요로감염의 원인균과 항생제에 대한 고찰

조기창 ; 류재기 ; 장철수 김천대학교 2007 김천대학교 논문집 Vol.28 No.-

In order to provide useful information on the choice of adequate drugs in the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI), this paper analyzed the causative organisms of urinary tract infection and studied their changes in antibiotic sensi- tivity from the year of 2000 to 2004 for five years. 5,452 uropathogens and their antimicrobial sensitivity were analyzed from 4,815 inpatients and outpatients, all of whom had causative organisms more than 105 CFU/ml in their urine cultures. As a result of the study, the incidence of UTI increased.with age and was highest in patients who were in their 70s (21.3%). The incidence of Gram negative organ- isms that were measured through Gram stain decreased from 74.2% in 2000 to 58.7% in 2004, whereas Gram positive organisms increased from 25.8% in 2000 to 41.3% in 2004. The major Gram negative and positive pathogens were Escherichia coli (29.0%), Enterococcus (15.9%), Klebsiella (9.4%), and Escherichia coli was the most importanat pathogen of UTI during the research period. In terms of a test conducted on antibiotic sensitivity to Gram negative organisms, the susceptibility of amikacin, an aminoglycoside, increased from 78.2% in 2000 to 82.3% in 2004, and that of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole decreased from 66.2% in 2001 to 60.6% in 2004. As for antibiotic sensitivity to Gram positive organisms, the susceptibility of clindamycin increased from 46.2% in 2000 to 68.2% in 2004. However, the antibiotic susceptibility of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazolen decreased from 90.7% in 2001 to 76.8% in 2004. As for Escherichia coli, the main causal microorganisms of urinary tract infection, the antibiotic sensitivity of cefa- zolin decreased from 88.3% in 2002 to 83.0% in 2004; as for Klebsiella, the sen- sitivity of amikacin decreased from 93.1% in 2000 to73.7% in 2004; and as for the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the antibiotic sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus decreased from 100% in 2001 to 86.7% in 2004. In conclusion, the study confirms that it is possible to use cephalosporins and aminoglycosides as initial experiential antibiotics for urinary tract infection, and suggests that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, traditionally used as primary treat- ment for urinary tract infection, should be used more carefully to treat urinary tract infection accurately.

發達性言語障碍兒의 單一光子防出電算化斷層撮影 所見에 관한 연구

曺洙哲,李明哲,朴鎭生 대한소아ㆍ청소년정신의학회 1992 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.3 No.1

SOL-GEL법을 이용한 강유전체 BaTiO₃박막 및 Ceramics 제조

조채룡,이수재,장민수,김호종,정세영,노동택,김성철 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 1993 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.1

Concentrated solution was prepared for a sol-gel process of BaTiO₃. Barium hydroxide and Ti-isopropoxide were used as the raw materials with methanol and isopropanol as solvents. Dense ferroelectric polycrystalline BaTiO₃thin films with the perovskite structure were fabricated by spin coating of the prepared concentrated solution on a few substrates. From XRD investigation, it was confirmed that tetragonal phase of polycrystalline BaTiO₃powders are formed after heat treatment above 550℃ in air and grain-oriented BaTiO₃thin films are obtained by coating of 0.06M concentrated solution on the substrates. It was observed that surfaces of thin films deposited on the substrates by our methods were formed crack-free and uniformly. The thickness of thin film which depends the concentration of the solution was 400∼900Å for 1 time coating, which was confirmed by SEM analysis. Ceramics and thin films show dielectric constant of 4600 (at 1㎑) and capacitance 300∼800㎊ (at 1㎑) at room temperature, respectively.

