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이시카와 타쿠보쿠(石川啄木)와 「 이와테 일보(岩手일보)」(2) : 초기평론을 중심으로
윤재석 한국일어일문학회 1995 日語日文學硏究 Vol.27 No.1
啄木と「岩手日報」に關する論はそのほとんどが揭載をめぐる問題であり, その結果も人間的關係に收斂してしまう. これは啄木の言說とこの言說を手がかりにした硏究方法によるものと思われる. 明治三十五年の啄木の評論はいずれも中央文壇を扱った文學評論となっており, しかも同時代評である. とりわけ, 『草わかば』を評す や『ゴルキイ』を讀みて』のように, 中央の有名雜誌よりも早くまたは同時期に批評を書いているところには目を見はらさせるものがある. この時期の啄木の評論に見られる特徵とはに邊速な情報の傳達であり, 分かりやすくまとめられた內容であり, 先人の思想を自分のものにする咀嚼力であると共に. 反骨精神の芽生えである. こういった文學評論は, その頃の「岩手日報」の文藝的內容がとくに文藝評論は主に盛岡を中心とした地方の歌人評や歌評, 繪畵評などであったゆえに-むしろこれほどにも中央文壇のものを等閑視したのは, 逆に「岩手日報」は盛岡を中心とした地方の文藝文化だけに充實した新聞ともいえる. 一 一層目立ったと思われる. 如上のような啄木の文學評論が揭載されることにより, 地方紙である「岩手日報」は多樣化しより充實して行ったと言えよう. それにより, 「岩手日報」の讀者は中央文壇の樣子をうかがい, また作品評に接する機會を得ることができたのである. この意味においてこれらの啄木の評論の「岩手日報」への登場は文藝文化面に關する限り新聞メディアとしての「岩手日報」のレべルを高めたとも言えるのである.
중국 고대 <사자(死者)의 서(書)>와 한대인(漢代人)의 내세관(來世觀) -진묘문(鎭墓文)을 중심으로-
尹在碩 중국사학회 2014 中國史硏究 Vol.90 No.-
目前, 有關東漢時期來世觀念的硏究, 主要參考資料是出土於關洛地區墓葬的“典型的”鎭墓文. 筆者認爲:爲更好地理解形制、內容多元化的鎭墓文所反映的來世觀念, 有必要同時考察甘肅、安徽、江蘇、山西、山東等地區出土的鎭墓文. 幷且, 有關鎭墓文的主要內容 -“生死異路”的觀念, 以及對解謫、解注的認識, 不能僅從後代道敎來世觀的角度進行考察, 而是有必要追溯到東漢之前的時代, 這也是本稿的主旨所在. 鎭墓文中一貫出現的“生死異路”觀念可能源於對死者的否定意識. 根據睡虎地秦簡日書等資料可知, 戰國時代以來的中國人認爲, 包括祖先神在內的鬼神會招來導致後孫身患疾病或是死亡的“□”. 也許, 這就是“生死異路”觀念出現的原因. 因此, 爲□避死者的“□”, 便出現鎭住死者靈魂使其遠離邪鬼, 以及免除死者罪過的做法, 具體表現爲盛行於後漢時期制作鎭墓文, 以及隨葬五石、鉛人、金錢等行爲. □外, 目前出土於甘肅、安徽、江蘇、山西、山東等地的鎭墓文的書寫構造、內容, 以及書寫材料等情況, 與關洛地區出土的鎭墓文差異甚多. 如, 甘肅武威、江蘇□貽和高郵, 以及出處不明的徐寧簡鎭墓文中的神格都是由各地固有的鬼名構成, 書寫材料也比較多元化, 爲木牘、石物、織物等. 除此以外, 五方鎭墓文以五行相剋說爲基礎, 借五神、五石之力, 以求鎭壓五方的邪氣和惡鬼. 西安、三門峽、安徽壽州、山東□縣等地也出土過此類鎭墓文. 由此可知, 東漢時期五行對鎭墓文的制作産生一定影響. 目前出土的鎭墓文中, 最早的是東漢明帝永平三年的鎭墓文. 鎭墓文最爲盛行的時期是東漢後期, 也受到此時初期道敎的影響. 値得注意的是, 西漢末期已經出現類似的喪葬行爲. 武威西漢末期墓葬中出土的木劍人俑、木人俑、木羊等, 是保護死者遠離邪氣的喪葬器物, 其性質與目的與東漢鎭墓文相同. 加之, 江蘇□貽出土的鎭墓文木牘, 是西漢中、後期到新莽時期間的墓葬隨葬品. 由此可見, 通過今後墓葬的不斷發掘, 便會提高隨葬鎭墓文這種喪葬儀式能追溯到西漢時期的可能性.
