Mutation in PMR1, a Ca^2+ -ATPase in Golgi, Confers Salt Tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Inducing Expression of PMR2, an Na^+ -ATPase in Plasma Membrane

Park, Shi-Young,Seo, Soo Boon,Lee, Soo-Jung,Na, Jong-Gil,Kim, Yung-Jin 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 2001 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.17 No.-

Sodium tolerance in yeast is enhanced by continuous activation of calcineurin, a Ca^2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase that is required for modulation of the Na^+ efflux mechanism. We isolated several salt-tolerant mutations with the treatment of ethylmethane sulfonate under high salt stress. One of the mutations was mapped in the PMR1 gene. Pmr1p, the P-type Ca^2+ -ATPase in the Colgi apparatus, regulates a cytosolic Ca^2+ level in various responses. Cytosolic Ca^2+ concentration in the pmr1 mutant is highly maintained, and thus calcineurin is activated continuously. The treatment of FK506, a specific inhibitor of calcineurin, abolishes the salt-tolerant phenotype of the pmr1 mutant. Activates caicineurin induces the expression of PMR2, encoding the P-type Na^+-ATPase, through the specific transcription factor, Tcn1p/Crzlp. Also, experssion of the PMR2::lacZ reporter gene in the pmr1 higher than that in wild type. We propose that the pmr1 mutation confers salt tolerance through continuous activation of calcineurin and that Pmr1p might act as a major Ca^2+-ATPase under high salt stress.

강화 계획에 따른 놀이프로그램에 참여한 정신지체 아동의 신체지각능력 변화에 관한 연구

장경호,김나영 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

The purpose of the study is to verify the effect of physical activity programs which were constructed by reinforcement schedules for enhancing the physical perceptivity of handicapped children, The reinforcement schedules were a shaping technique and a chaining technique. Over 8 weeks, a physical activity programs with 4 parts of the body was implemented for two children with mentally handicapped children, The measurement was clone before the program started and when it was finished, The method of measurement was by drawing The children were asked to draw their own body image, And the children's improvement of their body image were evaluated by qualitative method. Results of the study indicate that the subject's perceptivity has been steadily improved with various degrees depending on types of reinforcement schedules and the individual handicapped classification, The physical activity programs with shaping techinque help to improve child's body perception. For example, those who drew only the face gradually improved their drawing ability to cover the whole body figure in their drawing with strong lines, On the other hand, physical activities with chaining technique were not effective to enhance the body image of mental retarded children.

부산 지하철 2호선 소음 특성 연구

정경원,윤나나,김주인,곽진,김영태 한국환경과학회 2006 한국환경과학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Occurrence and characterization of oseltamivir-resistant influenza virus in children between 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 seasons

Kim, Seoung Geun,Hwang, Yoon Ha,Shin, Yung Hae,Kim, Sung Won,Jung, Woo Sik,Kim, Sung Mi,Oh, Jae Min,Lee, Na Young,Kim, Mun Ju,Cho, Kyung Soon,Park, Yeon Gyeong,Min, Sang Kee,Lee, Chang Kyu,Kim, Jun Su The Korean Pediatric Society 2013 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.56 No.4

Purpose: There was a global increase in the prevalence of oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses during the 2007-2008 influenza season. This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 influenza seasons among patients who were treated with oseltamivir (group A) and those that did not receive oseltamivir (group B). Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 321 pediatric patients who were hospitalized because of influenza during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 influenza seasons. Drug resistance tests were conducted on influenza viruses isolated from 91 patients. Results: There was no significant difference between the clinical characteristics of groups A and B during both seasons. Influenza A/H1N1, isolated from both groups A and B during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 periods, was not resistant to zanamivir. However, phenotypic analysis of the virus revealed a high oseltamivir $IC_{50}$ range and that H275Y substitution of the neuraminidase (NA) gene and partial variation of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene did not affect its antigenicity to the HA vaccine even though group A had a shorter hospitalization duration and fewer lower respiratory tract complications than group B. In addition, there was no significant difference in the clinical manifestations between oseltamivir-susceptible and oseltamivir-resistant strains of influenza A/H1N1. Conclusion: Establishment of guidelines to efficiently treat influenza with oseltamivir, a commonly used drug for treating influenza in Korean pediatric patients, and a treatment strategy with a new therapeutic agent is required.

