19세기 京華世族의 實景山水畵後援배경과 畵壇에 미친 영향

金賢貞(Kim Hyunjung) 미술사연구회 2009 미술사연구 Vol.- No.23

Real-scenery landscape paintings (silgyeong sansuhwa, 實景山水畵) in the nineteenth century were produced in various forms such as albums, scrolls or folding screens, since patronage for the real-scenery landscape paintings by gyeonghwasejok had expanded due to travel for exploring natural beauties and their interest in collecting paintings and calligraphies. Gyeonghwasejok refers to aristocrats (yangban) living in the nation’s capital whose families’ social and economic status were guaranteed by monopolization of their government official posts. Gyeonghwasejok was a patron to painters, as well as a collector with the power of controlling the art market. Gyeonghwasejok, who dominated the painting circles in the nineteenth century, chose jabidaeryeong hwawon (painters-in-waiting) who were regarded as the best painters in their time after Kim Hong-do or local literati painters for their commissions. Gyeonghwasejok patronized real-scenery landscape paintings in the political situation of Noron (Old Doctrine)’s in-law government in the nineteenth century because of fascination over traveling for exploring the beauty of nature and their interest in collecting paintings and calligraphies, expression of consciousness of lineage and channels for political exchange, and the increased trend of treasuring Kim Hong-do’s Haesan-cheop. Gyeonghwasejok was active in producing real-scenery landscape paintings, as they were infatuated with traveling and collecting, while reading travel poems and travel diaries of their predecessors or treasuring inherited objects related to traveling for exploring the beauties. Further, Gyeonghwasejok reproduced gajeon hwacheop (painting albums preserved in one’s family) or gajeon hwabyeong (folding screens preserved in one’s family) that revealed their consciousness of lineage, or produced travel albums of paintings to get forewords or inscriptions from high-ranking officials, so they strived to secure their political positions. This is evidenced by Gosangugok sihwabyeong commissioned in 1803 by Andong Kim’s clan, a representative Noron’s family in power, and by the fact that they commissioned a painter to remake a copy of Gokwun gugok docheop in 1804. With the increased trend of treasuring Kim Hong-do’s Haesan-choep, gyeonghwasejok accompanied jabidaeryeong hwawon their journeys to produce travel albums of paintings or commissioned painters to reproduce travel albums of paintings in Kim Hong-do’s style. Real-scenery landscape paintings in the nineteenth century were patronized by two political powers; Noron’s gyeonghwasejok, who has substantial political power, and Soron(Young Doctrine)’s gyeonghwasejok, who cooperated with a family in power. Noron’s gyeonghwasejok who settled around the capital had the power not only in political circles but in art circles as well. Noron Yi Gwang-mun (1778-1838)’s Haesan docheop is a travel album of paintings executed by Kim Ha-jong (1793-1878) for his patron Yi Gwang-mun in his distinctive manner, which did not follow Kim Hong-do’s Haesan-choep, but rather reflected Yi’s idea of depicting actuality. This paper confirms that Kim ha-jong, who died in 1878, had a pen name of“Sungyanggeosa,”or was called “Yeonungongyang,”and it is presumed that Kim Jeong-hee (1786-1856), who had associated with Yi Gwang-mun, left an inscription on the cover of the album. Moreover, in the nineteenth century it was very competitive to be nominated by dodanghoegwon, so Jeong Won-yong, Yi Pung-ik, Yi Yu-won of Soron could not be appointed to high-ranking official posts without the support of Noron’s family in power. Haoedo sipgokbyeong patronized by Soron Jeong Won-yong (1783-1873) in 1828 was the gajeon hwabyeong commissioned to Yi Ui-seong, aimed to elevate the Jeong clan’s prestige, which is a reproduction of Haoesanghanakgang ildaedo, which included the poems of his ancestor Jeong Yu-gil and of the hometown of the Jeong clan. Jeong Wonyong published Dongseong gyoyeojip which compiled

