지역난방 공동주택의 건축물 에너지절약 설계기준 강화에 따른 난방에너지 사용량 분석

이성우(Sung一Woo Lee),정광섭(Kwang-Seop Chung),김영일(Young-Il Kim) 한국지열·수열에너지학회 2011 한국지열에너지학회논문집 Vol.7 No.2

Since 1970s, energy-saving design criteria of buildings has been improved through numerous revisions. The purpose of this research is to show how energy saving design criteria affects heating energy consumption of apartments using district heating. Heating energy consumption has been measured in 4 apartments located in Gyeonggi province, Korea from Nov. 1, 2007 through Oct. 31, 2008. Collected data was regressed to linear correlations. Heating energy consumptions were calculated for past, present and future energy-saving design criteria, which are outdoor temperature, ventilation and insulation. The results show that present design criteria has reduced heating energy consumption by 15%, and the future criteria will reduce the energy consumption by 42% compared to the criteria before 2001.

A PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION OF DECABORANE WITH TRIMETHYLSILYLDIAZOMETHANE

Sung, Dae-Dong,Kim, Chang-Soo,Lee, Jae-Duck,Lim, Gui-Taek,Uhm, Tae-Seop,Park, Yong Tae Korean Society of Photoscience 1994 Journal of Photosciences Vol.1 No.2

The reaction of decaborane with trimethylsilyldiazomethane gives 1, 2-bis (trimethylsilyl)-1, 2-carba-closo-dodecaborane(12). This compound is similar to the icosahedral cage structure of o-carborane. This formation of the first adduct proceeds through deprotonation of the acidic center of B(9) and B(6) by intermolecular attack by the lone electron pair of the carbene, : CHSiMe$_3$. The yield of product is influenced by irradiation and thermal conditions.

Incidence and clinical characteristics of clonal cytogenetic abnormalities of acquired aplastic anemia in adults

Lee, Ji Hyun,Kwon, Kyung A,Lee, Suee,Oh, Sung Yong,Kim, Sung-Hyun,Kwon, Hyuk-Chan,Han, Jin-Yeong,Song, Moo-Kon,Chung, Joo-Seop,Lee, Ho Sup,Kim, Yang Soo,Lee, Sang-Min,Joo, Young-Don,Kim, Hyo-Jin Korean Society of Hematology; Korean Society of Bl 2010 Blood Research Vol.45 No.4

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Cytogenetic abnormalities (CAs) have been reported frequently in patients with otherwise typical aplastic anemia (AA), but their implications in the prognosis and in the evolution to hematologic malignancies are controversial.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We retrospectively analyzed 127 adult AA patients who had successful cytogenetic analysis at initial diagnosis.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The patients were classified into 3 groups according to the initial and follow-up results of cytogenetic profiles. Group 1 included patients who had persistent AA with normal cytogenetic profiles (N=117); Group 2, those who had a normal cytogenetic profile at initial diagnosis but later acquired CA (N=4, 3.1%); and Group 3, those who had CA at the initial diagnosis, regardless of follow-up cytogenetic status (N=6,4.7%). In Group 2, 2 patients later developed CA without progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS); the other 2 patients later progressed to AML. None of the patients in Group 3 progressed to AML or MDS. There was no significant difference in overall survival between Groups 1 and 3.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>AA patients with CA at initial diagnosis or follow-up may not be at greater risk for evolution to AML or MDS, or show shorter survival periods. Prospective studies and a larger patient samples are needed to establish the clinical relevance of CA.</P>

Indacaterol Inhibits Tumor Cell Invasiveness and MMP-9 Expression by Suppressing IKK/NF-κB Activation

Lee, Su Ui,Ahn, Kyung-Seop,Sung, Min Hee,Park, Ji-Won,Ryu, Hyung Won,Lee, Hyun-Jun,Hong, Sung-Tae,Oh, Sei-Ryang Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2014 Molecules and cells Vol.37 No.8

