중국영화의 전통 수묵화 촬영기법 연구 - 장이머우 영화 < 삼국-무영자(Shadow) 2018 > 중심으로

장서붕 ( Zhang Ruifeng ),양윤호 ( Yang Yun-ho ) 부산대학교 영화연구소 2020 아시아영화연구 Vol.13 No.3

본 연구는 장이머우(張藝謀) 감독의 작품< 삼국-무영자(Shadow, 影), 2018 >에 나타난 중국 전통 수묵화 기법의 대표적인 촬영장면과 영상기법에 대하여 분석하고자 한다. 이 영화를 대표 사례로 선정한 이유는 중국에서 색채를 이용하는 대표적인 감독이라 알려진 장이머우 감독이 시도한 최초의 중국 전통 수묵화 스타일의 영화이기 때문이다. 이는 중국 영화 역사상으로도 주목할 만한 첫 번째 도전이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 장이머우 감독의 촬영 스타일에 관한 논문 및 인터뷰 등의 자료들을 바탕으로 중국영화의 전통 수묵화(水墨畵) 촬영기법 분석을 구체적으로 분석하기 위해 먼저 회화기법과 중국영화, 장이머우 감독 영상의 특징을 고찰하고 중국 전통 수묵화 기법의 특징을 여백(餘白)과 색채, 구도로 구분하여 고찰하고자 한다. 이러한 선행연구를 바탕으로 영화 <삼국-무영자>에서 활용된 중국 전통 수묵화 촬영기법을 분석함으로써 효과와 결론을 제시하고자 한다. 중국의 대표적인 감독인 장이머우의 중국 전통 수묵화 기법의 운용과 효과에 대한 분석은 향후 중국영화 촬영연구에 있어 새로운 계기가 될 것으로 보인다. First of all, this paper aims to confirm the utilization of Chinese traditional Ink-and-Wash painting skill through the analysis of the filming skills of director Zhang Yi-mou's film Shadow(影, 2018). Specifically, it will be the work of analyzing and interpreting the Ink-and-Wash painting skill of Shadow shooting skills through composition, color, etc. These traditional Chinese Ink-and-Wash painting skills are currently used in Chinese film making. While verifying how it is utilized, director Zhang Yi-mou of filming is aimed at verifying the practice of traditional Chinese Ink-and-Wash painting skills. Zhang Yi-mou's film features a Chinese-style not only in narrative, but also in screen composition. It is clear that Zhang Yi-mou represents a generation in the Chinese film industry, so the author hopes this article will provide a point of view that can be applied in the application of Chinese-style filming skills in Chinese film. The method and procedure of this study are as following. First and foremost, analyze the Zhang Yi-Mou's film Shadow by referring to the papers and interviews of filming style. In his film, traditional Chinese Ink-and-Wash painting skills are realized in any way, and the reason why chose this film because that was the Chinese commercial film which first made by Chinese Ink-and-Wash painting skills. Next, in the main part, director Zhang Yi-Mou, who naturally applies Ink-and-wash painting skills in the screen, examines the characteristics and meaning of the combination of Ink-and-Wash Painting skills and shooting through the composition, space, movement, color, and costume of a specific scene. Finally, the author plans to derive how to use the unique skills contained in traditional culture in the film making process.

Stability of Partial Nitrification and Microbial Population Dynamics in a Bioaugmented membrane Bioreactor

Yun Xia Zhang,Yan Li Xu,Ming Jia,Ji Ti Zhou,Shou Zhi Yuan,Jin Song Zhang,Zhen Peng Zhang 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2009 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.19 No.12

Effectiveness and Safety of Dabrafenib in the Treatment of 20 Chinese Children with BRAFV600E-Mutated Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Ying Yang,Dong Wang,Lei Cui,Hong-Hao Ma,Li Zhang,Hong-Yun Lian,Qing Zhang,Xiao-Xi Zhao,Li-Ping Zhang,Yun-Ze Zhao,Na Li,Tian-You Wang,Zhi-Gang Li,Rui Zhang 대한암학회 2021 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.53 No.1