기선(汽船)의 내지(內地) 진출과 청말(淸末)의 양선(洋船) 정책 - 19세기 말 프랑스 소형기선(小型汽船)의 내지항행(內地航行) 논쟁을 중심으로

김현정 ( Kim¸ Hyunjung ) 호남사학회 2021 역사학연구 Vol.83 No.-

본고에서는 1860년대 중반 소형기선의 내지항행을 둘러싸고 벌어진 프랑스측과 총리아문, 상해당국의 논쟁을 중심으로 청말 양선의 내지항행에 대한 청정부의 입장과 대처를 분석해 보았다. 19세기말 서양과의 조약 체결에 따른 통상항 개항이라는 새로운 국면에서, 청정부는 양선의 非통상항, 즉 內地로의 접근을 금지함으로써 대응하였다. 천진·북경조약 체결 이후 북경의 總理衙門은 재차 양선의 非通商港, 즉 內地(interior)로의 접근 및 교역을 일절 금지하였다. 즉, 양선은 오로지 통상항만 왕래하면서 교역할 수 있었다. 1865년 북경에서 프랑스공사 벨로네가 기선의 내지항행 허용을 요청하였을 때, 총리아문은 충돌사고에 대한 우려를 표명하며 완곡한 반대 의사를 나타냈다. 그리고 상해통상대신 이홍장을 위시한 상해당국과의 긴밀한 협조 속에서 기선의 내지항행 금지를 견지하고자 했다. 상해당국은 이 문제가 國家稅釐, 商民生計와 직결되는 중대 사안이라 여겼고 이는 총리아문 역시 마찬가지였다. 하지만 프랑스측 역시 물러서지 않고 조약 규정과 프랑스의 사례, 그리고 양선업의 화상 이익을 들어 기선의 내지항행 허용을 촉구하였다. 그러나 이홍장의 뒤를 이어 상해통상대신에 부임한 증국번은 무엇보다 내지의 민선업으로 영위하는 商民의 생계를 내세워 기선의 내지항행에 반대하였고, 결국 청조중앙과 지방당국의 지속적인 반대 속에서 기선의 내지항행은 허용되지 않았다. 청말의 통상항 개항은 일견 그때까지 닫혀 있었던 중국이 서양에 개방된 것처럼 보인다. 그러나 청정부가 양선을 통상항에 묶어둔 정책에서 생각해본다면, 통상항은 양선교역에 대한 제한이 관철되는 장소로서 의미를 지닌다 할 것이다. This research aims to analyze Qing Government’s response to the inland navigation of the foreign vessels in the late Qing Dynasty, focusing on the debate between the French Minister, the Tsungli Yamên and the Shanghai Authorities over the inland navigation of the small steamers in the mid-1860s. In the new phase of opening of treaty ports following the signing of the treaty with the West at the end of the 19th century, the Qing government responded by banning foreign vessels from access to non-treaty ports, that is the interior(內地). After the signing of the Treaties of the Tientsin(1858) and Peking(1860), the Tsungli Yamên of Peking once again prohibited access and trade to the interior of foreign vessels. In other words, foreign vessels including steamer could trade only through treaty ports. In 1865, when French Minister Henri de Bellonet requested permission for the French small steamers to sail inland, the Tsungli Yamên expressed concern about the crash and euphemistically opposed it. In close cooperation with the Shanghai Authorities, including the Superintendent of Southern ports, Li Hung-chang, the Tsungli Yamên sought to maintain a ban on the inland navigation of steamers. The Shanghai Authorities considered it to be a major issue directly related to the National tax revenue(國家稅釐) and livelihood of the native vessels(商民生計). But the French Minister also did not back down calling for the inland navigation of steamers, citing treaty provisions, the French case, and native merchant interests of business of foreign vessels. However, the Zeng Guo-fan, who succeeded Li Hong-chang in the Superintendent of Southern ports, opposed the inland navigation of steamers, citing the livelihood of the people living as the business of native vessels and eventually it was not allowed to do so amid constant opposition from the Peking Government and the Shanghai Authorities. At first glance, Qing China, which had been closed until then, seems to be finally open to the West. However, the Qing Government took the policy of binding the foreign vessels to the treaty ports, so the treaty ports have the meaning as the place where restrictions on the trade of foreign vessels are enforced.

