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The level of urinary aflatoxin M1 in Korean adults
Yong-Dae Kim1, Hyojin Kwon, Sun-In Moon, Sang-Yong Eom, Jung-Duk Park, Byung-Sun Choi, Seok-Joon Sohn, Young-Seoub Hong, Ho Kim, Ho-Jang Kwon, Ji-Ae Lim, Hae-Jung Yoon, Gwang-Jin Kim, Heon Kim 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.3
Competitive ELISA methods were used to measure the level of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) from urine in 1008 Korean adults. Subjects were selected by random sampling in all areas of Korea, except Cheju-do. The recovery rate of AFM1 using this method was 105% (73-124%). The geometric mean of urinary AFM1 in all subjects was 3.43 pg/mL (3.67 ng/g creatinine). The level of AFM1 in males was statistically higher, compared with female subjects. However, the levels of AFM1 did not differ according to age. Subjects in Chungbuk-do showed the highest urinary AFM1 concentration, whereas subjects in Kyeongnam-do showed the lowest concentration. Assuming an excretion rate of 5%, this AFM1 excretion corresponds to approximately 0.1 microgram/day in Korean adults.
21세기 일본 오타쿠문화의 행방: ‘코미케 스페셜’의 변모를 중심으로
김효진 ( Kim¸ Hyojin ) 현대일본학회 2020 日本硏究論叢 Vol.51 No.-
본 논문은 40년 이상의 역사를 가진 일본 최대 규모의 이벤트인 <코믹마켓>이 5년에 1회, 특별 행사로서 개최하는 <코미케 스페셜>의 변모를 분석하고, 이를 통해 2000년대 이후 일본 오타쿠문화가 주류사회와의 관계를 어떻게 규정해 왔는가를 추적하고 이러한 변화가 내포한 문제점을 비판적으로 고찰하고자 한다. 1년에 2회, 동인지의 배포와 교류를 주 내용으로 하는 동인지 즉매회가 중심인 코미케 본행사와는 달리 코미케 스페셜은 코믹마켓준비회가 특정한 테마를 바탕으로 만화와 관련이 있는 다양한 기획을 실행하는 장으로서 기획되었다. 실제 이벤트 내용과 기획의도를 살펴보면 2005년에 열린 4회까지는 ‘놀이의 장’으로서, 오타쿠문화의 내부자가 즐기기 위한 내용으로 구성되었다면 2010년과 2015년에 열린 5회와 6회에서는 주류사회의 이슈를 반영하여 각각 지역활성화와 쿨재팬 정책과의 관련성이 강화되는 방향으로 나타나고 있다. 특히 6회에서 채택된 <오타쿠 신세기 선언> 및 코미케 관련 단체로서 <국제 오타쿠 엑스포협회>의 발족에서 드러나는 오타쿠문화의 일본적인 특성에 대한 강조는 중앙정부에 의한 오타쿠문화의 전유라는 측면에서 많은 문제를 제기한다. 결론적으로 2000년대 이후 일본 내부에서도 주목하기 시작한 경제적 중요성과 세계적인 위상으로 인해 코미케가 더 이상 주류사회와의 접점을 피할 수 없다면, 주류사회의 ‘어떤’ 행위자와 ‘어떤’ 방식 의 접점을 만들어갈 것인가야말로 앞으로 코미케가 마주한 새로운 도전일 것이다. This study examined how Japanese otaku culture has defined its relationship with mainstream Japanese society since the 2000s by analyzing the changes in Comike Special (CS), the special event of the Comic Market, which is held every five years. Comike Special is designed as an event involving unique performances and events, which cannot be done at regular Comic Market, with a different theme for each event. For example, from CS 1 to CS 4, each CS focused on ‘entertainment for otaku’, by offering a range of performances, symposia, and talk shows. On the other hand, CS 5 with the theme ‘Townmaking by Comiket’ and CS 6 with the theme ‘OTAKU SUMMIT’, closely reflected the interests of mainstream society in otaku culture and appeared to meet its expectations toward otaku and comic market. Moreover, < Declaration of the New Otaku Century > and the inauguration of the International Otaku Expo Association, which are designed as a part of CS 6, are problematic because the emphasis on Japan as the origin of otaku culture came from the appropriation of otaku culture by the Japanese government. In conclusion, the future of Comiket depends on what kind of agency it will co-operate with and what kind of congruence will emerge as a result, as far as mainstream society is interested in Comiket.
Genetic heterogeneity of liver cancer stem cells
Minjeong Kim(Minjeong Kim),Kwang-Woo Jo(Kwang-Woo Jo),Hyojin Kim(Hyojin Kim),Myoung-Eun Han(Myoung-Eun Han),Sae-Ock Oh(Sae-Ock Oh) 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.1
Cancer cell heterogeneity is a serious problem in the control of tumor progression because it can cause chemoresistance and metastasis. Heterogeneity can be generated by various mechanisms, including genetic evolution of cancer cells, cancer stem cells (CSCs), and niche heterogeneity. Because the genetic heterogeneity of CSCs has been poorly characterized, the genetic mutation status of CSCs was examined using Exome-Seq and RNA-Seq data of liver cancer. Here we show that different surface markers for liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) showed a unique propensity for genetic mutations. Cluster of differentiation 133 (CD133)-positive cells showed frequent mutations in the IRF2, BAP1, and ERBB3 genes. However, leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5-positive cells showed frequent mutations in the CTNNB1, RELN, and ROBO1 genes. In addition, some genetic mutations were frequently observed irrespective of the surface markers for LCSCs. BAP1 mutations was frequently observed in CD133-, CD24-, CD13-, CD90-, epithelial cell adhesion molecule-, or keratin 19-positive LCSCs. ASXL2, ERBB3, IRF2, TLX3, CPS1, and NFATC2 mutations were observed in more than three types of LCSCs, suggesting that common mechanisms for the development of these LCSCs. The present study provides genetic heterogeneity depending on the surface markers for LCSCs. The genetic heterogeneity of LCSCs should be considered in the development of LCSC-targeting therapeutics.