Food allergen sensitization in young children with typical signs and symptoms of immediate-type food allergies: a comparison between monosensitized and polysensitized children

Kim, Na Yeon,Kim, Ga Ram,Kim, Joon Hwan,Baek, Ji Hyeon,Yoon, Jung Won,Jee, Hye Mi,Baek, Hye Sung,Jung, Yong Ho,Choi, Sun Hee,Kim, Ki Eun,Shin, Youn Ho,Yum, Hye Yung,Han, Man Yong,Kim, Kyu-Earn The Korean Pediatric Society 2015 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.58 No.9

Purpose: The clinical interpretation of children sensitized to allergens is challenging, particularly in children with food allergies. We aimed to examine clinical differences between children with monosensitization and those with polysensitization to common food allergens and to determine risk factors for polysensitization in young children <10 years of age with immediate-type food allergies. Methods: The study included children <10 years of age with signs and symptoms indicative of immediate-type food allergies. Serum total IgE level was measured, and ImmunoCAP analysis for food allergens was performed. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was $1.6{\pm}1.6$ years (75 boys and 51 girls). Thirty-eight children (30.2%) were monosensitized and 88 children (69.8%) were polysensitized. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the development of polysensitization to common food allergens was positively associated with a parental history of allergic rhinitis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.78-22.13; P=0.004), season of birth (summer/fall) (aOR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.10-8.79; P=0.033), and exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of age (aOR, 3.51; 95% CI, 1.20-10.25; P=0.022). Conclusion: We found significant clinical differences between children with monosensitization and those with polysensitization to common food allergens and identified risk factors for the development of polysensitization in young children with immediate-type food allergies. Clinicians should consider these clinical risk factors when evaluating, counseling, treating, and monitoring young children with food allergies.

15-17세기 광산김씨(光山金氏) 예안파(禮安派)의 전답소유양상(田畓所有樣相)의 변화

김영나 ( Yung Na Kim ) 경북대학교 영남문화연구원 2009 嶺南學 Vol.0 No.15

이 연구를 통해 광산김씨 예안파의 분재기에 나타나는 전답의 소재지와 면적 전답 매매와 경영방식의 의미를 발견하고, 조선후기 전답의 소유양상변화와 비교한다. 15세기에는 거주지를 중심으로 전답이 예안에 집중되었고, 주로 상속에 의해 획득했다. 16세기에는 전답이 경상도 북부와 남부, 충청지역, 경기도까지 확장되었고, 상속뿐만 아니라 개간이나 매득 역시 전답을 확보하는 방법 중 하나였다. 전답의 면적은 점차 넓어졌는데, 예안의 전답은 대체로 30% 후반이었고 다른 지역도 대체로 늘어났다. 따라서 광산김씨 예안파는 처음에는 예안 중심으로 전답을 집중하였다가 가문의 위상이 높아지면서 여러 명문 가문과 혼인관계를 맺어 다른 지역까지 전답을 넓혔으며, 개간이나 매득을 통해서도 전답을 획득하였다. 17세기부터 예안 중심으로 전답이 다시 집중되었고, 이 지역 내에서 많은 전답을 확보하였다. 전답이 자신의 거주지 내로 집중된 이유는 첫째 대부분 중앙 관직에 진출하지 못했기 때문에 다른 지역의 전답을 소유할 수 없었다. 둘째 재산의 평균분급이 사라지고 장자에게 재산이 집중되었다. 셋째 영남의 사족들은 중앙으로부터 소외되었기 때문에 다른 지역에서는 큰 힘을 가질 수 없었다. 이 연구를 통해 이 가문의 사회적·경제적 지위를 일부라도 짐작할 수 있었다. 또한 다른 가문들의 분재기와 전답매매명문을 같이 분석하여 전답에 대한 여러 실상을 밝힌다면 사족의 경제적인 한 면을 어느 정도 유추할 수 있을 것이다. This study is to define the meaning of location and size of the farmland, its trade, management and operation: by using the Kwangsan Kim Ye-Ahn Clan`s Bunjaegi(document of property inheritance), and compared with the actual condition of the farmland in the late Choson Dynasty. In the 15th century, the farmland was concentrated on the residence where Kwangsan Kim Ye-Ahn Clan lived and they usually acquired by inheritance. In the 16th century, the farmland expanded to the Gyeongsang-do until northern part and the southern part, the Chungcheong area and Gyeonggi-do, not only an inheritance but also reclamation or a purchase as well was one in the method which secures the farmland. The total area of their farmland broadened gradually, Ye-Ahn occupied late 30 percent of the farmland, and the rest of other place other areas of it were gradually broaden, too. Accordingly the Kwangsan Kim Ye-Ahn Clan concentrated on their farmland mainly the residence, but as the phase of the family became higher they widened their farmland through marriages with a various distinguished families. They also acquired their farmland by reclamation and purchase. From 17th century, the farmland was concentrated on and around the residence of Ye-Ahn again, they secured the many farmlands. This reasons are followed as below. Frist, this clan hardly had a chance to be a central official position they couldn`t possess other areas of farmlands. Second, the average distribution of property disappeared, and the property was concentrated to the eldest son. Third, because the Yeongnam Sajok(local elites) was separated from the center, they could not strengthen their power in other areas. This study will be able to guess the social and economic status of this clan. Also with analyzing the Bunjaegi and the farmland trade record of the different family, it is possible to explain the economic part of Sajok if the meaning of the actual situation for farmland can be revealed.

