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Populations of Rod and Cone Photoreceptors in the Hamster Retina
유성희,김현진,이경필,이은실,이제영,전창진,Yu, Song-Hee,Kim, Hyun-Jin,Lee, Kyoung-Pil,Lee, Eun-Shil,Lee, Jea-Young,Jeon, Chang-Jin Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 2009 Applied microscopy Vol.39 No.4
본 연구에서는 햄스터 망막의 추상과 간상 광수용체의 양적 분석을 하였다. 추상 광수용체를 과산화 효소로 표지된 피넛 렉틴(peroxidase-labeled peanut lectin)을 사용하여 염색한 뒤 광학 미분간섭 현미경(DIC, differential interference contrast optics)을 사용하여 관찰하였다. 또한 면역세포화학적 방법으로 추상 광수용체에 위치한 M/L-옵신과 S-옵신을 염색한 뒤 공초점 형광 현미경(confocal microscope)을 사용하여 관찰하였다. 추상세포의 평균 밀도는 9,307 $cells/mm^2$이며 전체 추상세포는 293,060개였다. 추상세포의 최대값(12,857 $cells/mm^2$)은 맹점(시신경 유두, optic disk)로부터 코 쪽 망막(nasal retina)으로 0.3 mm 떨어진 곳에 위치하였다. 간상세포의 평균은 300,082 $cells/mm^2$으로 전체 간상세포는 9,448,150개였다. 간상세포의 최대값(340,000 $cells/mm^2$)은 맹점으로부터 등쪽 망막(dorsal retina) 방향으로 0.3 mm 떨어진 곳에서 발견되었다. 평균적으로 전체 광수용체 중, 간상세포의 전체 분포는 96.99%이고 추상세포는 3.01%를 차지하였다. 또한 간상과 추상의 평균 비는 32.24 : 1이었다. 햄스터의 추상세포는 M/L-와 S-옵신을 가진다. 본 연구 결과는 햄스터가 일부 명소시를 가지는 강한 간상 우세 망막임을 제시한다. We report on a quantitative analysis of cone and rod photoreceptors in hamster retina. Cone and rod photoreceptors were counted in retinal whole mounts using differential interference contrast (DIC) optics microscopy after staining of cone photoreceptors were stained with peroxidase-labeled peanut lectin. Middle-to-long-wave-sensitive-(M/L-), and shortwave-sensitive-(S-) cone opsins were visualized by observed using confocal microscope after immunocytochemical procedure. The average cone density was 9,307 $cells/mm^2$, giving a total of cones of 293,060 cone cells per retina. The peak density of cone cells (12,857 $cells/mm^2$) was found 0.3 mm from the optic disk (OD) of the nasal retina. The average rod density was 300,082 $cells/mm^2$, giving a total number of rods of 9,448,150 cells. The peak density of rod cells was found 0.3 mm from the OD of the dorsal retina. Of all photoreceptors studied, the total percentage of rods and cones were 96.99% and cones 3.01%, respectively. The mean ratio of rod and cone was 32.24 : 1. The cone photoreceptors of hamster contained both M/L- and S-cone opsins. The present results suggest that the hamster retina is strongly rod-dominated with some photopic property of vision.
