 subjects were given nutrition education by a clinical dietitian. Nutrition counseling consisted of pathology of anemia, nutrition information for iron deficient anemia, diet information of balanced meals and menu choices for eating out. As a result, the frequencies of consumption of legumen and vegetables significantly increased after nutrition counseling (p < 0.05). Daily intakes of protein, especially animal protein, vitamin E, niacin, heme iron, and zinc significantly increased (p < 0.05). After nutrition counseling, some self-reported clinical symptoms such as ``dizziness``, ``fatigue``, ``short of breath``, ``headache``, ``sleeplessness``, and ``beating heart`` were significantly improved. Serum levels of transferrin (p < 0.01) and total iron binding capacity levels (p < 0.05) significantly increased. It could be concluded that the 8 weeks of nutrition counseling might be effective on quality of diet as well as iron status and it might also improve the some hematic parameters in college women who have self-recognized anemic symptoms. (Korean J Community Nutrition 12(1) : 68~79, 2007)