Autophagy activation decreases AGEs in skin cells in vitro and ex vivo

( Kayoung Shin ),( Yeonjae Kim ),( Sungwoo Kim ),( Sekyoo Jeong ),( Hwa-jee Chung ),( Keedon Park ),( Sungha Hwang ),( Dayeon Song ),( Minkyung Shin ),( Dabin Jeong ),( Jeong Ho Park ) 한국피부장벽학회 2023 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.25 No.2

While the initial generation of AGEs (advanced glycation end products) usually takes place in a time-lapse of hours, it is reported that the complete formation of AGEs after the rearrangement and cross-liking with other proteins requires weeks to years under physiological conditions. However, in pathological conditions such as hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and higher temperature, it can be accelerated up to hour-scale reaction. While AGEs can mechanically and/or biochemically alters the protein and tissue structures and functions, AGEs can also elicit downstream cellular signaling through binding to the RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products). Activation of RAGE induces NF-κB and MAPK pathways and results in the release of various cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In skin, along with the direct ultraviolet irradiation, exposure to particulate matters (PMs) or smoking can also accelerate the formation of AGEs, which subsequently induces irregular pigmentation, wrinkle formation, and skin barrier dysfunction. Based on the deleterious effects of AGEs on skin aging, significant efforts have been exerted to develop anti-AGE molecules. Most of the currently available anti-AGE molecules, however, focus on the prevention of AGEs through the anti-oxidant property of molecules. Autophagy is a cellular mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis role by removing dysfunctional cellular organelles and proteins. Recently, it was reported that AGEs removal can be stimulated by autophagy activator treatment in human epidermal keratinocytes. In this study, using a newly developed compound derivative with autophagy stimulating activity and anti-oxidant capacity, we investigated the modulation of AGEs formation and elimination by autophagy activator in vitro and ex vivo. In cultured human epidermal keratinocytes, high glucose- or glyoxal-induced AGEs formation was attenuated by autophagy activator treatment. Removal of BSA-AGE by keratinocytes was also accelerated by autophagy activator. Similar activities were also observed in ex vivo human skin explant model. Interestingly, epidermal expression of RAGE was also down-regulated by autophagy activator treatment. These results suggest that autophagy signaling is closely related to AGEs formation and elimination, and stimulation of autophagic flux can be a new regimen for anti-AGEs therapeutics.

‘임나일본부’ 연구와 식민주의 역사관

신가영(Shin, Kayoung) 역사비평사 2016 역사비평 Vol.- No.115

The colonial view of Korean ancient history has not been settled or overcome. It remains an unnished issue especially in Gaya history. Some Japanese historians still assert that Wa exercised their inuence over the southern part of the Korean Peninsula including Gaya. However, it is not true that the only the colonial view has dominatedKorean academia, which has presented various critical views and studies on the ‘Imnailbonbu’ theory. The claim that the research of Kim Hyeongu was based on the colonial view of history and misunderstood ‘Imnailbonbu’ theory, is false. No Korean historian accepts Suematsu’s theory which claims that ancient Japan ruled the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and believes that ‘Imnailbonbu’ was the government organs of Wa. The main point of the argument over ‘Imnailbonbu’ is the problem how we should understand the people from Wawho lived around the Gaya area, and the relationship between Gaya, Baekjae, and Wa. Most Korean scholars studying the ‘Imnailbonbu’ issue investigate the relationship between Baekjae and Gaya , the foreign relations of Gaya, and the relationship between ancient Korea and Japan.

Correlation of Microstructure and Cracking Phenomenon Occurring during Hot Rolling of Lightweight Steel Plates

Shin, Sang Yong,Lee, Hackcheol,Han, Seung Youb,Seo, Chang-Hyo,Choi, Kayoung,Lee, Sunghak,Kim, Nack J.,Kwak, Jai-Hyun,Chin, Kwang-Geun Springer-Verlag 2010 Metallurgical and materials transactions. A, Physi Vol.41 No.1