Cheon, Chong Kun,Sohn, Young Bae,Ko, Jung Min,Lee, Yeoun Joo,Song, Ji Sun,Moon, Jea Woo,Yang, Bo Kyoung,Ha, Il Soo,Bae, Eun Jung,Jin, Hyun-Seok,Jeong, Seon-Yong Springer-Verlag 2014 Journal of human genetics Vol.59 No.6
<P>Kabuki syndrome (KS) (OMIM#147920) is a multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation syndrome. Recently, pathogenic variants in KMT2D and KDM6A were identified as the causes of KS in 55.8-80.0% of patients. To elucidate further the molecular characteristics of Korean patients with KS, we screened a cohort of patients with clinically defined KS for mutations in KMT2D and KDM6A. Whole-exome sequencing and direct sequencing for validation were performed in 12 patients with a clinical suspicion of KS. KMT2D and KDM6A mutations were identified in 11 (91.7%) patients. No recurrent mutation was observed, and 10 out of the 11 mutations found were novel. KMT2D mutations were detected in 10 patients, including four small deletions or insertions and four nonsense and two missense mutations. One girl had a novel splice-site mutation in KDM6A. Each patient had a unique individual mutation. This is the first report of mutational analysis via exome sequencing in Korean patients with KS. Because the mutation-detection rate was high in this study, rigorous mutation analysis of KMT2D and KDM6A may be an important tool for the early diagnosis and genetic counseling of Korean patients with KS.</P>
일부 직업인의 건강증진생활양식에 영향을 미치는 요인 연구
이은경,안병상,유택수,김성천,정재열,박용신,장두섭,송용선,이기남,Lee Eun-Kyoung,An Byung-Sang,Yu Taek-Su,Kim Seoung-Cheon,Jeung Jea-Yeal,Park Young-Shin,Jahng Doo-Sub,Song Yung-Sun,Lee Ki-Nam 대한예방한의학회 2000 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.4 No.2
The current industrial health service is shifting to health improvement business with 1st primary prevention-focused service from secondary and tertiary prevention-focused business, and Oriental medicine can provide such primary prevention-focused service due to the characteristics of its science. In particular, the advanced concept of health improvement can match the science of health care of Oriental medicine. Notably, what is most important in health improvement is our lifestyle, This does not underestimate the socio-environmental factors, which have lessened their importance due to modernism. The approach of Oriental medicine weighs more individuals' lifestyle and health care through self-cultivation. This matches the new model of advanced health business. Oriental medicine is less systemized than Western medicine, but it can provide ample contents that enhance health. If we conceive health-improvement program based on the advantages provided by these two medical systems, this will influence workers to the benefit of their health. Also, health Program needs to define factors that determine individual lives, and to provide information and technologies essential to our lives. The Oriental medicine approach puts more stress on a subject's capabilities than it does on the effect his surrounding environment can have. This needs to be supported theoretically by not only defining the relations between an individual's health state and his lifestyle, but also identifying the degree to which an individual in the industrial work place practices health improvement lifestyle . This is the first step toward initiating health-improvement business . In order to do this, this researcher conducted a survey by taking random samplings from workers, and can draw the following conclusions from it. 1 The sampled group is categorized into', by sender, female 6.6%, and male 93.4%, with males dominant; by marriage status , unmarried 43.9% and married 55.6%, with both similar percentage, and, by age, below 30, 48.4%, between 30 and 39, 27.4%, between 40 and 49, 18.2%, and over 50, 6.0%. The group further is categorized into; by education, middle school or under 1.7%, high school 30.5%, and junior college or higher 65.8% with high school and higher dominant: and by income, below 1.7 million won 24.2%, below 2.4 million won 14.8%, and above 2.4 million 6.3% Still, the group by job is categorized into collegians with 23.9%, office worker with 10.3%, and professionals with 65.8% , and this group does not include workers engaged in production that are needed for this research, but mostly office workers . 2. The subjects selected for this survey show their degree of practicing health-improvement lifestyle at an average of 2.63, health management pattern at 2.64, and health-related awareness at 2.62 The sub-divisions of health-improvement lifestyle show social emotion (2.87), food (2.66). favorite food (2.59), and leisure activities (2.52), in this order for higher points. It further shows health awareness (2.47) and safety awareness (2.40), lower points than those in health management pattern . 3. In the area of using leisure time for health-improvement, males, older people, married, and people with higher income earn higher marks. And, in the area of food management, the older and married earn higher marks . In the area of favorite food management, females, lower-income bracket, and lower-educated show higher degree of practice , while in the area of social emotion management, the older. married, and higher-income bracket show higher marks. In addition, in the area of health awareness, the older, married, and people with higher-income show higher degree of practice. 4. To look at correlation by overall and divisional health-improvement practice degree , this researcher has analyzed the data using Person's correlation coefficient. The lifestyle shows significant correlation with its six sub-divisions, and use of leisure time, food, and health awareness al