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Quantum-well states in Cu/Fe/Cu(111) coupled to the bulk band through the barrier
Hwang, Chanyong,Lee, Dohyun,Han, S W,Kang, J S IOP Pub 2008 Journal of physics, an Institute of Physics journa Vol.20 No.26
<P>The quantum-well state (QWS) has been observed on the surface of Cu/Fe/Cu(111). The confinement of the states on the top Cu layers is due to the minority spin barrier of the Fe underlayer. This QWS coexists with the Shockley surface state, which is observed on a clean Cu(111) surface. The resonant behavior of this QWS versus photon energy results from the vertical transition to the unoccupied bulk band, which is possibly due to the coupling between the overlayer Cu and the substrate Cu(111). </P>
Initial Stage of Graphene Growth on a Cu Substrate
Hwang, Chanyong,Yoo, K.,Kim, S. J.,Seo, E. K.,Yu, H.,Biró,, L. P. American Chemical Society 2011 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.115 No.45
<P>The growth of graphene on copper foil has attracted attention in the last two years due to its feasibility for a controllable growth process. One of the key issues remaining for practical application of graphene in solid-state devices is growth with a large grain size. Because the C–C bond in graphene is strong enough to prevent the evaporation–condensation process, Smoluchowski ripening is expected to be the dominant process for coalescence. In this article, we present the initial growth process of graphene on a Cu foil via the chemical vapor deposition method by using secondary electron microscopy and Raman microscopy. In contrast to the other transition-metal substrates, such as Ir and Rh, the center of graphene islands binds to the substrate more rigidly than the edge. For the growth with a large grain size, the graphene should be grown on a substrate with a low diffusion barrier for the carbon clusters (or islands) with low flux; this is the controlling parameter for the grain size. In addition, high-temperature growth (or annealing) generally becomes a dominant condition for the completion of graphene growth with large grains after the coalescence.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2011/jpccck.2011.115.issue-45/jp205980d/production/images/medium/jp-2011-05980d_0010.gif'></P>