청소년의 외로움과 목소리에 대한 주의 및 해석

신지은(Shin, Ji-eun),김가영(Kim, Kayoung) 한국청소년정책연구원 2018 한국청소년연구 Vol.29 No.1

외로움은 현대 사회의 심각한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 특히 성인기로 이동하는 과도기적 단계에 있는 청소년들은 소속에 대한 높은 욕구 및 기대 수준으로 인해 외로움에 취약하다. 선행 연구들에 의하면 외로움은 사회적 단서에 대한 민감성을 높인다. 하지만 기존 연구에서 사용한 사회적 단서가 대부분 시각적 자극(예, 미소)에 국한되어 있던 반면, 본 연구는 ‘청각’에 주목하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 사회적 소리에 대한 지각이 청자의 외로움 수준에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지 알아보는 데 있다. 이를 위해 2개의 연구를 실시하였다. 먼저 연구 1의 참가자들은 조건에 따라 2가지(사회적, 비사회적) 소리 중 하나를 들으며 수학 암산 과제를 풀었다. 분석 결과, 예상대로 외로운 사람일수록 사회적 소리(웅성거리는 목소리)에 더 많은 선택적 주의를 기울였으며, 이로 인해 과제 수행에 더 큰 방해를 받았다. 하지만 이러한 현상은 비사회적 소리(자동차 소리)를 들을 때에는 발생하지 않았다. 이어서 연구 2의 참가자들은 조건에 따라 2가지(모호한 대화, 명확한 대화) 소리 중 하나를 들으며 숨은 그림 찾기 과제를 풀었다. 앞서와 마찬가지로, 외로운 사람일수록 그 내용의 명확성 수준에 관계없이 대화 소리에 더 많은 주의를 기울이는 모습을 보였다. 그리고 이로 인해 과제 수행에 더 큰 방해를 받았다. 나아가 사람들은 외로울수록 모호한 대화 내용을 자신에게 더 긍정적인 방향으로 해석하는 모습을 보였다. 본 연구는 외로운 사람의 청각 지각을 살펴봄으로써 목소리의 사회적 기능을 밝혔다는 데 의의가 있다. Loneliness is an increasing problem in modern life. Adolescents, in their transition to adulthood, are particularly vulnerable to experiencing loneliness because of their heightened needs and expectations for belonging. Past research has shown that self-perceived isolation leads to higher sensitivity to social cues. However, such work primarily focused on visual forms of social cues, leaving other types of stimuli relatively unattended. The present research investigates how loneliness influences the perception of auditory social cues (i.e., the voice). In Study 1, individual differences in loneliness were found to relate to people`s attention to auditory stimuli. Lonely people were more distracted by social (human voices) but not by non-social sound (vehicle noise) than others. Study 2 further found that human voices, regardless of the level of vagueness of content, deteriorated the task performance of lonely people. Additionally, they were more likely to construe vague conversations in a more positive direction. Overall, the present research highlights the social functions of the voice by focusing on how lonely people listen to sounds that surround them in their lives.

Phasic and Tonic Inhibition are Maintained Respectively by CaMKII and PKA in the Rat Visual Cortex

Joo, Kayoung,Yoon, Shin Hee,Rhie, Duck-Joo,Jang, Hyun-Jong The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2014 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.18 No.6

Phasic and tonic ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acidA ($GABA_A$) receptor-mediated inhibition critically regulate neuronal information processing. As these two inhibitory modalities have distinctive features in their receptor composition, subcellular localization of receptors, and the timing of receptor activation, it has been thought that they might exert distinct roles, if not completely separable, in the regulation of neuronal function. Inhibition should be maintained and regulated depending on changes in network activity, since maintenance of excitation-inhibition balance is essential for proper functioning of the nervous system. In the present study, we investigated how phasic and tonic inhibition are maintained and regulated by different signaling cascades. Inhibitory postsynaptic currents were measured as either electrically evoked events or spontaneous events to investigate regulation of phasic inhibition in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of the rat visual cortex. Tonic inhibition was assessed as changes in holding currents by the application of the $GABA_A$ receptor blocker bicuculline. Basal tone of phasic inhibition was maintained by intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). However, maintenance of tonic inhibition relied on protein kinase A activity. Depolarization of membrane potential (5 min of 0 mV holding) potentiated phasic inhibition via $Ca^{2+}$ and CaMKII but tonic inhibition was not affected. Thus, phasic and tonic inhibition seem to be independently maintained and regulated by different signaling cascades in the same cell. These results suggest that neuromodulatory signals might differentially regulate phasic and tonic inhibition in response to changes in brain states.