청말(淸末) 기선(汽船)의 내지항행(內地航行) 금지(禁止) 조치(措置)에 관한 일고(一考) - 1860년대(年代) 중반(中盤) 상해(上海)의 도닝턴호(號) 안건(案件)을 중심(中心)으로

金賢貞 ( Kim¸ Hyunjung ) 중국사학회 2021 中國史硏究 Vol.- No.131

This paper aims to discuss the Qing government’s perception and the response of the inland navigation of the steamers in the late 19th century. Specifically, by analyzing the changes in the position and response of the Shanghai authorities about the Donnington issue in the mid-1860s, this study examined an aspect of the Qing government's policy on treaty ports. Since the Taiping Rebellion occupied Suzhou, the Shanghai authorities have been in fact allowing the upcountry purchase of the foreign merchants, who have loaded treasure on their steamers and go to the inner region to purchase native produce. However, in December 1864, the British small steamer Donnington was in trouble as it navigated from Shanghai to the non-treaty port of Suzhou. The Shanghai authorities banned inland navigation of the steamers based on Article 47 of the Treaty of Tianjin in 1858. However, in response to such measures, Harry S. Parkes, a British consul in Shanghai, presented the despatches of August and October of 1863 sent by Hwangbang(黃芳), a former Shanghai Taotai as evidence, insisted that it was approved by the Superintendent of Southern ports, Li Hung-chang(李鴻章). At the request of the Desheng Barrier(得勝卡), Li Hung-chang, quoted in the Hwang's despatches, made the steamers anchored at the Likin barrier to comply with cargo inspection and Likin payment. In addition, Hwangbang informed the British consulate of the list of Likin barrier that the steamers were to dock. As such, the Shanghai authorities allowed the steamers to navigate inland on the premise of cargo inspection and payment of Likin but banned them from navigating inland based on the Donnington issue. In the background, the trade of the native merchants and native vessels was restored as the Taiping Rebellion of Jiangsu was suppressed in late August 1864, followed by the restoration of Suzhou and Nanjing. Thus, the Shanghai authorities judged that the disadvantages were greater than the advantages obtained by allowing the steamers to navigate inland. Such a controversy emerged as a problem of a decrease in tax revenues and livelihood of the native vessels as well as the problem of Likin evasion and public safety.

제20대 대통령선거에서의 이슈경쟁과 TV토론이 여론에 미친 영향

김현정 ( Kim¸ Hyunjung ) 한국국회학회 2022 한국과 세계 Vol.4 No.3

본 논문에서는 2022년 3월 9일 실시된 대통령 선거에 사전한 TV 토론 중 제1차 TV토론에서 후보자들의 토론 이슈 전략, 언어/비언어적 요소에 대한 분석의 세 가지 차원을 분석하였다. 특히 본고에서는 Benoit and Wells(1996)가 제시한 설득적 공격과 방어의 스피치 전략 분석틀을 활용하여 분석유목을 제시하였다. 분석 결과, 이재명 후보는 설득적 공격 전략으로 의무나 책무 관련성 4.9%, 불일치성, 약속 위반성에 관한 지적 4.9%를 나타낸 반면, 설득적 방어 전략으로 수치나 해외사례를 근거로 제시하는 예시제시 22.0%, 정책설명 19.5%을 주요하게 사용하였다. 윤석열 후보는 설득적 공격 전략으로 원색적 비난(인격, 사생활) 7.9%, 불일치성, 약속 위반성 지적 5.3% 사용하였으나, 설득적 방어 전략으로 불필요한 발성음, 더듬거림을 18.4%, 단순부정 13.2%, 정책설명 10.5%, 모호하거나 우회적 답변 7.9% 사용하였다. 이재명 후보와 윤석열 후보는 양강 구도를 이루고 있어, 각 이슈마다 대립하였다. 특히 주도권토론에서 양 후보는 대장동 화천대유 이슈로 격론을 벌이며, 다수의 비언어적 제스처를 취하게 되었다. In this paper, three dimensions of the candidates' discussion issue strategies and analysis of verbal/non-verbal factors were analyzed in the first TV debate among the TV debates held before the presidential election on March 9, 2022. In particular, in this paper, the analysis nomad was presented using the speech strategy analysis framework of persuasive attack and defense suggested by Benoit and Wells (1996). The analysis results are as follows. As a persuasive attack strategy, Candidate Jae-myung Lee showed 4.9% of relevance to duties or obligations, On the other hand, mainly used 22.0% of examples. Candidate Seok-Yeol Yoon used primary color criticism (personality, personal life) 7.9% and points of inconsistency, On the other hand, he used unnecessary vocalizations and stuttering as a persuasive defense strategy by 18.4%, simple negation 13.2%. Candidate Jae-myung Lee and Candidate Seok-yeol Yoon were in a two-way structure, and they faced each other on each issue. In particular, in the debate on initiative, the two candidates quarreled over the issue of Daejang-dong, Hwacheon, and made a number of non-verbal gestures.