습지의 간척에 따른 환경·생태적 기능가치에 대한 비교

조한진,서종환,이철승,안철우,김수생 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 2003 硏究報告 Vol.25 No.2

This study on the environmental-ecological functional value of reclaiming from wet land for a standard of refutation on development and preservation. Korean wet land gives us seafood, social and cultural service of human and livelihood to be self-supporting the foods, supports etc, but at the same time wet land has ecologically sensitive and irreversible features. So we need to have maintainable management strategies considered the safe minimum standards. But Korean wet land has been developed 30% since 1980, and other wet land remain undeveloped has been pressured to develop. Pre-studies have been careless about the negative functions about water quality of paddy. But by the results of this study, we can know that total economic values are negative effects. The negative effects of environment pollution are bigger than the affirmative. And we need to compare and analyze the economic value of wet land and reclaimed land in order to produce more exact cost-benefit analysis on the preservation and development. But when we consider economic value of the liquid-quality purification between wet land and reclaimed land, the value of wet land is greater than reclaimed land.

幼兒自閉症의 單一光子放出電算化斷層撮影所見과 精神病理와의 相互關係에 關한 硏究

曺洙哲,李明哲,金相殷 서울醫大 1990 精神醫學 Vol.15 No.1

"省谷의 精神이 雙龍그룹 및 體育部門에 미친 影響에 관한 硏究" : 金 成坤의 體育活動을 中心으로

趙衍澈,裵守鎭 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1990 科學論集 Vol.16 No.-

The process of economic development of a nation in the process of economic growth of its enterprises. Therefore, the outcomes of enterprise management determine the future of the nation. A small enterprise directed by Song-Kok has become the great Ssang Young Group, thanks to his excellent management through generous personality, aggressive attitude and persistent efforts. In other words, whatever he did, Song-Kok tried his best as an entrepreneur, politician, newsman, and athlete. His staying energy came from his physical health which he has been taking care of by means of continuous exercise. Song-Kok was very interested in the development of Korean athletics and achieved many things as follows. 1. While he was president of the Kyungbuk Athletic Association, Song-Kok restored athletics in kyungbuk province. 2. When he was president of the Korea Judo Association, Song-Kok made a great contribution to the progress of Korean Judo. 3. Song-Kok did a great deal for the development of Korean athletics while he was an adviser to the Korea Amateur Sports Association. 4. Song-Kok was very contributive to the evolution of golf while he was president of the Asia Golf Association.

播種量 差異에 따른 濟州在來 동부의 生育反應, 收量 및 粗成分 變化

趙南棋,金東賢,宋昌吉,劉哲受,高東煥 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1999 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.16 No.-

ABSTRACT This study was accomplished to look into the response of main growth characters, yield and chemical composition of Cheju local cowpea on Cheju Island based on the difference between seeding rate. The study took place between May and September, 1998. Number, of days to flowering tended to be delayed as the seeding rate increased. Plant length was the longest at 6kg/10a treatment and the next one was at 5kg/10a treatment. The shortest came from 2kg/10a treatment, 275 cm, 271 and 220cm respectively. Number of branchs and stem diameter became weaker as the seeding rate increased. Fresh forage yields per lOa was the heaviest which weighed 6,073kg at 6kg/10a treatment and 5,840kg at 5kg/10a treatment respectively. The rest decreased gradually. Dry matter yields per lOa, crude protein yields per lOa and total digestible nutrient yields per lOa showed a similar tendency to fresh yields per lOa. The percentage of crude protein and crude fat got higher as the seeding rate increased, but the percentage of crude ash and crude fiber rather tended to decrease. Nitrogen free extract and total digestible nutrient percentages were similar to the change of crude protein percentage. SPAD reading values were the highest at 6kg/10a and 5kg/10a treatment.

시험불안의 측정

조수철 大韓神經精神醫學會 1989 신경정신의학 Vol.28 No.4

The major goals of this study are as fololws; 1) to examine the reliability of the Spielberger's Test Anxiety Inventory(TAI). 2) to find out the factor structures for the TAI among Korean high school students. 3) to compare the mean score of the test anxiety among Korean students with that of foreign students. The results show that; 1) Test-retest reliability(0.82) and split-half reliability(0.87) show satisfactory results and it proves to be an internally consistent instrument(0.91). 2) Factor analysis revealed three factors and this suggests that there may be multiple dimensions of the test anxiety in Korean high school students. 3) Korean students showed much higher mean value of test anxiety compared to that of the three other foreign students. The author suggests concurrent use of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory of Spielberger, Sarason's Test Anxiety Scale, or Liebert's Worry and Emotionality Questionaire will be able to validate this inventory.

