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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARTICLE POOL SIZE IN THE RETICULO-RUMEN AND CHEWING TIME IN SHEEP
Okamoto, Masahiro,Miyazaki, H.,Oura, R.,Sekine, J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1990 Animal Bioscience Vol.3 No.3
Sixteen mature sheep were fed chaffed orchardgrass hay once a day. Jaw movement of the sheep was recorded for 24 hours before slaughter. Four sheep were slaughtered either prior to eating, 2, 8 or 16 hours after the commencement of eating to measure digesta pool size and particle size distribution in the reticulo-rumen. Eating time was restricted to 120 minutes. Rumination time and actual chewing time during rumination increased with time after the meal. Mean dry matter (DM) pool size before and 2 hours after the meal were 1.36 and 2.45 times of DM intake, respectively. The proportion of large particle (>1.18 mm; LP) in the DM ingested during the meal was caculated to be about 70%. The mean DM and LP pool sizes per DM intake and the mean proportion of LP in the DM pool decreased with time after the meal. There were close negative relationships between either DM or LP pool sizes per DM intake and the chewing activities either expressed as time spent rumination, actual chewing time during rumination or total actual chewing time(total of eating time and actual chewing time during rumination). The difference between DM intake and LP pool size were assumed to be LP degradation in the present experiment, and correlated positively with the chewing activities. A large proportion of the digesta load was comprised of small particles, in excess of the daily intake.
Okamoto Kosei,Notoyama Akiko,Muramatsu Yoshiyuki,Kagawa Kiyohiko,Mikawa Yuya,Aizawa Mineaki,Sueyoshi Masahiro,Mita Toshiharu,Toyama Masatoshi,Sonoda Shoji 한국응용곤충학회 2024 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.27 No.2
Previously we suggested the significance of some of the hymenopteran (Andrenidae, Apidae, and Halictidae) and dipteran (Syrphidae) families in Japanese pear pollination. However, they might contribute differentially to the pollination reflecting their pollination efficiencies. For this study, we investigated the pollination efficiency of three insect pollinator groups at an insect-pollinated Japanese pear orchard: Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Api dae), solitary bees (Hymenoptera), and flies (Diptera). First, we examined the contribution of the insect polli nator groups to the fruit-set ratio of inflorescences. Results indicated that the floral visits of A. mellifera had a positive effect on the fruit-set ratio. Then, for two consecutive years, the numbers of Rosaceae pollen grains deposited on the stigma after a single floral visit by insects were examined. The obtained results were not consistent, but data in one year showed that A. mellifera and Andrena spp. (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) deposited more pollen grains than Panurginus crawfordi (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) did. Third, we examined the presence of pollen grains derived from the pollinizer variety among those removed from the body surfaces of the flowervisiting insects. Results indicated the involvement of the three pollinator groups in pollen grain transfer of the pollinizer variety. Finally, we recorded the abundance of flower-visiting insects by walking around the study site. Results demonstrated that flies were observed stably irrespective of temperatures during the survey period, unlike A. mellifera and solitary bees, which exhibited little flower-visiting activity under low temperatures. Results also demonstrated that solitary bees were abundant at the study site in the late flowering period. These results suggest that hymenopterans and dipterans contribute differentially but mutually complementarily to open insect pollination in the Japanese pear orchard.
( Hideaki Soya ),( Masahiro Okamoto ),( Takashi Matsui ),( Min Chul Lee ),( Koshiro Inoue ),( Shimpei Nishikawa ),( Shingo Soya ),( Takahiko Fujikawa ),( Rakwal Randeep ),( Hyuk Ki Chang ),( Takeshi N 한국운동영양학회 2011 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.15 No.1
The brain is considered to be an organ which can be affected by conditioning or exercise, just like muscles. Exercise activates the brain and enhances several neuronal functions and may lead to several neuronal plastic changes. Neuronal c-Fos accumulation in any hypothalamic nuclei increased only with supra-LT exercise, revealing a LT-like activation pattern. In the brain stem, both supra-LT and below-LT exercise activated the VLM and NTS. In case of hippocampus, its activation was induced by under-LT exercise, which increased regional blood flow through neurovascular coupling. Thus, we found that regions of brain activation were determined differently based on exercise intensity. In the further, more research on exercise intensive is indispensable. In this paper, we reviewed: (1) Hippocampal plasticity through exercise (2) Brain region-specific differential activation patterns with exercise below and above the lactate threshold (3) Hippocampal neuronal activity induced by mild exercise below the lactate threshold: regional blood flow monitoring in the hippocampus (4) Acute mild exercise induces BDNF and short-term training causes AHN (5) Why below-LT exercise is sufficient for hippocampal plasticity (6) Hippocampal activation mechanism during exercise. In particular, based on our recent findings, our focus was directed upon exercise-induced brain activation and neurogenesis.
