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Case report : Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease Mimicking Unresectable Gallbladder Cancer
( Yoon Suk Lee ),( Sang Hyub Lee ),( Min Geun Lee ),( Seung June Lee ),( Jin Hyeok Hwang ),( Eun Shin ),( Yoon Jin Lee ) The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2013 Gut and Liver Vol.7 No.5
Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is a novel dis-ease entity that can involve diverse organs, causing specific diseases, including autoimmune pancreatitis, sclerosing cholangitis, cholecystitis, inflammatory aortic aneurysm, and inflammatory pseudotumor. IgG4-related disease is charac-terized by elevated serum IgG4 concentrations, abundant IgG4 lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, and dramatic steroid responses. It is clinically important to differentiate this rare disease from primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholangio-carcinoma, because the treatment and prognosis of these two diseases are completely different. However, the preoper-ative diagnosis is challenging, and the disease is frequently misdiagnosed. If the serum level of IgG4 is within the normal range, the diagnosis of IgG4-related disease is more difficult. This article reports on a 59-year-old man with IgG4-related disease mimicking unresectable gallbladder cancer with nor-mal serum IgG4 concentrations. (Gut Liver 2013;7:616-620)
혈액투석 중인 말기신부전 환자의 심근손상지표로서 심장트로포닌 - T 와 심장트로포닌 - I 의 임상적 의의
윤혁진(Hyeok Jin Yoon),이상봉(Sang Bong Lee),김양욱(Yang Wook Kim),김영훈(Yeong Hoon Kim),정우영(Woo Yeong Chung),김명유(Myeong You Kim),이정녀(Jeong Nyeo Lee) 대한신장학회 2002 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.21 No.4
배 경 : 심혈관계질환은 장기 혈액투석 환자의 주된 사망 원인이다. 심혈관계손상지표로 알려진 것 중에는 심장트로포닌-T(cTnT)와 심장트로포닌-I(cTnI)가 있다. 방 법: 56명의 장기 혈액투석 환자(남자 30명, 여자26명)를 대상으로 흡연, 당뇨병, 고혈압, 그리고 협심증성흉통 여부 및 심전도 변화를 조사하였고 혈액투석 직전에 혈액을 채취하여 혈청 마이오글로빈, 크레아틴인산효소(CPK), 젖산탈수소효소(LDH), 총 콜레스테롤, 혈색소, 부갑상선 호르몬, cTnT와 cTnI를 측정하였다. 또한 투석기간과 적절도(Kt/V_urea)를 조사하였다. cTnT는 ECLIA(참고치 ≤0.1 ng/mL)로 측정하였고, cTnI는 OPUS(참고치 ≤0.5 ng/mL)로 측정하였다. 결 과 : 대상 환자 56명 중 심근허혈소견은 32명(57.1%)의 환자에서 나타났고, cTnT 양성률은 32%(18/56), cTnI 양성률은 14%(8/56)였다. cTnT 농도는 심근허혈군 32명 중 12명(37.5%), 비심근허혈군 24명 중 1명(4.2%)에서 증가되어, 심근허혈군에서 비심근허혈군에 비해 cTnT가 의미있게 높은 양성률을 보였다(p=0.001). cTnI는 심근허혈군 32명 중 6명(18.8%), 비심근 허혈군 24명 중 2명(8.3%)에서 증가되었으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 심근허혈소견에 대한 cTnT의 민감도는 37.5% 특이도는 95.8%였고, cTnI의 민감도는 18.8% 특이도는 91.6%였다. 심근허혈군에서 고혈압, 증가된 LDH와 CPK 및 혈청 마이오글로빈, 40세 이상의 나이, 150 pg/mL 이상의 부갑상선호르몬, 1.4 이하의 Kt/V_urea, 4.0 g/dL 이하의 혈청알부민 등의 소견이 비심근허혈군에 비해 의미있게 높은 빈도를 보였다(p<0.05). cTnT는 LDH와 혈청 마이오 글로빈, 나이, 부갑상선호르몬, Kt/V_urea 등과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.46, p=0.0003; r=0.29, p=0.0282; r=0.42, p=0.0014; r=-0.49, p=0.0001; r=-0.29, p=0.0282). 그러나 cTnI는 나이만이 유의한 상관관계를 보였고(r=0.47, p=0.0003) 나머지 심근손상지표와 Kt/Vurea 등의 지표는 cTnI와 상관관계가 없었다. 결 론 : 유지혈액투석 중인 말기신부전 환자에서 심근손상의 지표로서 cTnT에 대한 2세대 ECLIA는 cTnI보다 더 민감하고 특이도는 cTnI 만큼 높으며, 부갑상선호르몬, 투석적절도, 여타 심근손상지표 등이 심장트로포닌-T 양성군 및 심근허혈군에서 유의한 차이를 보여, 장기혈액 투석환자에서 cTnT를 측정함으로써 경미한 허혈성심질환의 발견과 추적에 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다. Background : The main cause of death in maintenance hemodialyzed patients is cardiovascular event. Serum cardiac troponin T(cTnT) and I(cTnI) are increased in the serum of patients with chronic renal failure. Methods : We studied the incidence of increased serum cTnT and cTnI, the differences of their