불교, 한의학 그리고 통합완화의료

심현정 ( Sim¸ Hyunjung ),이예준 ( Lee¸ Yejun ),김재은 ( Kim¸ Jaieun ) 사단법인 한국교수불자연합회 2021 한국교수불자연합학회지 Vol.27 No.2

본 논문에서는 외국과 우리나라의 호스피스·완화의료 현황과 특징을 비교해 보고, 우리나라 완화의료에서 불교와 한의학이 어떠한 역할을 할 수 있는지 알아보고자 한다. 호스피스란 임종이 임박한 환자가 편안하고 인간적인 죽음을 맞을 수 있도록 질병의 치료보다 고통과 증상의 완화에 초점을 두는 신체적·정신적·사회적·영적 돌봄을 말한다. 불교와 한의학은 모두 호스피스의 관점을 가지고 있다. 한의학의 현상론적 질병관에서는 관찰되는 증상들이 곧 질병이며, 사기(邪氣)의 제거보다 정기(正氣)의 강화를 더 중요시한다. 또한 한약과 침은 특히 암 관련 증상인 메스꺼움, 구토, 식욕 저하, 피로 등에 효과 있어 여러 나라에서 완화의료에 사용되고 있다. 불교와 완화의료는 현재에 초점을 두며 고통을 다루는 것이 공통점이다. 대만은 세계에서 불교의 호스피스 참여도가 가장 높으며 불교의 마음챙김명상은 심신 치유와 질병 예방의 측면에서 활발히 연구되고 있다. 따라서 영적 돌봄에 대한 관심이 적고 서양의학 위주인 우리나라 완화의료는 호스피스의 정의에 맞는 전인적 돌봄을 위한 통합완화의료로 나아가기 위해 불교와 한의학을 더 적극적으로 활용할 필요가 있다. The aim of this study is to compare current status and characteristics of hospice·palliative care in Korea with that of other countries, and discuss possibilities of Buddhism and Korean medicine in Korean Hospice Care area. Hospice·Palliative care provide physical, mental, social, and spiritual care, which focuses on alleviating pain and symptoms rather than remission of disease for terminally ill patients. Both Buddhism and Korean medicine have hospice perspective. In Korean medicine's phenomenological view, observed symptoms comprise a disease itself and strengthening Jung-Gi(正氣) is more emphasized than removing Sa-Gi(邪氣). Furthermore herbal medicine and acupuncture are adopted in hospice care in many countries due to beneficial effects on cancer-related symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and fatigue. Buddhism and palliative care focus on the present and deal with pain in common. Especially, Taiwan shows the most active participation in the Buddhistic hospice in the world, and Buddhist mind-body meditation is remarkably studied in terms of mental and physical healing and disease prevention. While western medicine which plays a dominant role in current hospicepalliative care lacks in interests on spiritual care and quality of life of patients. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize Buddhism and Korean medicine more actively toward integrated palliative care, in order to meet the definition of hospice