Ferromagnetism and p-type Conductivity in Laser-deposited (Zn,Mn)O Thin Films Codoped by Mg and P
Hyojin Kim,Hyoun Soo Kim,Dojin Kim,Young Eon Ihm,Woong Kil Choo,Chanyong Hwang 한국자기학회 2007 Journal of Magnetics Vol.12 No.4
We report on the observation of p-type conductivity and ferromagnetism in diluted magnetic semiconductor (Zn0.97Mg0.01Mn0.02)O:P films grown on SiO₂/Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The p-type conduction with hole concentration over 1018 ㎝<SUP>?3</SUP> is obtained by codoping of Mg and P followed by rapid thermal annealing in an O₂atmosphere. Structural and compositional analyses for the p-type (Zn0.97Mg0.01Mn0.02)O:P films annealed at 800 ℃ indicates that highly c-axis oriented homogeneous films were grown without any detectable formation of secondary phases. The films were found to be transparent in the visible range. The magnetic measurements clearly revealed an enhancement of room temperature ferromagnetism by p-type doping.
Kim Hyojin,Yoon Yune-Jung,Kim Hyunmi,Cha Eun-Young,Lee Hye Suk,Kim Jeong-Han,Yi Kyu Yang,Lee Sunkyung,Cheon Hyae Gyeong,Yoo Sung-Eun,Lee Sang-Seop,Shin Jae-Gook,Liu Kwang-Hyeon The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.11
KR-33028 (N-[4-cyano-benzo[b]thiophene-2-carbonyl]guanidine) is a new cardioprotective agent for preventing ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study was performed to identify the metabolic pathway of KR-33028 in human liver microsomes and to compare its metabolism with that of cryopreserved human hepatocytes. Human liver microsomal incubation of KR-33028 in the presence of NADPH and UDPGA resulted in the formation of four metabolites, M1, M2, M3, and M4. M1 and M2 were identified as 5-hydroxy-KR-33028 and 7-hydroxy-KR-33028, respectively, on the basis of LC/MS/MS analysis with the synthesized authentic standard. M3 and M4 were suggested to be dihydroxy-KR-33028 and hydroxy-KR-33028-glucuronide, respectively. Metabolism of KR-33028 in cryopreserved human hepatocytes resulted in the formation of M1, M2, and M4. These data show a good correlation between major metabolites formed in human liver microsomes and cryopreserved human hepatocytes. In addition, KR33028 was found to inhibit moderately the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates. Based on the results obtained metabolic pathway of KR-33028 is proposed.
Effect of Tin Codoping on Transport and Magnetic Properties of Chromium-doped Indium Oxide Films
Hyojin Kim,Hyoun Soo Kim,Dojin Kim,Young Eon Ihm,Woong Kil Choo,Chanyong Hwang 한국자기학회 2008 Journal of Magnetics Vol.13 No.3
This study examined the effect of Sn co-doping on the transport and magnetic properties of Cr-doped In₂O₃ thin films grown on (100) silicon substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The experimental results showed that Sn co-doping enhances the magnetization and appearance of the anomalous Hall effect, and increases the carrier (electron) concentration. These results suggest that the conduction carrier plays an important role in enhancing the ferromagnetism of a laser-deposited Cr-doped In₂O₃ film, which may have applications in transparent oxide semiconductor spin electronics devices.
<i>In vitro</i> metabolism of a new cardioprotective agent, KR‐32570, in human liver microsomes
Kim, Hyojin,Kang, Suil,Kim, Hyunmi,Yoon, Yune‐,Jung,Cha, Eun‐,Young,Lee, Hye Suk,Kim, Jeong‐,Han,Yea, Sung Su,Lee, Sang‐,Seop,Shin, Jae‐,Gook,Liu, Kwang‐,Hyeon John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2006 Rapid communications in mass spectrometry Vol.20 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>KR‐32570 (5‐(2‐methoxy‐5‐chlorophenyl)furan‐2‐ylcarbonyl)guanidine) is a new reversible Na<SUP>+</SUP>/H<SUP>+</SUP> exchanger inhibitor for preventing ischemia‐reperfusion injury. This study was performed to identify the metabolic pathway of KR‐32570 in human liver microsomes. Human liver microsomal incubation of KR‐32570 in the presence of NADPH and UDPGA resulted in the formation of six metabolites, M1–M6. M1 was identified as <I>O</I>‐desmethyl‐KR‐32570, on the basis of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) analysis with the synthesized authentic standard. M2 and M3 were suggested to be hydroxy‐KR‐32570 and hydroxy‐<I>O</I>‐desmethyl‐KR‐32570, respectively. M1, M2, and M3 were further metabolized to their glucuronide conjugates, M4, M5, and M6, respectively. In addition, the specific P450 isoforms responsible for KR‐32570 oxidation to two major metabolites, <I>O</I>‐desmethyl‐KR‐32570 and hydroxy‐KR‐32570, were identified using a combination of correlation analysis, chemical inhibition in human liver microsomes and metabolism by expressed recombinant P450 isoforms. The inhibitory potency of KR‐32570 on clinically major P450s was investigated in human liver microsomes. The results show that CYP3A4 contributes to the oxidation of KR‐32570 to hydroxy‐KR‐32570, and CYP1A2 play the predominant role in <I>O</I>‐demethylation of KR‐32570. KR‐32570 was found to inhibit moderately the metabolism of CYP2C8 substrates. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>