positivity, and the myocardial injury and cardiovascular risk factors in 56 maintenance hemodialyzed patients (30 males, 26 females). We investigated the patients about smoking, diabetes, hypertension and anginal pain. Blood was obtained from the patients immediately before hemodialysis. Samples were analyzed bin, PTH, cTnT and cTnI. Also, we evaluated the duration and adequacy(Kt/V_urea) of dialysis and ECG. cTnT was measured by ECLIA(reference value ≤0.1 ng/mL) and cTnI, by OPUS(reference value ≤0.5 ng/mL). Results : The mean age was 47 years(range from 15 to 73) and the mean dialysis duration was 38.7 months(range from 2 to 156). Myocardial ischemia was observed in 57.1%(32/56) of the patients. cTnT level above 0.1 ng/mL and cTnI level above 0.5 ng/ mL was observed in 32%(18/56) and 14%(8/56) of patients respectively. cTnT revealed significantly higher positive rate in the patients with myocardial ischemia than the patients without myocardial ischemia(37.5% vs 4.2%)(p=0.001). cTnI revealed no difference in positive rate between the patients with and without myocardial ischemia(18.8% vs 8.3%). The sensitivity and specificity of cTnT to myocardial ischemia were higher than those of cTnI(sensitivity 37.5% vs 18.8%, specificity 95.8% vs 91.6%). The patients with myocardial ischemia revealed hypertension, age over 40, Kt/Vurea under 1.4, and increased LDH, CPK, myoglobin, PTH levels with significantly higher frequency comparing to the patients without myocardial ischemia(p<0.05). cTnT levels correlated to LDH, myoglobin, age, PTH levels and Kt/Vurea(r=0.46, p=0.0003; r=0.29, p=0.0282; r=0.42, p=0.0014; r=-0.49, p=0.0001; r=-0.29, p=0.0282). cTnI levels correlated to age(r=0.47, p=0.0003) only. Conclusion : cTnT is a more sensitive and equally specific marker of myocardial ischemia than cTnI in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Also we may suggest that myocardial injury and increased cTnT levels are related to inadequate dialysis, secondary hyperparathyroidism and other cardiovascular risk factors in maintenance hemodialyzed patients.
Cu층 증착시간에 따른 Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) 박막의 특성
김윤진(Yoon Jin Kim),김인영(In Young Kim),강명길(Myeng Gil Gang),문종하(Jong Ha Moon),김진혁(Jin Hyeok Kim) 한국태양광발전학회 2016 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.4 No.1
Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) thin films were fabricated by successive electrodeposition of layers of precursor elements followed by sulfurization of an electrodeposited Cu-Zn-Sn precursor. In order to improve quality of the CZTS films, we tried to optimize the deposition condition of absorber layers. In particular, I have conducted optimization experiments by changing the Cu-layer deposition time. The CZTS absorber layers were synthesized by different Cu-layer conditions ranging from 10 to 16 minutes. The sulfurization of Cu/Sn/Zn stacked metallic precursor thin films has been conducted in a graphite box using rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The structural, morphological, compositional, and optical properties of CZTS thin films were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray Flourescenece Spectrometry (XRF). Especially, the CZTS TFSCs exhibits the best power conversion efficiency of 4.62% with Voc of 570 mV, sc of 18.15 mA/㎠ and FF of 45%. As the time of deposition of the Cu-layer to increasing, the properties were confirmed to be systematically changed. And we have been discussed in detail below.