Correlation between Crystallinity, Charge Transport, and Electrical Stability in an Ambipolar Polymer Field-Effect Transistor Based on Poly(naphthalene-<i>alt</i>-diketopyrrolopyrrole)

Kim, Beom Joon,Lee, Hyo-Sang,Lee, Joong Seok,Cho, Sanghyeok,Kim, Hyunjung,Son, Hae Jung,Kim, Honggon,Ko, Min Jae,Park, Sungnam,Kang, Moon Sung,Oh, Se Young,Kim, BongSoo,Cho, Jeong Ho American Chemical Society 2013 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.117 No.22

<P>We characterized the electrical properties of ambipolar polymer field-effect transistors (PFETs) based on the low-band-gap polymer, pNAPDO-DPP-EH. The polymer consisted of electron-rich 2,6-di(thienyl)naphthalene units with decyloxy chains (NAPDO) and electron-deficient diketopyrrolopyrrole units with 2-ethylhexyl chains (DPP-EH). The as-spun pNAPDO-DPP-EH PFET device exhibited ambipolar transport properties with a hole mobility of 3.64 × 10<SUP>–3</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP>/(V s) and an electron mobility of 0.37 × 10<SUP>–3</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP>/(V s). Thermal annealing of the polymer film resulted in a dramatic increase in the carrier mobility. Annealing at 200 °C yielded hole and electron mobilities of 0.078 and 0.002 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/(V s), respectively. The mechanism by which the mobility had improved was investigated via grazing incidence X-ray diffraction studies, atomic force microscopy, and temperature-dependent transport measurements. These results indicated that thermal annealing improved the polymer film crystallinity and promoted the formation of a longer-range lamellar structure that lowered the thermal activation energy for charge hopping. Thermal annealing, moreover, reduced charge trapping in the films and thus improved the electrical stability of the PFET device. This work underscores the fact that long-range ordering in a crystalline polymer is of great importance for efficient charge transport and high electrical stability.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2013/jpccck.2013.117.issue-22/jp400664r/production/images/medium/jp-2013-00664r_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp400664r'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Oriented Grains with Preferred Low-Angle Grain Boundaries in Halide Perovskite Films by Pressure-Induced Crystallization

Kim, Wanjung,Jung, Myung Sun,Lee, Seonhee,Choi, Yung Ji,Kim, Jung Kyu,Chai, Sung Uk,Kim, Wook,Choi, Dae-Geun,Ahn, Hyungju,Cho, Jeong Ho,Choi, Dukhyun,Shin, Hyunjung,Kim, Dongho,Park, Jong Hyeok Wiley (John WileySons) 2018 ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS Vol.8 No.10

Rapid fecal cytokeratin-19 test and fecal occult blood test in screening for gastrointestinal diseases.

Kim, Hyunjung,Kim, Yonggoo,Yoon, Sangsoon,Lim, Jihyang,Kim, Myungshin,Lee, Soonwook,Kang, Sunghan,Lee, Eun Jung,Kang, Chang Suk,Han, Kyungja Institute for Clinical Science] 2006 Annals of clinical and laboratory science Vol.36 No.3