Antiosteoporotic Effects of Acer palmatum Extract on Osteoclastogenesis and Osteoblastogenesis
Kenji Kuriya,Masahiro Nishio,Shohei Wada,Hirotaka Katsuzaki,Masayuki Nishise,Hiroyuki Okamoto,Hayato Umekawa 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.4
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease that causes bone weakness and fragility. Consuming bone-beneficial nutrients through diet can prevent and treat osteoporosis. Acer palmatum (Japanese maple) leaves are used to make tea, but there have been few reports of their health benefits, especially regarding bone homeostasis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of A. palmatum hot water extract (APE) on osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis in cultured cells. APE suppressed the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated osteoclasts in RANKL induced RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, APE facilitated Alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition during osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3–E1 cells. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis was performed to investigate the effective components of APE, and four flavonoids orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin were identified with the LC-MS analysis. Treatment with fractionated APE suppressed osteoclastogenesis and facilitated osteoblastogenesis in cultured cells. These findings suggest that APE contains antiosteoporotic compounds; thus, APE might have health promoting effects that help prevent osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and facilitating osteoblastogenesis.
Nakahara Takayuki,Okamoto Yoshihisa,Nagae Masahiro,Yoshio Tetsuo,Kurishita Hiroaki,Takada Jun,Hiraoka Yutaka,Takida Tomohiro 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1
In order to overcome the recrystallization embrittlement and irradiation embrittlement of Mo, which are major problems for its fusion applications, internally nitrided Mo alloys were prepared by a novel multi-step internal nitriding. Neutron irradiation was performed in the Japan Material Testing Reactor (JMTR). After irradiation, nitrided Mo alloys exhibited ower ductile-brittle transition temperature than irradiated TZM. These results suggested that multi-step internal nitriding was effective to the improvement in the embrittlement by irradiation. Transmission electron microscope observation revealed that TiN particles precipitated by nitriding acted as a sink for irradiation-induced defects.
Quantum Phase Transitions in 1/3 Plateau of the Quantum Spin Tube
Kouichi Okunishi,Masahiro Sato,Tˆoru Sakai,Kiyomi Okamoto,Chigaku Itoi,이진형 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.63 No.3
We study quantum phase transitions in the 1/3 plateau state of the three-leg spin-1/2 tube,where the low-energy effective chirality degree of freedom plays an essential role. Using the densitymatrix renormalization group and the effective chirality model, we find that, as the leg couplingincreases, the chirality liquid, a novel spin imbalance phase and the vector-spin-chirality orderedphase emerge without closing the plateau spin gap. We also clarify the role of the S3-symmetry ofthe spin tube, behind these quantum phase transitions.
Toward High Thermal Conductivity Nano Micro Epoxy Composites with Sufficient Endurance Voltage
Tanaka, Toshikastu,Kozako, Masahiro,Okamoto, Kenji The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2012 The Journal of International Council on Electrical Vol.2 No.1
We are aiming at the development of epoxy composite materials with both high thermal conductivity and sufficient voltage endurance. A target is set as 10 W/m/K with 5 kV withstand voltage for power electronics applications. In order to achieve high thermal conductivity for polymers such as epoxy, it is a common method to fill inorganic micro particles with high thermal conductivity, but such composites prepared in this way shows lower endurance voltage. To compensate such negative performance, it is considered to be a good way to add nano sized inorganic particles. After many trials were made, good results were obtained for a composite material with two modes of BN and alumina and surface treated nano silica. It has thermal conductivity larger than 5- 10 W/m/K with reasonable withstand voltage.