Purpose We sought to investigate the effectiveness and safety of dabrafenib in children with BRAFV600E-mutated Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 20 children with BRAFV600E-mutated LCH who were treated with dabrafenib. Results The median age at which the patients started taking dabrafenib was 2.3 years old (range, 0.6 to 6.5 years). The ratio of boys to girls was 2.3:1. The median follow-up time was 30.8 months (range, 18.9 to 43.6 months). There were 14 patients (70%) in the risk organ (RO)+ group and six patients (30%) in the RO– group. All patients were initially treated with traditional chemotherapy and then shifted to targeted therapy due to poor control of LCH or intolerance to chemotherapy. The overall objective response rate and the overall disease control rate were 65% and 75%, respectively. During treatment, circulating levels of cell-free BRAFV600E (cfBRAFV600E) became negative in 60% of the patients within a median period of 3.0 months (range, 1.0 to 9.0 months). Grade 2 or 3 adverse effects occurred in five patients. Conclusion Some children with BRAFV600E-mutated LCH may benefit from monotherapy with dabrafenib, especially high-risk patients with concomitant hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and intolerance to chemotherapy. The safety of dabrafenib is notable. A prospective study with a larger sample size is required to determine the optimal dosage and treatment duration.

REPRESENTATION OF BOUNDED LINEAR OPERATORS WITH EQUAL SPECTRAL PROJECTIONS AT ZERO

Zhang, Yun,Chen, Dong-Jun Korean Mathematical Society 2010 대한수학회논문집 Vol.25 No.4

In this paper, we present the reprentation of all operators B which are Drazin invertible and sharing the spectral projections at 0 with a given Drazin invertible operator A. Meanwhile, some related results for EP operators with closed range are obtained.

Sorption enhancement of TBBPA from water by fly ash-supported nanostructured g-MnO2

Yun Zhang,Lingyun Jing,Xinghua He,Yanfeng Li,Xin Ma 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), an emerging contaminant, has been detected frequently in theenvironmental media. This study reports the adsorption kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics ofTBBPA on fly ash modified by nanostructured MnO2 (FA@nM). The resulting nano-adsorbent wascharacterized by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), XRD and scanning electronmicroscope (SEM). The adsorption results showed that the equilibrium adsorption capacity has beensignificantly improved by increasing the initial TBBPA concentration and contact time. While a largereduction of TBBPA uptake was observed in alkaline conditions and at high temperatures and ionicstrength. The equilibrium between TBBPA and FA@nM was achieved in approximately 40 min withremoval of 98% of the TBBPA. The sorption kinetics were well described by a pseudo-first-order ratemodel, while both Langmuir and Freundlich models described the sorption isotherms well at 298 K. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption of TBBPA is exothermic and spontaneous atthe temperatures studied. As fly ash is a low-cost material that is often available on-site, it offers aninteresting alternative to high-cost advanced wastewater treatment systems for removing such organicpollutants.

Impact of Global Economic Policy Uncertainty and Stock Market Volatility on Korea’s Trade

Yun-Zhang Li,Yue Li,Hui-Li Zhang,최태영 한국무역통상학회 2023 무역통상학회지 Vol.23 No.6

We employ a time-variant parameter structure vector auto-regression model with stochastic volatility. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo method estimates a TVP-VAR model with stochastic volatility. We also employ different lag periods and time points to investigate the impact of economic policy uncertainty and the stock market on Korea’s trade. First, we find that the stock markets exert a positive impact on Korea’s imports and exports. Second, we find that the global economic policy uncertainty index has a negative impact on Korea’s imports. Third, we find that global economic policy uncertainty has a negative impact on Korea’s exports in the short-term, but a positive impact persists in the medium- to long-term. These findings reveal that the global economic policy uncertainty index will have an impact on the demand-side economy for Korea’s export trade. Since Korea is one of the major exporters of high-tech and high value-added products in the world, changes in global economic policies will directly impact the demand for commodities, thereby affecting Korea’s export trade. On the contrary, the uncertainty of Korea’s economic policy will impact the operation of exporting companies, namely, the supply-side economy

Effect of proton irradiation on interfacial and electrical performance of N+Np+ InP/InGaAs hetero-junction

Zhang Chen,Su Yongbo,Mei Bo,Yang Feng,Zhang Jialin,Yun Huanqing,Liu Bo,Sun Yi,Zhang Haiming,Jin Zhi,Zhong Yinghui 한국물리학회 2023 Current Applied Physics Vol.48 No.-

InP-based hetero-junction bipolar transistors (HBTs) are attractive for various millimeter-wave and terahertz electronics due to their ultrahigh frequency performance. Therefore, the study of their irradiation reliability is extremely urgent. In this work, 2 MeV proton irradiation experiment has been carried out on self-fabricated N+Np+ InP/InGaAs hetero-junction. The degradation mechanisms have systematically been studied after exposure to protons of 5 × 1013 H+/cm2. The voltage range of recombination current at low forward bias has been largely expanded from 0-0.2 V to 0–0.6 V. Furthermore, the interface states properties have been characterized by utilizing the frequency-dependent conductance technique, the interface states density (Dit) has increased from approximately 9.02 × 1012 cm-2 eV-1–1.99 × 1013 cm-2 eV-1 to 9.51 × 1012 cm-2 eV-1–2.00 × 1013 cm-2 eV-1 after irradiation. The study would be great significance for understanding the evolution of proton irradiation on relative devices.