<P>To evaluate the screening power of the fecal cytokeratin-19 test (CK-19) and the fecal occult blood test (FOBT), we performed rapid fecal CK-19 and FOBT tests on 515 stool samples from patients with various GI diseases and 814 stool samples from control patients. The rapid fecal CK-19 test (developed by DiNonA Research Institute, Seoul, Korea) is based on gold immunochromatography and has a sensitivity of 1 ng/ml. The positive rate of the FOBT was 2.1% in controls, 14.0% in GI cancer patients, 3.5% in GI inflammation patients, 11.7% in bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients, and 6.0% in childhood diarrhea patients. Except for the GI inflammation patients, the patients' positive rates for FOBT were all higher than the controls (p <0.05). The positive rate of the fecal CK-19 test was 8.2% in controls, 42.1% in GI cancer patients, 66.0% in GI inflammation patients, 84.8% in BMT patients, and 19.9% in childhood diarrhea patients. In all of the patient groups, positive rates for the CK-19 test were higher than in the controls (p <0.05). The fecal CK-19 test was more frequently positive (42.1%) in GI cancer patients than the FOBT; if both tests were used, the sensitivity was 49.1%. The fecal CK-19 test (but not the FOBT) gave a higher positive rate in GI inflammation patients than the controls, suggesting that the CK-19 test could serve as a screening test for GI inflammation. The highest positive rate of the fecal CK-19 test was found in the BMT group, indicating that significant GI epithelial desquamation had occurred. Although the positive rate of the fecal CK-19 test in childhood diarrhea patients was higher than in the controls, it was much lower than in adults with GI inflammatory disease. Evidently, children with GI inflammation do not desquamate as much intestinal epithelium as adult patients with GI inflammation. This study shows that the rapid fecal GK-19 test, used in conjunction with the FOBT, may be a valuable screening technique for GI diseases and can assist physicians in the differential diagnosis of GI diseases.</P>

Pretreated fucoidan confers neuroprotection against transient global cerebral ischemic injury in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 area via reducing of glial cell activation and oxidative stress

Kim, Hyunjung,Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Song, Minah,Kim, Dae Won,Lee, Tae-Kyeong,Lee, Jae-Chul,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Jong-Dai,Cho, Jun Hwi,Hwang, In Koo,Yan, Bing Chun,Won, Moo-Ho,Park, Joon Ha Elsevier 2019 BIOMEDICINE AND PHARMACOTHERAPY Vol.109 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown algae and possesses various beneficial activities, including antioxidant property. Previous studies have shown that fucoidan displays protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in some organs. However, few studies have been reported regarding the protective effect of fucoidan against transient cerebral ischemic insults and its related mechanisms. Therefore, in this study, we examined the neuroprotective effect of fucoidan against transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI), as well as underlying its mechanism using a gerbil model of tGCI which shows a loss of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) area after 5 min of tGCI. Fucoidan (25 and 50 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered once daily for 5 days before tGCI. Pretreatment with 50 mg/kg of fucoidan, not 25 mg/kg of fucoidan, attenuated tGCI-induced hyperactivity and protected CA1 pyramidal neurons from tGCI. In addition, pretreatment with 50 mg/kg of fucoidan inhibited activations of astrocytes and microglia in the ischemic CA1 area. Furthermore, pretreatment with 50 mg/kg of fucoidan significantly reduced the increased 4-hydroxy-2-noneal and superoxide anion radical production in the ischemic CA1 area and significantly increased expressions of SOD1 and SOD2 in the CA1 pyramidal neurons before and after tGCI. Additionally, treatment with diethyldithiocarbamate (an inhibitor of SODs) to the fucoidan-treated gerbils notably abolished the fucoidan-mediated neuroprotection. In brief, our present results indicate that fucoidan can effectively protect neurons from tGCI through attenuation of activated glial cells and reduction of oxidative stress via increase of SODs. Thus, we strongly suggest that fucoidan can be used as a useful preventive agent in cerebral ischemia.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Pretreatment with fucoidan protects CA1 pyramidal neurons from ischemic damage. </LI> <LI> Pretreated fucoidan inhibits activation of glial cells in ischemic CA1 area. </LI> <LI> Pretreated fucoidan attenuates oxidative stress in CA1 area after ischemic insult. </LI> <LI> Pretreated fucoidan increases SODs expressions in ischemic CA1 pyramidal neurons. </LI> <LI> Fucoidan-mediated neuroprotection is abolished by DDC (SODs inhibitor) treatment. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Use of Delta Neutrophil Index for Differentiating Low-Grade Community-Acquired Pneumonia From Upper Respiratory Infection

Kim, Hyunjung,Kim, Yonggoo,Kim, Kwan Hyoung,Yeo, Chang Dong,Kim, Jin Woo,Lee, Hae Kyung The Korean Society for Laboratory Medicine 2015 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.35 No.6