조선후기(朝鮮後期) 광산김씨(光山金氏) 예안파(禮安派) 전답매매(田畓賣買) 실태(實態)

김영나 ( Yung Na Kim ) 대구사학회 2007 대구사학 Vol.89 No.-

This study is to define the meaning of farmland trade in the Kwangsan Kim Ye-Ahn Clan: use a buying and selling chance, a buyer and a seller, a reason buying and selling, a farmland place, a quantity of the buying and selling farmland. Kwangsan Kim Ye-Ahn Clan had made farmland trade very often with the same Clan, because it was aimed to concentrate the main family farmland together. And they had bought a lot of farmland of the living periphery in Ye-Ahn They had gained many properties in order to use them as farmland. Between a rice field and a farm, a rice field had been regarded as of greater commercial value than a farm. For that reason, they had tried to purchase as many rice fields as possible comparing to the farm. In 16th century, they accumulated most of their properties through a land development project or the succession of their father`s estate. But in the late Choson Dynasty, they gathered most of their properties through purchasing farmlands. In some cases, the slaves appeared as a buyer and a seller in the farmland trades, but those slaves just took the competency of mandate from their master. This situation might be a general way for the farmland trades of the yangban in the late Choson Dynasty. This study will show the farmland trades of the yangban.

Effect of a Movement Therapy Program for Developing a Mental Retarded Child's Intrinsic Creativity

Kim, Na-Yung 한국체육무용국제교류학회 2000 한국체육무용국제교류학회지 Vol.6 No.-

Many recent works on creativity hypothesize that multiple components must coverage for creativity to occur(Amabile, 1983, 1996; Csikszentmihalyi, 1988; Gardner, 1993; Gruber, 1989; Luber, 1994). However, most of recent researches tended to describe a client's social-relationship, motivation, domain-relevant skills and coping abilities through a task. Only a few studies were conducted to define an individual's behaviors such as the affect or mood encompassed by the influence of joy or frustration on the projects undertaken. The purpose of this study was to analysis change of mentally retarded girl (EMR)'s expression of own behavior that appeared after participation in a movement therapy program (5 weeks sessions). Drawing a picture with usual themes such as self-portrait, friends, and trees. Results were analyzed by Laban Movement Analysis(LMA). Four verified the Effort factors such as Time, Space, Weight, Flow. The Shape was also analyzed by Shape flow, Shaping, and Directional movement. Results of this study indicate that the EMR child's expression not only influenced by the mood of classroom but also influenced by therapist's behavior. The client's creativity was changed to hypertension and hyperactivity in the factors of Space and Weight.

A Case Study for Anorexia Nervosa : Social Skills Development by the Dance/Movement Therapy

Kim, Na-Yung,Lee, Ae-Hyun 한국체육무용국제교류학회 2003 한국체육무용국제교류학회지 Vol.9 No.-

The purpose of this study is to figure out whether dance/movement therapy affect on developing social skill of serious Anorexia Nervosa patients. The program for subjects is developed based on Chace & Espenak's phenomenological approach, and movement were composed for getting body images. Informant(Margaret) has serious Anorexia Nervosa, Depression, and OCD. She had extreme weight reduction(36.8kg) for 11 months, losing sensation, and suicidal drive. Therefore she was hospitalized in M hospital in New York. She was treated 10 times(each 60min) for 2 weeks by participating in dane/movement therapy program. The program was composed with movement to develope body images that stressing on enhancement of social skill such as feeling of movement, cooperation, self confidence, and conversation. She refused to participate in first course, however, in second course she became open-hearted and friendly. As courses was going on, she attempt to express herself and to create and imitate. After 6th course she had conversation with other participants and expressed her will. After 8th course she salutes and became critical to other's movement. She was a pessimistic participant through entire program, however, she achieved basic social skills that of normal people.

Who seeks leniency? Empirical evidence from Korean cartel cases

( Na Young Kim ),( Yung San Kim ) 한국산업조직학회 2014 한국산업조직학회 정책세미나 논문집 Vol.2014 No.1

This paper uses records from cartel investigations by the Korea Fair Trade Commission to determine the attributes of cartels and cartel members that increase the tendency of members to confess in exchange for leniency from sanctions. We apply probit regressions on a sample of 661 firms subjected to sanctions for cartel involvement from 2005 to 2009. The results show that a cartel member is more likely to confess when the cartel involves physical products, has fewer members, employs simple collusive arrangements, and has a greater market share. A confession is also more likely when the member firms are larger on average. An interesting result is that a member of a large Korean conglomerate (i.e., Chaebol) is more likely to confess for leniency before others, while discouraging others to do the same. This is indicative of the privilege that Chaebols enjoy in Korean business society.