고온 리튬용융염에서 오스테나이크계 합금의 부식거동

조수행,홍순석,오승철,박성원 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.1

In the development of the advanced spent fuel management process based on the molten salt technology, it is essential to choose the optimum material for the process equipment handing molten salt. As a part of assessment and application of the structural material for the molten salt handing system, corrosion behavior of Fe-base and Ni-base alloys in the molten salts was investigated in the temperature range of 650~800℃. Ni-base alloys showed of FeCr₂O₄ and Cr₂O₃ were formed in the Fe-abse alloys, also, NiFe₂O₄ and Cr₂O₃ in the Ni-base alloys. Fe-base alloys showed uniform and intergranular corrosion behavior and Ni-base alloys showed uniform and localized corrosion behavior.

직업성질환 감시체계의 계획과 관리

조수헌,홍윤철,임종한,장성실,천병철 大韓産業醫學會 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.1

직업성 질환에 관련된 다양한 진료를 체계적으로 수집하고 관리하여 직업성질환의 예방 목적으로 이를 활용하고 자하는 노력이 우리나라에서도 이제 다양한 방법으로 시도되고 있다. 최근의 자료 시스템의 구축과 관리 방법의 향상은 새로운 직업성 잘환감시방법을 개발하게 하여 직업성질환과 손상을 예 방하는데 크게 기여하고 있다. 우리나라에서도 기존의 산업보건사업의 성과를 계승하면서, 외국의 직업성질환 감시의 여러 경험을 비판적으로 수용하여 한국적인 직업성질환 감시 모델을 구축해야 할 것으로 생각된다. 자발적인 지역차원의 직업성질환 감시체계들이 틀을 잡아가고 있는 이 시점에서 본격적으로 직업성질환 감시체계 수립을 위한 전략과 구체적 방법론을 마련하고 공유하여야 할 필요가 있다. 이를 위하여 우리나라의 직업성질환 감시체계를 구축하는데 기초가 될 수 있는 직업성질환 감시체계의 계획과 관리에 대한 내용을 정리하였다. 이러한 감시체계를 우리나라에 정립하려는 노력들의 일환으로 최근 직업성질환감시연구회의 결성 및 각 지역의 직업성질환 감시체계의 운영 등이 조금씩 결실을 맺어가고 있어 간략히 소개하면 다음과 같다.첫째, 최근에 인천, 천안, 대전, 여천, 구미 등에서 지역단위의 직업성질환 감시체계를 구축하고 있고 한국산업안전공단에서는 특수건강진단과 작업환경측정 자료를 전산화하여 이를 직업성질환 감시에 사용하는 전국단위의 감시체계와 천식, 근골격계질환, 피부질환 등 질환별 감시체계 등이 시도되고 있다.둘째, 이러한 움직임은 과거에 비하여 한층 발전된 양상이고 바람직하지만 이제는 국가적 차원에서 직업성질환 감시체계를 어떻게 설정하고 조율할 지를 고민하고 계획하여야 할 때이다. 즉 한국산업안전공단과 지역단위 직업성질환 감시체계들의 역할분담과 상호 정보의 교류 등이 정리되어야 이를 바탕으로 유기적인 국가 직업성질환 감시체계가 구축될 수 있다.셋째, 이를 위하여서는 직업성질환 감시체계 구축의 방법론을 서로 교류하고 공유할 필요가 있으며 나아가서는 이를 표준화하여 기본적인 자료의 교류가 원활하게 이루어질 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 이러한 역할은 최근에 결성된 직업성질환감시연구회와 산업안전보건연구원, 그리고 대한산업의학회, 산업간호학회, 산업위생학회 등이 협력하여 학술적인 작업과 함께 실무적인 지침을 만들어나가도록 하는 것이 바람직할 것이다.