Layer-specific serotonergic induction of long-term depression in the prefrontal cortex of rats

Dongchul Shin,Kwang-Hyun Cho,Kayoung Joo,Duck-Joo Rhie 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.24 No.6

Layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons (L2/3 PyNs) of the cortex extend their basal dendrites near the soma and as apical dendritic tufts in layer 1, which mainly receive feedforward and feedback inputs, respectively. It is suggested that neuromodulators such as serotonin and acetylcholine may regulate the information flow between brain structures depending on the brain state. However, little is known about the dendritic compartment-specific induction of synaptic transmission in single PyNs. Here, we studied layer-specific serotonergic and cholinergic induction of long-term synaptic plasticity in L2/3 PyNs of the agranular insular cortex, a lateral component of the orbitofrontal cortex. Using FM1-43 dye unloading, we verified that local electrical stimulation to layers 1 (L1) and 3 (L3) activated axon terminals mostly located in L1 and perisomatic area (L2/3). Independent and AMPA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potential was evoked by local electrical stimulation of either L1 or L3. Application of serotonin (5-HT, 10 μM) induced activity-dependent longterm depression (LTD) in L2/3 but not in L1 inputs. LTD induced by 5-HT was blocked by the 5-HT₂ receptor antagonist ketanserin, an NMDA receptor antagonist and by intracellular Ca²⁺ chelation. The 5-HT2 receptor agonist α-me-5-HT mimicked the LTD induced by 5-HT. However, the application of carbachol induced muscarinic receptor- dependent LTD in both inputs. The differential layer-specific induction of LTD by neuromodulators might play an important role in information processing mechanism of the prefrontal cortex.

How Asian countries understand policy experiment as policy pilots?

Ko, Kilkon,Shin, Kayoung Taylor Francis 2017 Asian Journal of Political Science Vol.25 No.3

LCA 방법론을 활용한 커피박 자원화의 환경부하 저감효과 분석 : 환경성적표지(EDP2013) 기준 일반합성목재와 커피박합성목재의 환경영향 비교 분석을 중심으로

이종효 ( Jonghyo Lee ),신가영 ( Kayoung Shin ),양수진 ( Soojin Yang ),최지우 ( Jiwoo Choi ),황용우 ( Yongwoo Hwang ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2022 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2022 No.1

LCA 방법론을 활용한 커피박 자원화의 환경부하 저감효과 분석 : 환경성적표지(EDP2013) 기준 일반합성목재와 커피박합성목재의 환경영향 비교 분석을 중심으로

이종효 ( Jonghyo Lee ),신가영 ( Kayoung Shin ),양수진 ( Soojin Yang ),최지우 ( Jiwoo Choi ),황용우 ( Yongwoo Hwang ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2022 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.-

상측분절시신경형성부전 환자와 정상안압녹내장 환자의 망막신경섬유층 두께 비교

김주현,강신희,박주현,이가영,Joo Hyun Kim,Shin Hee Kang,Joo Hyun Park,Kayoung Yi 대한안과학회 2013 대한안과학회지 Vol.54 No.2

Purpose: To analyze the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in superior segmental optic hypoplasia (SSOH) patients and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients with inferior visual field defects using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: Ten eyes of 10 patients with SSOH and 10 eyes of 10 patients with NTG were evaluated. The peripapillary RNFL thickness measured by OCT was compared between the 2 groups. Results: The mean RNFL thickness was not significantly different between SSOH patients (79.60 ± 12.54 μm) and NTG patients (77.10 ± 8.52 μm) (p = 0.089). Among the quadrant parameters, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups (p > 0.05). In a clock-hour analysis, the peripapillary RNFL thickness of the NTG group was significantly thicker than the SSOH group in 12, 1, and 2 o’clock (p = 0.029, 0.007, 0.043, respectively). In contrast, the peripapillary RNFL thickness of the SSOH group was significantly thicker than the SSOH group in 6, and 7 o’clock (p = 0.029, 0.007, respectively). Conclusions: Peripapillary RNFL thickness in patients with SSOH was thinner than in those with NTG in the superonasal region, but thicker in the inferotemporal region indicating a different retinal nerve fiber defect pattern between the 2 diseases.