Cardiovascular Safety Pharmacology of Sibutramine
윤재석,정은용,최기환,조대현,송윤정,한경문,차혜진,신지순,성원근,김영훈,김형수 한국응용약물학회 2015 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.23 No.4
Sibutramine is an anorectic that has been banned since 2010 due to cardiovascular safety issues. However, counterfeit drugs or slimming products that include sibutramine are still available in the market. It has been reported that illegal sibutramine-contained pharmaceutical products induce cardiovascular crisis. However, the mechanism underlying sibutramine-induced cardiovascular adverse effect has not been fully evaluated yet. In this study, we performed cardiovascular safety pharmacology studies of sibutramine systemically using by hERG channel inhibition, action potential duration, and telemetry assays. Sibutramine inhibited hERG channel current of HEK293 cells with an IC50 of 3.92 μM in patch clamp assay and increased the heart rate and blood pressure (76 Δbpm in heart rate and 51 ΔmmHg in blood pressure) in beagle dogs at a dose of 30 mg/kg (per oral), while it shortened action potential duration (at 10 μM and 30 μM, resulted in 15% and 29% decreases in APD50, and 9% and 17% decreases in APD90, respectively) in the Purkinje fi bers of rabbits and had no effects on the QTc interval in beagle dogs. These results suggest that sibutramine has a considerable adverse effect on the cardiovascular system and may contribute to accurate drug safety regulation.
Potential for Dependence on Lisdexamfetamine - In vivo and In vitro Aspects
윤재석,이광욱,엄장현,김영훈,신지순,한경문,박혜경,김형수,차혜진 한국응용약물학회 2017 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.25 No.6
Although lisdexamfetamine is used as a recreational drug, little research exists regarding its potential for dependence or its precise mechanisms of action. This study aims to evaluate the psychoactivity and dependence profile of lisdexamfetamine using conditioned place preference and self-administration paradigms in rodents. Additionally, biochemical techniques are used to assess alterations in the dopamine levels in striatal synaptosomes following administration of lisdexamfetamine. Lisdexamfetamine increased both conditioned place preference and self-administration. Moreover, after administration of the lisdexamfetamine, dopamine levels in the striatal synaptosomes were significantly increased. Although some modifications should be made to the analytical methods, performing high performance liquid chromatography studies on synaptosomes can aid in predicting dependence liability when studying new psychoactive substances in the future. Collectively, lisdexamfetamine has potential for dependence possible via dopaminergic pathway.
윤재석,구선미,이택형,송윤정,성선화,김영훈,차혜진,한경문,신지순,오호경,정기경,안치영,박혜경,김형수 한국응용약물학회 2017 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.25 No.3
Synthetic cannabinoids are one of most abused new psychoactive substances. The recreational use of abused drug has aroused serious concerns about the consequences of these drugs on infection. However, the effects of synthetic cannabinoid on resistance to tetanus toxin are not fully understood yet. In the present study, we aimed to determine if the administration of synthetic cannabinoids increase the susceptibility to tetanus toxin-induced motor behavioral deficit and functional changes in cerebellar neurons in mice. Furthermore, we measured T lymphocytes marker levels, such as CD8 and CD4 which against tetanus toxin. JWH-210 administration decreased expression levels of T cell activators including cluster of differentiation (CD) 3ε, CD3γ, CD74p31, and CD74p41. In addition, we demonstrated that JWH-210 induced motor impairment and decrement of vesicle-associated membrane proteins 2 levels in the cerebellum of mice treated with tetanus toxin. Furthermore, cerebellar glutamatergic neuronal homeostasis was hampered by JWH-210 administration, as evidenced by increased glutamate concentration levels in the cerebellum. These results suggest that JWH-210 may increase the vulnerability to tetanus toxin via the regulation of immune function.