The ${\beta}_2$ adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) is a G protein-coupled transmembrane receptor expressed in the human respiratory tract and widely recognized as a pharmacological target for treatments of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). Although a number of ADRB2 agonists have been developed for use in asthma therapy, indacaterol is the only ultra-long-acting inhaled ${\beta}_2$-agonist (LABA) approved by the FDA for relieving the symptoms in COPD patients. The precise molecular mechanism underlying the pharmacological effect of indacaterol, however, remains unclear. Here, we show that ${\beta}$-arrestin-2 mediates the internalization of ADRB2 following indacaterol treatment. Moreover, we demonstrate that indacaterol significantly inhibits tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$)-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ activity by reducing levels of both phosphorylated-IKK and -$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, thereby decreasing NF-${\kappa}B$ nuclear translocation and the expression of MMP-9, an NF-${\kappa}B$ target gene. Subsequently, we show that indacaterol significantly inhibits TNF-${\alpha}$/NF-${\kappa}B$-induced cell invasiveness and migration in a human cancer cell line. In conclusion, we propose that indacaterol may inhibit NF-${\kappa}B$ activity in a ${\beta}$-arrestin2-dependent manner, preventing further lung damage and improving lung function in COPD patients.

Production Ecology of the Seagrass Zostera marina in Jindong Bay, Korea

Lee, Kun-Seop,Park, Jung-Im,Chung, Ik-Kyo,Kang, Dong-Woo,Huh, Sung-Hoi The Korean Society of Phycology 2004 ALGAE Vol.19 No.1

Production dynamics of eelgrass, Zostera marina was examined in Jindong Bay on the south of the Korea peninsula. Eelgrass leaf productivities and environmental factors such as underwater photon flux density, water temperature, and nutrient availabilities in the water column and sediments were monitored from March 2002 to December 2003. While water temperature exhibited a distinct seasonal trend, underwater irradiance and nutrient availabilities exhibited high degree of fluctuation, and did not show a seasonal trend throughout the experimental periods. Eelgrass leaf elongation and production rates showed significant seasonal variations. Leaf productivity was highest in May (30.0 mg dry wt sht$^{-1}$ d$^{-1}$ or 3.7g dry wt m$^{-2}$d$^{-1}$) and lowest in November (3.2 mg dry wt sht$^{-1}$ d$^{-1}$ or 0.12 g dry wt m $^{-2}$ d$^{-1}$). Eelgrass leaf productivities did not show a strong correlation with underwater irradiance or environmental nutrient availabilities. The production rates, however, were positively correlated with water temperature during spring periods, and were correlated negatively at high water temperature exceeded 20℃ during summer months. While relative growth rates were highest in spring and lowest in high water temperature periods, plastochrone interval was longest during summer and shortest during spring. These results imply that seasonal growth dynamics of eelgrass, Z. marina was mainly controlled by water temperature.

Seasonal Dynamics of the Seagrass Zostera marina on the South Coast of the Korean Peninsula

Lee, Kun-Seop,Kang, Chang-Keun,Kim, Young-Sang The Korean Society of Oceanography 2003 Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography Vol.38 No.2

Although seagrasses are relatively abundant, few studies have been conducted on seagrass physiology and ecology in Korea. Zostera marina is the most abundant seagrass species, widely distributed throughout all coastal areas of the Korean peninsula. To examine seasonal dynamics and spatial variations of eelgrass, Zostera marina distributed on the coast of Korea, morphological characteristics, biomass, tissue nutrient constituents, leaf productivity and environmental factors were monitored monthly from the eelgrass beds in Kabae Bay and Kosung Bay on the south coast of the Korean peninsula from June 2001 to June 2002. Eelgrass density, biomass, morphological characteristics, leaf productivities, and tissue nutrient constituents exhibited clear seasonal variations, and these seasonal trends reflected seasonal changes in water temperature. Eelgrass shoot density and biomass at Kabae Bay site showed more obvious seasonal trends than Kosung Bay. No strong seasonality in Kosung Bay site appeared to be caused by high water temperature ($>30{\circ}C$) during summer months at this site. Despite differences in nutrient availabilities between two study sites, eelgrass biomass and leaf productivities were not significantly different between study sites, and this lack of spatial variations implies that the ambient nutrient availabilities at the present study sites are in excess of seagrass nutrient demand. Eelgrass tissue N content and sediment pore water DIN concentrations exhibited reverse relationship at the present study. This reverse relationship suggests in situ nutrient concentrations are not good indicator of nutrient availabilities, and regeneration and turnover rates of sediment nutrients are also important factors to determine nutrient availabilities at the site.