Synergy of propylene-based copolymer in high-melt-strength polypropylene for extrusion foaming process

Yun Zhang,Dayong Tian,Lijun Wang 한국고분자학회 2023 Macromolecular Research Vol.31 No.4

Propylene-ethylene (PPE) copolymer was added to high melt-strength polypropylene (HMS PP) for extrusion foaming. PPE postpones polypropylene (PP) crystalization and decreases the optimum foaming temperature. The blend maintains good melt strength and pronounced strain hardening(less than 30%) for a low melt mass flow rate (MFR) of PPE. The small phase separation of PPE (high ethylene content) and PP also favors cell nucleation during foaming. Thus, at lower foaming temperature, the small crystals may function as physical crosslinking, which can help to maintain melt strength and strain hardening behavior around the foaming window. The better cell nucleation and finer cells with higher expansion ratio (ER) in the foam sample were achieved. Combining the advantage of resin elasticity and better foam structure, better toughness was achieved with elongation at break as high as 150%, while maintaining the stiffness.

Receptor-mediated delivery of an antisense gene to human brain cancer cells

Zhang, Yun,Lee, Hwa Jeong,J. Boado, Ruben,M. Pardridge, William 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2002 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.11

Background The goal of this work was the development of a gene targetingtechnology that will enable the delivery of therapeutic genes to brain cancercells in vivo following intravenous administration. High-grade brain gliomasoverexpress the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EGFR anti-sense gene therapy could reduce the growth of EGFR-dependent gliomas. Methods A human EGFR antisense gene driven by the SV4O promoter ina non-virat plasmid carrying elements that facilitate extra-chromosomalreplication was packaged in the interior of 85 nm pegylated immuno-liposomes (PILs) . The PILs were targeted to U87 human glioma cells withthe 83-14 murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) to the human insulin receptor(HIR). Results Confocal fluorescent microscopy demonstrated that the unconju-gated HIR MAb is rapidly internalized by the glioma cells. Endoytosisfellowed by entry into the nucleus was also demonstrated for the HIR MAbconjugated PILs carrying fluorescein-labeled plasmid DNA. The PILs deliveredenogenous genes to virtually all cells in culture, based on β-galactosidasehistochemistry. The targeting of a luciferasr gene to the U87 cells with thePILs resulted in luciferase levels in excess of 150 pg/mg protein after 72 h ofincubation. The level of luciferase gene expression in the U87 cells acHievedwith the PIL gene targeting system was comparable to that with lipo-fectamine. Targeting the EGFR antisense gene to U87 glioma cells with thePILs resulted in more than 70% reduction in [^3H]thymidine incorporationinto the cells; this was paralleled by a 79% reduction in the level ofimmunoreactive EGFR. Conclusion The present work describes the targeting of an EGFR antisensegene to human brain cancer cells, which results in a 70-80% inhibition incancer cell growth. PILs provide a new approach to gene targeting that iseffective in vivo following intravenous administration without viral vectors.

A Wide Voltage-Gain Range Asymmetric H-Bridge Bidirectional DC-DC Converter with a Common Ground for Energy Storage Systems

Zhang, Yun,Gao, Yongping,Li, Jing,Sumner, Mark The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2018 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.18 No.2

A wide-voltage-conversion range bidirectional DC-DC converter is proposed in this paper. The topology is comprised of one typical LC energy storage component and a special common grounded asymmetric H-bridge with four active power switches/anti-parallel diodes. The narrow output PWM voltage is generated from the voltage difference between two normal (wider) output PWM voltages from the asymmetric H-bridge with duty cycles close to 0.5. The equivalent switching frequency of the output PWM voltage is double the actual switching frequency, and a wide step-down/step-up ratio range is achieved. A 300W prototype has been constructed to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed bidirectional converter between the variable low voltage side (24V~48V) and the constant high voltage side (200V). The slave active power switches allow ZVS turn-on and turn-off without requiring any extra hardware. The maximum conversion efficiency is 94.7% in the step-down mode and 93.5% in the step-up mode. Therefore, the proposed bidirectional topology with a common ground is suitable for energy storage systems such as renewable power generation systems and electric vehicles with a hybrid energy source.