Vapor-liquid equilibria of water+monoethanolamine system

Sung Jin Park,Byoung-Moo Min,Ara Cho,Jeon-Seop Lee,신헌용 한국화학공학회 2009 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.26 No.1

The accurate design of carbon dioxide separation processes by the absorption method requires knowledge of the vapor-liquid equilibrium of aqueous alkanolamine systems. MEA (monoethanolamine) is widely used for the separation of carbon dioxide by the chemical absorption process. The equilibrium apparatus was tested by comparing the measured VLE data for the methanol+ethanol system with the literature data. The isobaric vapor liquid equilibrium data were measured for the water+MEA binary system by using a modified Stage-Muller equilibrium still with circulation in both phases. The vapor liquid equilibrium data of water+MEA were measured in the pressure range from 50.0 to 70.0 kPa and temperature range from 355.2 to 430.3 K. The measured data were correlated with the UNIQUAC and NRTL activity coefficient models.

Genetic Polymorphism of CYP2C9 in a Vietnamese Kinh Population

Lee, Sang Seop,Kim, Kang-Mi,Thi-Le, Huong,Yea, Sung-Su,Cha, In-June,Shin, Jae-Gook Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2005 Therapeutic drug monitoring Vol.27 No.2

Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) shows genetic polymorphism with high interethnic variation, but no report has addressed the genetic polymorphism in the Vietnamese population. In the present study, the distribution of 2 common allelic variations of CYP2C9 was investigated in Vietnamese Kinh population, a major ethnic group in Vietnam. Genomic DNA from 157 Vietnamese subjects was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and the presence of CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 allelic variants was determined by pyrosequencing. Among 157 Vietnamese subjects, no subject with the CYP2C9*2 allele was detected, but 7 subjects were heterozygous for the CYP2C9*3 allele. The allele frequency of CYP2C9*3 was 2.2% in the Vietnamese Kinh population. This genotype distribution was well correlated with previous reports suggesting no occurrence of CYP2C9*2 in Asians. These results suggest that CYP2C9*2 may be absent in Vietnamese Kinh population and that CYP2C9*3 is major allelic variant that causes interindividual variation of drug responses to CYP2C9 substrate drugs in the Vietnamese Kinh population.

Solvent Extraction of Gd from Chloride Solution with PC88A

Lee, Man-Seung,Lee, Gwang-Seop,Lee, Jin-Young,Kim, Sung-Don,Ahn, Jae-Woo,Kim, Joon-Soo The Japan Institute of Metals 2005 MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS Vol.46 No.2

<P>Solvent extraction experiments of Gd from chloride solution with PC88A were conducted at different extraction conditions. Solvent extraction reaction was identified from the experimental results using a graphical method, and the corresponding effective equilibrium constant was determined by analyzing the ionic equlibria in a GdCl<SUB>3</SUB> solution. In the experimental ranges investigated in this study, <I>i.e.</I>, [GdCl<SUB>3</SUB>]≤0.3 kmol/m<SUP>3</SUP>, [PC88A]<SUB>org</SUB>≤3.0 kmol/m<SUP>3</SUP> and initial pH≤2.3, solvent extraction reaction of Gd with PC88A and the corresponding effective equilibrium constant were obtained as follows Gd<SUP>3+</SUP>+2H<SUB>2</SUB>A<SUB>2,org</SUB>=GdA<SUB>3</SUB>HA<SUB>org</SUB>+3H<SUP>+</SUP>, <I>K</I><SUB>ex,eff</SUB>=2.8×10<SUP>−1</SUP>.</P>

Solvent Extraction of Sm from Chloride Solution with PC88A and Saponified PC88A

Lee, Man-Seung,Lee, Gwang-Seop,Lee, Jin-Young,Kim, Sung-Don,Kim, Joon-Soo The Japan Institute of Metals 2005 MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS Vol.46 No.1

<P>In this study, solvent extraction experiments of Sm from a chloride solution with PC88A and with partially saponified PC88A were performed. The extraction reaction of Sm with PC88A was identified from the experimental data using a graphical method. A chemical model was then developed to predict the distribution coefficients of Sm for its extraction with the saponified PC88A. In the experimental ranges conducted in this study, the equilibrium constants for the solvent extraction of Sm with PC88A and with the saponified PC88A were estimated through an analysis of the ionic equilibria.</P>